Dispersed Epoxy Research Articles

Investigations on the dielectric properties of solution-casted B4C and PbO dispersed epoxy composites

Investigations on the dielectric properties of solution-casted B4C and PbO dispersed epoxy composites

Intrinsically reactive hyperbranched interface governs graphene oxide dispersion and crosslinking in epoxy for enhanced flame retardancy

Enhancing the flame retardancy of epoxy (EP) resins typically entailed a trade-off with other physical properties. Herein, hyperbranched poly(amidoamine) (HPAA) and phytic acid (PA) were used to functionalize graphene oxide (GO) via electrostatic self-assembly in water to prepare a phosphorus-nitrogen functionalized graphene oxide nanosheet (PN-GOs), which could be utilized as high efficient flame-retardant additive of epoxy resin without sacrificing other properties. The PN-GOs demonstrated improved dispersion and compatibility within the EP matrix, which resulted in significant concurrent enhancements in both the mechanical performance and flame-retardant properties of the PN-GOs/EP nanocomposites over virgin EP. Notably, the incorporation of just 1.0 wt% PN-GOs yielded a 20.4, 6.4 and 42.7 % increases in flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength for the PN-GOs/EP nanocomposites, respectively. Furthermore, simultaneous reductions were achieved in the peak heat release rate (pHRR) by 60.0 %, total smoke production (TSP) by 43.0 %, peak CO production rate (pCOP) by 57.9 %, and peak CO2 production rate (pCO2P) by 63.9 %. This study presented a facile method for the design of GO-based nano flame retardants, expanding their application potential in polymer-matrix composites.

Impact of different matrix systems on mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites

AbstractCarbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite is one of the most important composite materials in the world. Many researchers have conducted a lot of research on epoxy resin matrix systems in recent years, mainly to improve the problem with the short curing time of the matrix system and epoxy resin's high viscosity. The final aim is to enhance various aspects of composites' performance and optimize the production process. A new type of water dispersed epoxy resin matrix system is investigated in this paper and the target is to optimize the mechanical, thermal, and electrical performances of the composites with the water dispersed epoxy resin matrix by varying different doping particles and different resin/catalyst ratios. Through a series of experiments, it is evident that varying the ratio of resin to catalyst in the matrix system will not significantly improve the mechanical as well as thermal properties of the composites. However, increasing the amount of catalyst in the matrix system can greatly improve the electrical properties of its composite samples. In addition to this, the addition of doping particles to the matrix systems has the effect of slightly enhancing the tensile modulus, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity of their composites.Highlights A new water‐dispersed epoxy resin matrix system improves processing technology. Increasing amount of catalyst in the matrix system improves electrical resistivity. Adding particles to matrix systems has a slight effect on different properties.

Effect of dual dispersion of carbon fiber and silica nanoparticles on recovery performance of shape memory epoxy

Shape memory polymers are utilized in diverse fields, including deployable structures and components, owing to their advantageous properties like low density, cost-effectiveness, and ease of processing. The current study investigates the effect of dual dispersion of carbon fibers (CF) and silica nanoparticles (SN) on the recovery performance of shape memory epoxy composites. CF (0.25 wt.%) reinforced epoxy composite, SN (0.25 wt.%) reinforced epoxy composite, and dual (CF and SN 0.25 wt.% each) dispersed epoxy composite were developed using magnetic stirring and ultrasonic mixing to study the mechanical properties and shape memory behaviour. Flexural strength, tensile strength and fracture toughness of pristine epoxy was found to be 134.38, 52.15 MPa and 1.91 MPa∙m1/2, respectively. The addition of CF resulted in a flexural strength of 135.70 MPa and a tensile strength of 53.01 MPa, while the incorporation of SN led to a flexural and tensile strength of 138.40 and 53.69 MPa, respectively. The fracture toughness of composites after adding CF and SN was found to be 2.22 and 2.39 MPa∙m1/2, respectively. With dual dispersion, the flexural strength of 139.82 MPa, tensile strength of 54.64 MPa, and fracture toughness of 2.75 MPa∙m1/2 were achieved. Dual dispersion has shown improved mechanical properties compared to single dispersion. The introduction of CF slightly decreased the shape fixity ratio (Rf ) and shape recovery ratio (Rr ) of the pristine epoxy from 98.67% and 96.62% to 96.67% and 95.15%, respectively. Similarly, the addition of SN further reduced these ratios to 98.00% and 91.83%, respectively. With a dual dispersion approach Rf and Rr were observed to be about 97.33% and 93.83%, respectively. The addition of fillers led to a reduction in Rf and Rr due to inhibition of polymeric chains, resulting in partial shape recovery. However, recovery time improved from 28 to 23 and 26 s with addition of CF and SN, respectively, in epoxy. With dual dispersion, a speedy recovery was achieved with a recovery time of 21 s. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of dual dispersed fillers to improve the mechanical and shape memory properties of epoxy, which could find applications in the smart materials and structural engineering.

The Effect of Epoxy Resin on the Infiltration of Porous Metal Parts Formed through Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing technology can print multi-material parts with multiple functions/properties, and has great potential for working in harsh application environments. However, the metal blank formed by sintering metal powder material with binder added through L-PBF has an obvious porous structure and insufficient mechanical properties, and few studies have been conducted studying this. In this paper, epoxy resin was used to impregnate the blank of porous metal parts formed by L-PBF with iron-based powder material at a certain temperature, and a cross-linked curing reaction was carried out with three kinds of phenolic resin in different proportions under the action of a curing agent, so as to fill the pores and achieve the desired mechanical properties. The characteristic peaks of each group of epoxy resin were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectrums. The microstructure, decomposition temperature, and residue of four epoxy resin dispersion systems were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG). The results show that the density of the porous metal parts was obviously improved, the heat resistance temperature of the parts could reach 350 °C, and the tensile strength of the sample after EP2-1 impregnation was increased by 4–6 times after curing at 160 °C for 6 h. Therefore, the use of an epoxy resin dispersion system can increase the porosity of L-PBF porous metal parts, but can also significantly improve their mechanical properties, which can help them to meet the requirements of applications as model materials, biological materials, and functional materials to provide a feasible solution.

Smart self-healing coating based on the covalent organic frameworks (COF LZU-1) for corrosion protection of steel

COF LZU-1 has the characteristics of a porous structure, a large specific surface area, and good chemical stability. In recent decades, extensive research has been conducted on its use as a nanomaterial for drug loading and separation. Here, we report a new corrosion inhibitor encapsulated nanostructure (LZU-1 @BTA). We synthesized LZU-1 via a hydrothermal method and loaded benzotriazole (BTA) corrosion inhibitor into LZU-1. The results show that loaded BTA can achieve effective pH-responsive release under acidic and alkaline conditions. The amino group present in the LZU-1 molecule can cross-link with epoxy resin, and its compatibility allows for good dispersion in epoxy resin without any further modification. The LZU-1 @BTA modified epoxy coating has shown remarkable anti-corrosion properties and excellent self-healing capabilities, which have been evaluated through various techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS), scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and salt spray testing. The high-quality dispersion of LZU-1 @BTA in the resin, the high cross-linking density, and the pH-responsive release of BTA in the epoxy resin are some of the key factors that contribute to the excellent anti-corrosion performance of the epoxy resin composite coating. This research has opened up new possibilities for designing anti-corrosion coatings with significantly better corrosion resistance.

Mussel-inspired preparation of dispersible mica nanosheets for waterborne epoxy coatings with reinforced anticorrosive performance

Mica is a low-cost, naturally layered material with superior insulation, high-temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, but the preparation of its nanosheets on a large scale and their compatibility with resin are still to be solved. In this work, hydroxyl-functionalized mica nanosheets (MNs) were prepared by the introduction of plasma treatment with a yield of 6.695 %. Inspired by mussels, natural tannic acid (TA) was chosen to modify MNs via the interaction of catechol groups with OH to prepare functionalized MNs (MNs@TA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) proved the successful preparation of TA-modified MNs. The obtained MNs@TA exhibited good dispersion in solvent and waterborne epoxy (WEP) coating, enhancing the compatibility with WEP resin. In addition, the MNs@TA/WEP composite coatings were used on Q235 carbon steel, and their corrosion protection performance and mechanism were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), ultra-depth three-dimensional microscope, and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results illustrated that the incorporation of 0.5 wt% MNs@TA significantly improved the anticorrosive performance of the WEP coating via enhanced barrier properties.

Graphene oxide dispersion in epoxy resin prepared by direct phase transfer from ethanol: Rheology and aging

Graphene oxide addition to epoxy still presents challenges related to attaining optimized dispersion in scale-up production. Herein, the synthesis of high-quality GO by exfoliation in ethanol enabled the spontaneous phase transfer of GO from solvent to epoxy resin to produce a masterbatch with 1.5 wt.% GO content. Nanocomposites with 0.25 wt.%, 0.50 wt.% and 0.75 wt.% nanofiller contents were obtained by masterbatch dilution in epoxy resin. The results reveal the presence of a partial cross-linked network in these nanocomposites associated with the presence of GO, even without the use of a hardener. Thermogravimetric analysis showed the influence of GO on the oxidative decomposition mechanism of epoxy resin, whose behavior was assigned to strong interactions in the GO-epoxy interphase. Furthermore, the rheological behavior changes demonstrate the high quality of the GO dispersion in the resin obtained in this work. The nanocomposites showed high viscosity increases over time and pseudoplastic behavior, which was completely different from the neat epoxy resin. Aged nanocomposites without hardener present a first chemically cross-linked layer of epoxy to GO (∼ 10% for nanocomposite at 0.50 wt.% GO content) and a supramolecular coating interacting and entangled with these structures (> 40% of epoxy chains for EP-GO50).

Enhanced mechanical and adhesive properties of PDMS coatings via in-situ formation of uniformly dispersed epoxy reinforcing phase

A uniformly dispersed epoxy/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hybrid system was prepared through hydrosilylation and in-situ polymerization reaction. The obtained epoxy/PDMS coating possessed enhanced mechanical and adhesive properties. The hybrid structure of epoxy/PDMS was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC and SEM, respectively. Results indicated that the tensile strength, elongation at break and shear strength of the epoxy-containing polydimethylsiloxane (EPS) modified PDMS (EPS-PDMS) were increased by 187 %, 185 % and 137 %, respectively, when compared to the pure PDMS. Besides, TGA analysis indicated that the initial degradation temperature of EPS-PDMS was well maintained when compared to that of pure PDMS. Therefore, the convenient strategy of in-situ formation of epoxy reinforcing phase with flexible long-chain siloxane into PDMS effectively integrated the advantages of two incompatible polymers. The prepared EPS-PDMS coatings with enhanced mechanical and adhesive properties show great potential applications in the aerospace and industrial fields as flexible thermal protection coatings.

Characterizing the curing behavior and high-temperature performance of epoxy-resin modified asphalts

This study was undertaken to quantify and analyze the microscopic morphology and curing reaction of epoxy asphalt (EA) modified with 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% epoxy resin (ER) contents. The functional group changes and the ER dispersion before and after the curing reaction, at the micro level, were comparatively evaluated using the infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The influence of various ER contents on the high-temperature performance of EA was also analyzed and quantified, at macro level, using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The research results showed that the particle size of the ER molecules after curing is more significant than before the curing reaction. When the ER content is low, the EA turned into a continuous phase. The peak area of the distinct functional groups in the EA was found to be linearly correlated with the quantitative content of the ER. The strain sweep results showed that the linear viscoelastic region of the EA shrinks after curing. The higher the ER content, the smaller the strain in the linear viscoelastic region. The frequency scanning results showed that the ER significantly increased the composite shear modulus (G*). The rutting factor (G*/Sin δ) showed that when the ER content exceeds 20%, the high-temperature deformation resistance of EA increases and vice versa. The test results of multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) showed that the deformation recovery ability is significantly improved with increased ER contents after curing. As analyzed using the coefficient of variation (COV), the high-temperature DSR rheological indicated satisfactory statistical reliability with COV values less than 30%.

Boron carbide dispersed epoxy composites for gamma radiation shielding applications

The present article deals with the preparation of B4C dispersed epoxy composites for irradiation shielding applications. The samples of five different compositions were made through molding and curing route and were subjected to thermal characterization and irradiation attenuation studies. The thermal stability of the samples increased due to the intrinsic conductivity of the filler particles whereas the shielding performance of samples increased with an increased addition of B4C at lower energies due to photoelectric absorption than that at higher energies, which makes the as-prepared sample suitable for low dose shielding applications.

Double macromolecules reinforced and toughened GO/epoxy resin composites: The critical role of a rigid-flexible interface

The rigid-flexible transition interface between graphene oxide (GO) and epoxy by double macromolecules using chitosan (CS) and polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) on GO surface was firstly established, and the effects on dispersion, interfacial and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. It was proved by FT-IR, Raman, XPS and TEM tests that rigid-flexible macromolecules have been successfully covalently grafted on GO, which could balance the modulus of GO and resin, effectively improving the dispersion in epoxy and forming stronger interface combination. Mechanical tests demonstrated that compared with pure epoxy, the tensile, flexural and impact strength of GO-CS-EGDE (only 0.1 wt%)/epoxy composite increased by 36.2%, 42.9% and 54.3% respectively, and the elongation at break increased by 102.7%. In addition, the stress transfer and strengthening mechanisms of composites have been explored. This work would provide an economic and feasible avenue for the high-performance resin nanocomposites.

Triethanolamine modified graphene oxide for epoxy resin‐based coatings: Corrosion inhibition on metal substrates

Graphene oxide is an ideal nanofiller for epoxy resins because of its excellent mechanical properties, high thermal resistance, and abundant oxygen‐containing functional groups. However, the poor dispersion of graphene oxide in epoxy resins restricts its application in corrosive environments. In this study, epoxy coating was prepared by incorporating triethanolamine (TEA)‐modified graphene oxide (TEA‐GO‐EP). TEA acted as a modification agent for graphene oxide to improve its dispersion in epoxy and corrosion inhibitor for the underlying copper substrate. The long‐term potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results demonstrated the improved anti‐corrosion performance of the TEA‐GO‐EP coatings in 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution, compared with the coatings without TEA. Moreover, the anti‐corrosion mechanism was discussed in detail. The findings reported in this paper have important implications for developing new types of eco‐friendly epoxy‐based coatings.

Viscosity‐curing time behavior, viscoelastic properties, and phase separation of graphene oxide/epoxy asphalt composites

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) with 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 wt% loading was used to modify warm‐mix epoxy asphalt binders (WEABs). The thermal stability, structure of GO, rotational viscosity‐curing time performance, dynamic moduli, glass transitions, damping ability, mechanical performance, and phase‐separated morphology of GO/epoxy asphalt composites were investigated in the laboratory. GO significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the pure WEAB. X‐ray scattering analysis revealed that GO layers were delaminated in the epoxy asphalt binder. GO accelerated the cure reaction of the pure WEAB and thus resulted in higher rotational viscosity of GO/epoxy asphalt composites. Furthermore, the viscosity of the modified WEABs slightly increased in the GO content. GO increased the dynamic moduli and Tgs of both epoxy and asphalt for the pure WEAB. However, the damping ability of GO/epoxy asphalt composites was similar to that of the pure WEAB. Confocal microscopy observations revealed that GO was dispersed in both asphalt and epoxy phases of the phase‐separated WEAB. The asphalt domains in the continuous epoxy phase became more spherical and uniform with the existence of GO. Moreover, the dispersion of epoxy in the discontinuous asphalt phase became more evident. The mechanical properties of the pure WEAB were greatly improved with the addition of GO. The tensile toughness and strength of the pure WEAB increased by 31% and 33%, respectively, with the addition of 0.2 wt% GO.

Mechanical, fracture toughness, and fatigue behavior of spinifex littoreus fiber on echinoidea‐spike toughened epoxy composite

AbstractNovel spinifex littores fiber‐reinforced echinoidea spike particle dispersed epoxy resin hybrid composite has been prepared and characterized. The main objective of this research work was to prepare a new system of epoxy hybrid composite comprises of surface‐treated novel spinifex littores fiber (SLF) and echinoidea spike powder (ESP) for sustainable material development. The fiber was treated with alkali and silane for effective adhesion with matrix. The composites were prepared using hand layup method and post cured at 120°C. The mechanical properties were improved with increasing particle content. The wear result shows a lowest coefficient of friction and sp. wear rate of 0.43 and 0.004 mm3/Nm for SP5 composite designation. Fracture toughness of 32.1 ± 0.69 MPa √m and energy release rate of 1.257 ± 0.071 mJ/m2 was observed for composite designation SP4. A highest fatigue life count of 26,832 was observed for composite contains 1 vol% of silane‐treated ESP and 8 h alkali cum silane‐treated SPF. The fractographs reveals toughness improved matrix phase via shear cup formation. These marine based eco‐friendly reinforcement based epoxy composites could be used in various applications in the cadre of automobile, mini‐aircrafts, structural, sports, and domestic.

Investigating optimal region for thermal and electrical properties of epoxy nanocomposites under high frequencies and temperatures

This research investigates the optimal region to achieve balanced thermal and electrical insulation properties of epoxy (EP) under high frequency (HF) and high temperature (HT) via integration of surface-modified hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoparticles. The effects of nanoparticle content and high temperature on various electrical (DC, AC, and high frequency) and thermal properties of EP are investigated. It is found that the nano h-BN addition enhances thermal performance and weakens electrical insulation properties. On the other side, under HF and HT stress, the presence of h-BN nanoparticles significantly improves the electrical performance of BN/EP nanocomposites. The EP has superior insulation properties at low temperature and low frequency, whereas the BN/EP nanocomposites exhibit better insulation performance than EP under HF and HT. The factors such as homogeneous nanoparticle dispersion in EP, enhanced thermal conductivity, nanoparticle surface modification, weight percent of nanoparticles, the mismatch between the relative permittivity of EP and nano h-BN, and the presence of voids in nanocomposites play the crucial role. The optimal nanoparticle content and homogenous dispersion can produce suitable EP composites for the high frequency and high temperature environment, particularly solid-state transformer applications.

Synthesis and characterization of manganese doped cobalt oxide porous nanoparticles dispersed epoxy composites

We report the synthesis and characterization of Manganese doped Cobalt oxide porous nanoparticles loaded epoxy matrix composites possessing enhanced dielectric properties. The amine functionalized mesoporous Mn-Co3O4 synthesized through sol–gel method using SBA 15 as hard template and the obtained product is subjected to XRD, SEM and TEM studies to confirm the crystal structures. The prepared nanocomposites of mesoporous Mn-Co3O4 nanoparticles and Mn-Co3O4well dispersed epoxy are characterized using DSC, TGA, SEM and electrical properties. The thermal properties of mesoporous 3% Mn-Co3O4 epoxy Nanocomposite samples showed a significant enhancement in thermal stability than that of neat epoxy matrix. The Glass transition temperature of 3% Mn-Co3O4 epoxy Nanocomposite is 171 °C, the 10% weight loss temperature was found to be 310 °C and the chair yield at 800 °C is 31%. The mesoporous Mn-Co3O4 incorporated epoxy composite exhibited high electrical conductivity, low dielectric loss and reduction in resistivity when compared to neat epoxy.

Preparation and anticorrosion properties of GO‐Ce‐MOF nanocomposite coatings

AbstractHerein, a new strategy for improving epoxy coatings' anti‐corrosion performance has been developed, which combined NH2‐Ce‐MOF with graphene oxide (GO) by hydrothermal method. First, the nanocomposite material's morphology and structure (GO‐Ce‐MOF) were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, TG, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies. The dispersity of the composite in the epoxy coating was evaluated by SEM and mapping analysis. Meanwhile, the anti‐corrosion of as‐prepared composite coatings was investigated in detail by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the Tafel polarization curve test. The results illustrated that 2.0 wt% GO‐Ce‐MOF/EP greatly enhanced the composite coating's anti‐corrosion performance compared to other coatings. The reasons for the improvement of the anti‐corrosion performance of the composite coating are attributed to the following two aspects: On the one hand, the addition of GO can provide a physical barrier to form a labyrinth effect to slow down the invasion of corrosive media into the metal substrate, on the other hand, the modification of GO can GO‐Ce‐MOF achieve better compatibility and dispersion in epoxy resin.

Preparation and comparative study of anticorrosion nanocomposites of polyaniline/graphene oxide/clay coating

Abstract In this study, novel anticorrosion coatings including doped polyaniline, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and modified clay sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) were synthesized. The nanocomposite particles were coated on carbon steel after optimal mixing and dispersion in epoxy resin. In order to increase the dispersibility and increase the functional groups between the graphene plates, the initial graphene oxide nanoparticles were re-oxidized and finally reduced to have a better dispersibility in the composite environment. Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (SDBS) was used as a secondary dopant and surfactant. Synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, Open Circuit Potential (OCP), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FFT), and salt spray test were used to investigate the electrochemical and anticorrosion behavior of the synthesized composite. The results showed that the initiative of adding certain ratios of RGO and Na-MMT to the polyaniline polymer significantly increased the anticorrosion properties of the coating. It was also found that at the same part ratios, the anticorrosion property of RGO is higher than the anticorrosion property of Na-MMT. According to the Tafel test, the corrosion current of the synthesized nanocomposite was 0.065 μA cm−2, which was lower than the corrosion current of other samples and shows the superiority of the anticorrosion property of this sample. Also, after 720 h of Salt spray test (In 3.5% wt NaCl), a very high and desirable durability of this sample (Sample a) has been observed.

Effects of solid lubricant fillers on the flexural and shear strength response of carbon fabric-epoxy composites

Multi-layered carbon fabric-epoxy composites (CFEC) encounter certain challenges in expanding their usage mainly due to their low interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and sensitivity to delamination damage. The present article focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of the fillers molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) (2–8 wt%) on the flexural and the shear properties of the CFEC. The filler dispersion in epoxy resin is achieved by ultrasonication and composite fabrication through vacuum-assisted hand lay-up process. The filler surface area, evaluated as per nitrogen adsorption principles, reveals characteristics of hysteresis isotherm and mesoporous structure in both the fillers. Fourier transform infrared analyses on MoS2 reveal the stretch vibration due to molybdenum-sulfur and disulfide bonds whereas, in the h-BN, the transverse stretching and the out-of-plane bending happen due to boron-nitrogen and the boron-nitrogen-boron molecular group, respectively. Further analysis in the atomic force microscope shows more regular filler distribution at the outer surface for 4 and 6 wt% filler loaded CFEC whereas, 8 wt% filler loading results in an uneven particle distribution and attains the minimum surface roughness. The study exhibits the maximum ILSS (43.46 MPa) which is 43% enhancement compared to the neat CFEC for 6 wt% h-BN loaded CFEC. The maximum flexural strength (532 MPa) was noticed in 4 wt% MoS2 loaded CFEC signifying 62% improvement compared to the neat CFEC. The structural property improvements were witnessed because of the regularly distributed filler that strengthens the fiber-matrix interaction zone and reduces the matrix crack. The findings reveal that the proposed enhanced scheme by solid lubricant fillers proves to be more favorable for improving the matrix-dominated properties and the bending stiffness compared to the other particle-reinforced approaches.