Dispatch Control Center Research Articles

Assessment of the performance of implementation of renewable energy facilities with the prospect of hydrogen production using the example of southern Russia

Adopting experience and best practices for stimulating the development of RES in individual regions that most successfully implement RES-based installations into their energy balance is a necessary element in the development of the energy sector of disadvantaged regions, while a methodology is needed to determine what factors influenced the success of implementation and what criteria should be used to compare and to determine the success of the implementation of RES in the region, however, a generally accepted methodology has not been formed to date. It was proposed to determine the leading regions and disadvantaged regions from the point of view of success in introducing renewable energy sources into the regional energy system based on the success of fulfilling the regional demand. To assess the success of the use and implementation of installations based on renewable energy in the regional energy system, it is necessary to identify parameters that reflect the potential of renewable energy sources, the initial state of energy supply in the region, the costs of construction of the installation, the profit received from the sale of generated energy, and the current state of the regional energy system. Based on the developed technique, the six most energy-intensive regions included in the operating area of the Southern Branch of United Dispatch Control Center of Russian Power System Operator which have renewable energy power plants were analyzed. The chosen indicator was the share of energy resources generated from renewable energy sources in the total amount of energy resources. Based on the results of the analysis, recommendations were drawn for disadvantaged regions. Energy donation for disadvantaged areas is proposed through the production of a universal energy carrier - hydrogen - in prosperous areas. For energy storage, hydrogen cryogenic storage facilities have been considered promising. The standard cryogenic hydrogen tank RSV-1400 was adopted as part of the main element of the hydrogen storage facility. The capacity of such tanks is 1 000 000 L. To transport energy to consumers, the possibilities of transporting hydrogen by cryogenic tankers and hydrogen transport tanks have been considered.In addition, at present there is a fairly large scientific, technical and practical base for the creation of gas and cryogenic liquid hydrogen pipelines.

Application of non-Euclidean metric in the electric power industry for reduction of measurement uncertainty

The paper proposes the use of the non-Euclidean metric to reduce the uncertainty that occurs when measuring voltage for the tasks of ongoing continuous control of electric power consumption in large, branched high-voltage electric networks. The problem is that for continuous control of electric power consumption, it is necessary to install the active and reactive power measuring equipment in each node of the electric network (at each substation) and to ensure the transmission of measurement information to dispatching control centers. For countries with large electric networks, long distances between electric grid nodes and dispatch control centers, this requires huge capital costs. Therefore, it is advisable to place equipment for measuring electric power and voltage only in individual nodes of the electrical network, and then calculate the parameters of the remaining nodes based on Kirchhoff's laws. But at the same time, there is a significant measurement uncertainty, because the complex value of the voltage is usually not measured, only the modulus of the voltage values is used for the calculation. The use of non-Euclidean metrics provides the reduction of the input data uncertainty, which are necessary to control the consumption of electric power in each node of the electric network.

Network Reconfiguration Framework for CO2 Emission Reduction and Line Loss Minimization in Distribution Networks Using Swarm Optimization Algorithms

This paper presents the development of a generic active distribution network (ADN) operation simulation framework that incorporates selected swarm optimization algorithms (SOAs) for the purpose of reducing CO2 emissions and line loss minimization through network reconfiguration (NR). The framework has been implemented in the ADN of Taipower. Network data, provided by the Distribution Mapping Management System and Distribution Dispatch Control Center (DDCC) of Taipower, were converted into an OpenDSS script to create ADN models. The SOA is integrated into the framework and utilized to determine the statuses of both four-way and two-way switches in the planning and operating stages, in accordance with the proposed multi-objective function and operational constraints. The weightings for these decisions can be customized by distribution operators to meet their specific requirements. In this paper, the weighting for line loss reduction is set to one for minimizing CO2 emissions. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed ADN framework can recommend a feeder switching scheme to distribution operators, aiming to balance feeder loading and minimize the neutral line current. Finally, this approach leads to reduced line losses and minimizes CO2 emissions. In contrast to relying solely on historical operational experience, this generic ADN reconfiguration framework offers a systematic approach that can significantly contribute to reducing CO2 emissions and enhancing the operational efficiency of ADNs.

Power grid fault event reasoning based on entity extraction model of knowledge map

In the initial construction process of smart grid dispatching control system in power grid dispatching control center, because different subsystems are in decentralized development, independent operation and independent management, it is easy to reduce data interconnection, which leads to difficulties in data sharing and restricts the information level of the system. The data is multi-source, and the data format is inconsistent, resulting in the application problems that the data can not be shared, accessed, managed, analyzed and mined in real time among different subsystems. In order to solve the problems of data sharing and mining, this paper constructs a knowledge map entity extraction model to study the power grid fault events. Based on the knowledge map theory, the structured and unstructured data related to power grid dispatching are processed to improve the application efficiency of data. Cleaning the preprocessed data to obtain the corresponding entity value and attribute value. The knowledge extraction model of power grid fault event reasoning knowledge mapping is constructed, and the power grid fault event reasoning knowledge edge mapping system is designed to extract the relationship between events and complete data storage. The experimental results show that the text prediction degree of the proposed model is high, which can reach more than 95; The accuracy is 96.71%, the recall rate is 94.88%, and the F1 value is 9.27%. This proves the feasibility of this study, in order to provide data and theoretical support for intelligent management and real-time dispatching of power grid.

Construction and application of knowledge graph for grid dispatch fault handling based on pre-trained model

With the construction of new power systems, the power grid has become extremely large, with an increasing proportion of new energy and AC/DC hybrid connections. The dynamic characteristics and fault patterns of the power grid are complex; additionally, power grid control is difficult, operation risks are high, and the task of fault handling is arduous. Traditional power-grid fault handling relies primarily on human experience. The difference in and lack of knowledge reserve of control personnel restrict the accuracy and timeliness of fault handling. Therefore, this mode of operation is no longer suitable for the requirements of new systems. Based on the multi-source heterogeneous data of power grid dispatch, this paper proposes a joint entity–relationship extraction method for power-grid dispatch fault processing based on a pre-trained model, constructs a knowledge graph of power-grid dispatch fault processing and designs, and develops a fault-processing auxiliary decision-making system based on the knowledge graph. It was applied to study a provincial dispatch control center, and it effectively improved the accident processing ability and intelligent level of accident management and control of the power grid.

Research on Automatic Acceptance Technology of OCS Main Station Based on Artificial Intelligence

With the continuous expansion of the scale of modern power grid and the upgrading of equipment management requirements, monitoring specialty is facing greater challenges. Substation automation system acceptance workload is also gradually expanding. When a large number of signals need to be checked and accepted, the workload of checking signals will naturally increase. When the substation data monitored by the dispatching control center increases, there are too many signals to be checked and accepted. This leads to some problems in the normal monitoring of power grid. The signal in the acceptance is analyzed, and the signal is identified according to the frequency of transmission of the signal and the relevant grid time. Substation automation is based on the user terminal project, and the acceptance requirements will be based on the operation, coordination, scheduling, measurement and maintenance. To cut the passage of the old automation system to the new automation system, care must be taken to prevent data jumps and channel interruptions during the cutting process. The automation system operation technology is constantly developing, and the demand for automation personnel is constantly improving.

A Simplified LSTM Neural Networks for One Day-Ahead Solar Power Forecasting

In recent years, exploration and exploitation of renewable energies are turning a new chapter toward the development of energy policy, technology and business ecosystem in all the countries. Distributed energy resources (DERs) are being largely interconnected to electrical power grids. This dispersed and intermittent generational mixes bring technical and economic challenges to the power systems in terms of operations, stability, reliability, interoperability and the policy making. In additional, DERs cause the significant impacts to the operation of traditional centralized generation power plants and the dispatch control centers. Under such circumstances, the accuracy of DERs power forecasting is one of the critical problems for TSO and DSO such as unit commitment, smooth fluctuations, peak load shifting, demand response, etc. In this paper, a simplified LSTM algorithm built over the architecture of Machine Learning methodology to forecast one day-ahead solar power generation is introduced. Through the machine learning processes of data processing, model fitting, cross validation, metrics evaluation and hyperparameters tuning, the result shows that the proposed simplified LSTM model outperform the MLP model. Moreover, the forecast of LSTM model can successfully capture intra-hour ramping on different weather scenarios. The average RMSE is 0.512 which is quite promising to inspire that the proposed methodology and architecture can best fit the short-term solar power forecasting applications.

Оценивание состояния воздушной линии переменного тока методом релинеаризации

As is well known, dispatch control centers receive information about the electric power system operation mode from a supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) and phasor measurement units (PMU) in the form of remote measurements and remote signals. The remote measurements contain information on the power system operating parameters, and remote signals contain information on the positions of switching equipment. The controlled facility state estimation problem is conventionally solved using iteration methods because the system of state equations is nonlinear in nature. The application of the Kipnis-Shamir method makes it possible to transform the nonlinear system of algebraic equations into a linear system in a non-iterative manner by replacing quadratic state variables, after which the obtained linear system is solved parametrically. By applying a second transformation of variables, the system of algebraic equations is transformed into a second system of linear equations, after which the solution of this system and the quadratic system of linear equations, and, hence, also the initial system of nonlinear equations are found. The application of the non-iterative approach is considered on the example of estimating the state of a 500 kV overhead power line.

Методика построения интегральных показателей комплексной оценки свойств узлов электроэнергетических систем

The problem of selecting the electric power system control nodes is studied. By performing control of these modes, matters concerned with providing reliable power supply of the required quality to consumers can be settled in the most efficient manner. As an example, a fragment of the electric power system mathematical model used in the Finist mode-setting simulator for a power system dispatch control center operator is considered, which represents a highly branched electrical network consisting of eleven 110 kV nodes, three 220 kV nodes connected with the system, and two generator nodes. A new procedure for selecting the control nodes is proposed, which takes into account a combination of different indicators having different measurement units, dimensions and scales is proposed. These indicators characterize the following properties of power system nodes: the reactive power fraction absorbed at a node, the sensitivity of voltage to reactive load variations, the number of connected power lines, and statistical indicators characterizing the change of voltage at the nodes and reactive power flows for different options of installing the reactive power compensation devices. For combined use of these indicators, they were ranked according to the efficiency of installing reactive power compensation devices in the system. For each indicator, a scale of five ranks (intervals) is set, which determine the preferences (qualitative judgments) of the researcher in evaluating the reactive power compensation devices installation efficiency at the system nodes. The highest rank (5) corresponds to the maximum efficiency, and the lowest rank (1) corresponds to the minimum efficiency. To calculate the individual (integral) priority indicator of installing reactive power compensation devices, the ranks of indicators are added together, and their sum is divided by the product of the number of ranks by the number of the used indicators (features). Based on the calculation results, the rating (location) of each node is determined, and the nodes for installing the reactive power compensation devices are selected according to their effect on ensuring the electric power system operation reliability, active power losses in the network, and voltage regulation. Thus, a new procedure is presented for determining the integral indicators for comprehensively estimating the properties of complex electric power system nodes and selecting the controlled nodes using a system of various indicators. These indicators characterize the studied nodes in terms of the efficiency of installing reactive power compensation devices to reduce active power losses in the network, voltage regulation, and ensuring the electric power system operational reliability. The validity of the results obtained in the study is confirmed by their comparison with the indicators of the balance-conductivity method, which has proven itself in solving problems connected with determining the nodes for controlling electric power system operation modes.

Research and Implementation of The Fault Information System FOR Relay Protection Based on Cloud Computing Technology

With the continuous development of smart grid technology, it is of great engineering application value and urgent practical demand to collect and manage more intelligently the operation and fault information of relay protection in 110kV and below substation. With the introduction of “cloud computing” technology, a cloud platform of fault information with good expansibility, high stability, loose coupling, strong reusability and convenient maintenance could be built up, which is the core of the system construction. In order to make full use of the existing data network channels and network resources in 110kV substation, a fault information system of relay protection, with its sub-station modeling and communication management, is presented based on “cloud computing” technology to realize a more efficient and convenient relay protection exchange between 110kV substation and the dispatching control center.

Neutral Current Reduction in Three-Phase Four-Wire Distribution Feeders by Optimal Phase Arrangement Based on a Full-Scale Net Load Model Derived from the FTU Data

An increase in the neutral current results in a malfunction of the low energy over current (LCO) protective relay and raises the neutral-to-ground voltage in three-phase, four-wire radial distribution feeders. Thus, the key point for mitigating its effect is to keep the current under a specific level. The most common approach for reducing the neutral current caused by the inherent imbalance of distribution feeders is to rearrange the phase connection between the distribution transformers and the load tapped-off points by using the metaheuristics algorithms. However, the primary task is to obtain the effective load data for phase rearrangement; otherwise, the outcomes would not be worthy of practical application. In this paper, the effective load data can be received from the feeder terminal unit (FTU) installed along the feeder of Taipower. The net load data consisting of customers’ power consumption and the power generation of distributed energy resources (DERs) were measured and transmitted to the feeder dispatch control center (FDCC). This paper proposes a method of establishing the equivalent full-scale net load model based on FTU data format, and the long short-term memory (LSTM) was adopted for monthly load forecasting. Furthermore, the full-scale net load model was built by the monthly per hour load data. Next, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was applied to rearrange the phase connection of the distribution transformers with the aim of minimizing the neutral current. The outcomes of this paper are helpful for the optimal setting of the limit current of the LCO relay and to avoid its malfunction. Furthermore, the proposed method can also improve the three-phase imbalance of distribution feeders, thus reducing extra power loss and increasing the operating efficiency of three-phase induction motors.

Non-Iterative estimation of the AC overhead line state by relinearization method

Information about the current mode of the electric power system (EPS) is received by the dispatch control centers in the form of telemetry and tele-signals by the SCADA complexes, and from phasor measurement units (PMU) devices. Tele-measurements include information about the mode parameters, and the state of the switching equipment. Since the system of equation of state is nonlinear, the problem of state estimation is traditionally solved using iterative methods. This article presents the results of solving the state estimation problem using a method based on the Kipnis-Shamir re-linearization method, which allows solving it by non-iterative method. The results of the solution are given on the example of a power transmission line with 500 kV voltage.

A New Modeling Approach for Power Grid Online Analysis

Abstract A new modeling approach for power grid online analysis is proposed to support the realization of a new online analysis system architecture. The model-driven software development, automatic code generation, and in-memory computing techniques are employed in the modeling approach. Data source adapters are developed for the integration of the model with the existing EMS system. A large-scale power grid online network data model (~40K-bus) is used for the model performance testing in a Lab environment. The proposed modeling approach was used to develop a new online analysis application, which was deployed and running in a provincial grid dispatching control center. The Lab and field performance measurement shows that the modeling approach-based application can achieve second-order end-to-end responsiveness.

Study on the Development Direction of Power Grid Dispatching Technical Support System

In order to ensure the safe, stable operation of Guangzhou power grid to meet the large city power grid requirements, reached the international advanced level, to realize the transformation of Guangzhou electric power dispatching control center strategy and control mode, it requires the construction of a new generation of intelligent dispatching technical support system. This paper analyzes the current situation and development of Guangzhou power grid. Based on the rapid development of smart grid technology and information technology, this paper puts forward the development direction of power grid dispatching technology support system. It also puts forward the construction work of reasonable planning, makes clear about construction content and technical support system to meet the overall business needs “integration of regulation and control, the integration of main distribution network, market-oriented support”. And we make theoretical exploration and practice and accumulated experience for the new generation of power dispatching intelligent technical support system development.

The Research of Power Secondary Anti-disoperation Function in Dispatching Control Center Based on The Mode of Full Remote Control and Integrated Dispatching and Control

In the dispatching control center, the integration of dispatching control and anti-disoperation is realized. The key technologies include building and displaying the secondary anti-disoperation model, establishing the anti-disoperation model interaction process, and forming the second anti-disoperation judgment logic in the dispatching control center. These research results can ensure the safety of the primary equipment operation to the cold standby, and the safety of the secondary equipment remote control operation, and also enrich the remote monitoring information of unattended substation. It provides a feasible scheme to solve the anti-disoperation risk based on the mode of full remote control and integrated dispatching and control.

The Research on Management Mode of Regional Distribution Network

Big Run" system construction is a major change in network operation mode, a new mode of distribution network in the regulation of business was placed under a unified power dispatch control center. In order to protect the "big run" a new system of distribution network under the smooth development of the business, in all the work involved in the distribution network, the primary network management standards extends to the distribution network, enhanced distribution network run technical support, regulate distribution network regulation related to business management, improve the management level of the grid with standardized operation, guarantee safe and stable operation of the distribution network.

A Methodology and Modelling Technique for Taxi Path Optimization

Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a typical combinatorial optimization problem. A new type of bionic algorithm-ant colony algorithm is very appropriate to solve Vehicle Routing Problem because of its positive feedback, robustness, parallel computing and collaboration features. In view of the taxi route optimization problem, this article raised the issue of the control of the taxi, by using the Geographic Information System (GIS), through the establishment of the SMS platform and reasonable taxi dispatch control center, combining ant colony algorithm to find the most nearest no-load taxi from the passenger, and giving the no-load taxi the best path to the passenger. Finally this paper use Ant Colony laboratory to give the simulation. By using this way of control, taxis can avoid the no-load problem effectively, so that the human and material resources can also achieve savings.

Application of Tele-Ultrasound in Emergency Medical Services

In emergency medical services, portable ultrasound scanners have the potential to become new-age stethoscopes for emergency physicians. For trauma cases in particular, portable ultrasound scanners can scan the chest and abdomen of emergency patients both rapidly and conveniently. This study describes the development of tele-ultrasound for pre-diagnosis in a medical emergency setting as a part of the updated Mobile Hospital Emergency Medical System (MHEMS). An emergency medical technician can provide an emergency physician with a patient's ultrasound images and medical information during the patient's pre-hospitalization and transportation period using a combination of the MHEMS, the portable ultrasound scanner, and the onboard 3G communication capabilities. The MHEMS includes a Dispatch and Mission Control Center that facilitates the communication between the Emergency Department of a specified hospital, the systems aboard the ambulance. Early receipt of information relevant to the patient will enhance pre-diagnosis options for on-duty emergency physicians and allow for a hospital's emergency department to promptly prepare necessary surgical instruments or beds. Furthermore, emergency medical technicians can also obtain instructions from on-duty physicians to enhance damage and disaster control ability in critical moments.

Practical implementation of the SCADA+AGC/ED system of the Hunan power pool in the central China power network

To accomplish the dispatching automation of the Hunan Power Pool (HPP), a supervisory control and data acquisition and automatic generation control/economic dispatch (SCADA+AGC/ED) system supplied by Systems Control in the USA was imported by the Hunan Power Dispatch Control Center. In December 1990 the practical implementation acceptance test for the new system was completed. The new system is the first system completed to use closed loop control of AGC in the power pools of China. This paper reviews the background of developing the new system, and describes implementation schemes and operation tests of AGC. At the same time, the Constant Net Interchange (CNI) mode of AGC in the HPP is also discussed in detail, and finally the economic benefits and the improved operation quality after AGC is in operation are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Dispatch Control Center Human Factors???Revisited A report prepared for the Power Control Center Working Group, the Current Operational Problems Working Group, and the System Operations Subcommittee of the Power System Engineering Committee

This paper is one of a series prepared for use in Current Operational Problems (COPs) forums with the goal of focusing the attention of the industry on high priority problems faced by those who are involved in the actual operation of power systems. The following five ``short note reports'' provide viewpoints on human factors considerations in electric utility dispatch control centers. The short notes focus on human factors from the points of view of power system operation information management, information presentation, and stress indentification and alleviation. A common denominator in the first four short note papers is stress in system operations. The fifth paper discusses what to do to overcome stressful situations in system operations. The short note reports presented here are intended to clarify the nature of operational concerns and problems. It is the objective of COPs forums to solicit discussion and stimulate others to devise responsive solutions.