Dispatch Work Research Articles

Analysis of Spatial Clustering Patterns of Fire Misidentification Through Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis: Focusing on Gyeongsangbuk-do

In fire departments with a high number of false fire dispatches, firefighters’ work stress is expected to be high because of excessive dispatch work. Therefore, after analyzing the spatial clustering pattern of the study area, we examined whether the opening and deployment of fire departments in the area was efficient and appropriate. Global Moran’s I analysis confirmed that there was spatial autocorrelation between the Gyeongsangbuk-do regions. Through local Moran’s I and hotspot (Getis-Ord’s Gi*) analysis, regions with high and low frequencies of fire misreporting were derived. Examination of the opening and deployment of firefighters in the region suggested that regions with a high average number of dispatches to the 119 Safety Center need to increase the number of firefighters, and that regions where the 119 Safety Center is concentrated should prepare measures to disperse firefighting forces to the surrounding regions.

A new intelligent hybrid forecasting method for power load considering uncertainty

Accurate load forecasting plays an important role in promoting low-carbon energy and high-quality utilization of electricity, as well as carbon reduction and safety in energy and power systems. The complexity of power system trends leads to widespread uncertainty in load forecasting. This article analyzes the internal mechanisms of load and meteorological factors at the level of multidimensional uncertainty and proposes a bidirectional memory feature hybrid model based on a new intelligent optimization method. The VMD optimized by gray wolf decomposes the electricity load data into different information modal components. The decomposed components are statistically analyzed with multidimensional uncertainty analysis to extract statistical patterns. The GTO part is optimized according to the fitness value to update the population and global optimal solution. Furthermore, convolutional neural networks (CNN) are used to extract potential features from load and meteorological data and enhance the correlation between input and output data. Then, short-term load forecasting is realized by using bi-directional short-term memory neural network (BiLSTM). The results show that the proposed model has smaller errors than several commonly used models, and has higher prediction accuracy. It can provide some new ideas for relevant departments to carry out power economic dispatch work in low-carbon modes.

The main problems and defects of the medical care on prehospital stage for patients with acute cerebrovascular accident in Stavropol

The purpose of the study was to identify the care provision defects on prehospital stage in patients with stroke in order to improve the quality of care for this category of patients. Objectives of the research: to study the frequency of hospitalization the patients with suspected stroke, depending on gender and age; to evaluate the efficiency of the ambulance team’s departure to the patient and the timing of the patient’s delivery to the hospital; to assess the quality of diagnosis and drug therapy at the prehospital stage. Materials and methods. The analysis of statistical observation forms No. 30, form № 109/y, accounting form № 110/y Stavropol Regional Clinical Emergency Medical Station, as well as case histories of patients with stroke in City Clinical Hospital No. 3, Stavropol, from 2016 to 2020. Results. A retrospective analysis of accounting and statistical documents of the Ambulance in a five-year period showed a fairly high efficiency in the work of dispatchers – 74.3 % of correct interviewing of patients to identify risk categories; ambulance crew within the framework of efficiency indicators – the time to reach the specialized department in Stavropol was 44 ± 4.1 minutes. However, the analysis of case histories of the ICU revealed violations in the observance of the algorithm for providing medical care to patients with stroke, in the form of: lack of protection of the upper respiratory tract and maintenance of adequate oxygenation — 43 cases (93.4 %); poorly correctable OSHF at the prehospital stage — 12 cases (14.5 %); non-compliance with the algorithm for examining a patient with stroke at the prehospital stage – 11 (13.2 %); lack of provision of adequate venous access – 9 (10.8 %) cases. Conclusion. The revealed defects of the prehospital stage contributed to the worsening of acute cerebral insufficiency, changes in the volume of the lesion, increased dislocation of brain structures, and in some cases led to daily mortality.

Optimization of the length of dispatching polygon sections railways

The article deals with the organization of work of the dispatcher’s office on directions with a high intensity of mixed cargo and passenger traffic. The North Caucasus Railway, which serves the ports of the Azov-Black Sea basin of Russia, and its main busy routes, was chosen as the research site. A methodological approach to determining the length of dispatching sections at the railway landfill within the framework of the Road Traffic Control Center has been developed. At the initial stage of studying the content of the work of train dispatchers, the algorithms developed by the authors are used solving operational management tasks. The analysis of non-optimal actions of the train dispatcher that cause losses in the transportation process is used further to develop a method for estimating losses in operators of problem algorithms based on the interval estimation method by solving a linear programming problem. As a result, based on the assessment of the capabilities of the operational personnel of the railway polygon of the road and the technological cost of delays in movement due to its suboptimal actions, a methodological approach is proposed to determine the length of dispatching sections that provide regulatory control, load level of the dispatcher device.

Distance assistance for first aid in trauma: literature review and a draft of the dispatcher algorithm

Being a common cause of death and disability, injuries remain a highly relevant global public health problem. In Russia, injuries hold one of the leading positions in the structure of mortality of the population, causing significant social and economic losses for the country. While the likelihood of saving lives and preventing severe complications in injuries largely depends on the ability of witnesses of the incident to early and correctly provide first aid (FA) to the victims, the actual frequency of providing FA remains low. A promising way to involve untrained people in the process of providing FA is to remotely instruct witnesses of the incident by emergency dispatchers on how to give FA. This article discusses international experience of dispatcher assistance for FA in trauma and presents a draft of a universal Russian-language algorithm for remote dispatcher interviewing and advising witnesses of the incident on provision of FA in trauma, that was developed taking into account the current Russian and international guidelines. The algorithm is proposed for further appraisal and implementation in the practical work of emergency dispatchers as a basic component of the federal program of dispatcher assistance for FA.

DEVELOPING SOFTWARE TO SOLVE CERTAIN PROBLEMS OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENT

In modern conditions of intensifying competition in consumer markets, stable operation of enterprises is ensured by the implementation of strategies for maximum satisfaction of consumer demand for goods and related services. Planning such strategies requires improvements in various enterprise systems, in particular, the inventory management system based on the rationalization and optimization of product flows, use of appropriate models and methods for these tasks. Every company strives to satisfy the customer at the highest possible level. This task requires a significant investment in inventory. At the same time, an equally important task is to find new opportunities to reduce all types of costs and increase profits, therefore, from the point of view of finance, the ideal state is when there is no stock while the production needs of the company are met in full. But such a situation is absolutely impossible in real conditions. In order to work as efficiently as possible and reach acceptable financial indicators, it is necessary to effectively manage inventory stock at the enterprise. An essential feature of inventory modeling process is uncertainty in real conditions, which is associated with the inaccuracy or incompleteness of information about demand, supply, time delays of ordered goods, product spoilage and other parameters of the logistics system. This necessitates an effective inventory management mechanism in conditions of uncertainty. Solving this problem requires calculation of exact date and quantity of each subsequent order. Most modern software packages for inventory management are quite difficult to understand or require large financial expenses. In addition, most practical applications are designed for deterministic parameters of demand and production schedule. In fact, demand has a high level of uncertainty, which requires improved algorithms using stochastic theory of inventory management. Thus, a number of issues related to this field still remain unresolved or incompletely resolved. Most publications consider the classic toolkit with some well-known modifications. However, classic models are quite difficult to apply in in real life because the ideal conditions are difficult to achieve in practice. The models do not take into account the limitations imposed by internal and external factors. Based on this, we have created software that would perform the required task. The final product of the research is a software product that enables warehouse operators and managers to optimize drafting a schedule of production inventory deliveries in conditions of demand uncertainty, as well as controlling deliveries based on an economic-mathematical model of inventory management in conditions of demand uncertainty. The software is able to determine the optimal period of delivery of several types of resources, total costs for storage and ordering, the effect of the obtained savings, speeding up and simplifying the dispatcher's work.

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of APTS Dispatcher Working Level Based on Cloud Model

Many cities in China have built an advanced public transportation system (APTS) in recent years. These systems cannot carry out automated dispatches but rely on the dispatcher to ensure normal operations. Based on the theory of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, this study created a hierarchical evaluation model to evaluate the work level of the dispatcher. Firstly, a hierarchical evaluation system was established based on the data of line complexity and dispatch workload provided by the APTS. Secondly, we assigned the weight of the evaluating indicator by combing an expert scoring method and the entropy weight method. We then transformed the quantitative data into qualitative evaluation data with a cloud model. Through a comparison with the standard cloud, the work level of an APTS dispatcher can be defined. The evaluation results for 12 cities in China showed that there was no obvious connection between the working level and bus company size, but the work level was always higher in large cities. We finally obtained the standard range of the evaluation indicator through cluster analysis. This method can be used as a reference to evaluate the work level of dispatchers in other cities, and can reflect the correlation between the work level and dispatching system construction, population and city size.

ADAPTATION OF SITUATIONAL MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES FOR USE IN AUTOMATED DISPATCHING PROCESSES IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT

The article presents a schematic algorithm that shows the sequence of the dispatcher's work on the analysis of the automated dispatching management of the city public transport, the process of studying the contents of the movement, as well as the elimination of any inconvenience (increased waiting time for passengers, the implementation of an inefficient movement procedure, Traffic Safety).

Determination of short circuit location in the electric railway traction

This article discusses the problem of improving the accuracy of determining the location of a short circuit in the AC railways traction networks. Finding a short circuit can take several hours. An urgent task is reducing the time to search for a fault location. The purpose of the study is to develop a method that increases the accuracy of determining the location of a short circuit in AC traction networks. The method is based on computer modeling of inhomogeneities in the structure of the traction network and the arc. The proposed method makes it possible to take into account the arc resistance. The method was tested on the traction network active section. The error of the method is 200-300 meters. The method can find practical application in the work of dispatchers.

Privacy Protection Method of Electric Power Network Based on Blockchain

In order to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of power data in the era of big data, it is very important to protect the privacy of smart grid data information. Analyzing electricity big data can obtain electricity consumption habits of electricity users to guide the formulation of power supply plans. This experiment uses an asymmetric encryption algorithm. The encryption and decryption of the asymmetric encryption algorithm use two different keys to fully guarantee the security of the blockchain system. The experiment is based on the blockchain technology in photovoltaic microgrid electricity trading, which belongs to the current type of trading, which is divided into five stages. The service provider is a node of the blockchain system. All smart contracts are encrypted by the private key of both parties in the transaction and the public key of the service provider, which fully guarantees the privacy of users. The experimental data shows that the smart contract is decrypted by the private key and the public key of both parties, so as to obtain the relevant information of the transaction and make the corresponding power dispatch work during the transaction period.The blockchain system solves the security and privacy issues of both parties in the absence of a third-party intermediary. Therefore, the use of blockchain technology can achieve a higher degree of automation for point-to-point power transactions.

Исследование соответствия информационных процессов и зрения специалистов в системах с высокой профессиональной информативной нагрузкой

In our age of high speeds, the human body receives a very heavy load on the organs of vision, thereby increasing the likelihood of deterioration in their work. As a result, people lose their vision, they distinguish simple and complex objects worse, spend more time recognizing signs, symbols, letters that they previously saw and distinguished much faster and easier. For most professions, this circumstance is not critical, but there are a number of areas of human activity where the visual factor is of paramount importance. First of all, this applies to the work on monitoring equipment that dispatchers, operators and controllers are associated with. Working under constant visual stress requires a high motor activity of the oculomotor system, visual acuity and high cognitive abilities. Thus, an important task is to identify and constantly monitor visual reflexes of dispatchers operating in conditions of high visual and information load. There are many different methods and means that are aimed at determining the acuity of a person's vision. But most of them are presented in the form of paper diagrams and pictures, which does not allow for a comprehensive assessment of the state of visual acuity. Thus, the aim of the study is to develop a technology for analyzing the correspondence of information processes and the operation of the visual system among specialists with a high professional information load. To determine information components of the operator's work cycle, the information field was represented in the form of a matrix of elements in which each element is assigned its own weight, which determines the importance of the information process located at a given point in the operator's information field. To accurately determine visual acuity, a test object and a corresponding table for visometry were selected. A study of the conformity between information processes and vision of specialists in systems with a high professional information load was carried out using the developed specialized software. The developed software is based on scaling and measuring the response time to changes in the position of the diagnostic test object. The software allows you to store and edit data, perform their statistical analysis and sorting. The program has several research modes, namely determining the location of a small circle of the optotype and reducing it, as well as recording the response time of the subject to changes in the position and size of the optotype. Thus, we get an accurate picture of the space-time abilities of the visual system of the dispatcher in accordance with information processes in his professional activity. The developed specialized software is synchronized with the matrix of importance of information processes, allows monitoring the state of the visual system of specialists with a high professional information load and creating an information space that is the most optimal and adapted to the visual apparatus of dispatchers and operators. Experimental studies of the developed technique were carried out. The developed method will significantly reduce the risk of errors and inaccuracies in the work of dispatchers and operators, which is of significant importance for the country's economy, since any error can affect a huge number of people and production processes. In addition, the software allows you to keep statistics of data and indicators and enter them into a single information base, which will facilitate the examination in the future and provide an opportunity to track the dynamics of pathologies. The results obtained during the study can be widely used in various areas of production with a high information load.

Calling the Police: Dispatchers as Important Interpreters and Manufacturers of Calls for Service Data

Abstract Policing has historically been conceptualized as a team sport which requires the work of many to produce the output of one. Although police officers have been the focus of much policing research, it is important to recognize that the work of officers hinges upon the work of dispatchers. As a lifeline for both citizens and police officers, dispatchers play an integral role in ensuring that help is provided where help is required via their management of the emergency (911) telephone and radio system. Despite their importance, however, dispatchers have largely been excluded from mainstream criminological scholarship. Supplemented by a narrative review of the scant literature on the subject of dispatching, this commentary illustrates the important role of dispatchers in policing operations, theorizes the dearth of research regarding dispatchers, and calls for future research to better understand their discretionary and interpretive work. This commentary thus casts light on these highly important but understudied and undertheorized figures in the policing nexus.

Distributed ecosystem of voice communications for air traffic control system

One of the critical elements of air traffic control (ATC) systems is the ground-to-air voice communications system. The work of ATC dispatchers is provided by main and standby radios. Each radio station is a monoblock that performs all the functions of radio communication. Modern radios have a modular structure. Their architecture consists of structurally independent modules. With such architecture, redundancy of radios can be carried out not at the level of the device as a whole, but at the level of its individual modules. In this case, the communication ecosystem takes the form of a cyber-physical environment. The homogeneous modules of all radio stations form a multi-level cloud system. By connecting modules of various levels, a virtual radio station is formed during communication session. The channel reliability of the communication system for two architectures of connecting redundant modules in a virtual environment providing ground-to-air ATC voice radio communication is considered: structure with individual switch for each standby module of the group, and structure with common switch for all standby modules of the group. The conditions for choosing the most effective of the considered architectures ac-cording to the reliability criterion are determined.

Map Use in Transit Control Centers: Mapping geographic information flows

Map Use in Transit Control Centers: Mapping geographic information flows

Managing variability: a cognitive ethnography of the work of airline dispatchers

Airline dispatchers’ workflow is often described in broad terms like ‘flight planning’ and ‘flight following.’ Such high-level descriptions fail to recognize the number and complexity of tasks involved in these activities. An ethnographic study was conducted at three US airlines to understand the cognitive workload involved in flight planning. Fuel planning was identified as one of five key flight planning tasks. Fuel planning was conducted concurrently with other planning and monitoring tasks which often led to interruptions. Planning fuel was dynamic, with re-calculations required whenever other factors varied. This rework increased workload and opportunities for error while reducing efficiency. Beyond route changes, four main factors contributed variability to fuel planning: contingency planning, load planning, pilots, and station operations. Strategies for managing variability included pattern identification, use of buffers, rounding up, and leveraging software tools. Software design often added workload by forcing dispatchers to attend to low level tasks.

The Relationship Between Frequency of Injuries and Workplace Environment in Korea: Focus on Shift Work and Workplace Environmental Factors.

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shift work on occupational safety in various industrial sectors. The study analyzes the effects of shift work on the health of workers by considering factors such as the workplace environment and welfare.MethodsFocusing on the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey, this study used an ordinary least-square multiple regression analysis. The dependent variable was the annual frequency of injuries reported by workers. Independent variables were categorized as demographic, shift work, workplace environment, and welfare variables. The analysis was conducted on two levels: 1) Shift work and nonshift work groups were compared, and 2) Shift work was compared with fixed and rotating shifts.ResultsFor the entire group, age, a low level of education, work hours, and daily and dispatch work negatively impacted the frequency of injuries. Shift work was negatively affected by workplace environment and welfare factors. In the shift group, the frequency of injuries was lower than that of regular workers, and the higher the autonomy in the choice of work hours, the lower the frequency of injuries. Furthermore, shift workers in Korea have more extended work hours (49.25 h/week) than other workers (46.34 h/week).ConclusionOverall, welfare factors such as workplace satisfaction and work–life balance reduced the frequency of injuries. The effect of shift work was limited, but it was confirmed that shift worker autonomy could reduce the frequency of injuries.

Dispatch Work in China: A Study from Case Records, Part II

On the basis of case records from Xinjiang and Shanghai between 2013 and 2016, this article examines how dispatch work law has changed in practice and in theory during that period. It demonstrates that in using dispatch agencies as legal “protective shields” to dispose of obligations to workers, the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have behaved much as what the case records from 2012 used in my earlier study (Part I) showed. What has changed is that public institutions and large private enterprises have followed the example of the SOEs to reduce old personnel as well as to hire new personnel through dispatch work. The new cases also show that, within that overall trend, the courts have tried to tighten their regulation of dispatch agencies, especially with respect to obligations for social insurance and compensation for unilateral dismissal of workers. At the same time, dispatch agencies (along with enterprises) have adopted some countermeasures to deal with the new pressures, especially by signing only short-term contracts and rotating a worker among different agencies. Even so, as far as the “black hole” in legal theory and practice is concerned—of an artificially constructed separation of the worker’s person from his or her work—managerial abuses, especially with respect to overtime and vacation work and unilateral termination of workers by enterprises, have continued apace with little restraint from the courts. The situation cries out for stronger reform.

中国的非正规经济再思考:一个来自社会经济史与法律史视角的导论

This article presents an updated overview of China’s “informal economy,” based mainly on social-economic and legal history, and attempts to clarify its conceptual origins, composition, nature, size, and changes in the past thirty-five years. Special attention is paid to the rise of “dispatch work” and of the “new generation peasant workers” in the past decade. The article then introduces and discusses the content and issues raised by the six articles and two commentaries of the symposium, “China’s Informal Economy, Reconsidered.” The focus is on how China’s “informal economy” is different from or the same as the older category of “the proletariat” and the newer category of “the precariat.” 本文从社会经济史与法律史的视角对中国的非正经济进行更新了的综述,试图澄清其概念起源,以及其构成、性质、规模和近三十五年中的变化。文章特别关注到最近十来年中“劳务派遣”以及“新生代农民工”的兴起。然后,文章介绍了本专辑“中国非正规经济——再思考”所纳入的六篇论文和两篇点评,主要关注的问题是中国的“非正规经济”和之前被广泛使用的“无产阶级”以及新近被使用的“危难工人”(precariat)两个范畴之间的异同。 (This article is in English.)

Dispatch Work in China: A Study from Case Records, Part I

This article employs all basic-level court cases adjudged in 2012 involving “labor disputes” over “dispatch work” 劳务派遣 (in the Supreme People’s Court’s large database of court judgments) to clarify the practical and theoretical implications of the new legal category of “dispatch work relationships” 劳务关系, as opposed to the old-style “labor relationships” 劳动关系. The article examines also disputes between the new dispatch agencies and the workers they contract with to clarify how that dispatch-agency-to-workers-relationship is different both from the new “dispatch work relationship” and the old “labor relationship” between enterprises and their workers. These comparisons of the three different kinds of work relationships bring to light a black hole in labor law theory and practice, related to its construction of a severing of contracting from management and of the laborer’s “person” from the laborer’s “work.” The article concludes by placing dispatch work into the context of the globalized social and legal history of labor.

The problem of medical dispatchers' responsibility functioning in the emergency medical services system.

Deaths due to inappropriate functioning of the emergency medical services system, as recently described by Polish mass media, has drawn the attention of society to the activities of medical dispatchers. Legal regulations impose obligations on those persons associated with receiving phone calls and dispensing appropriate emergency medical teams. In this paper an analysis of chosen medicolegal opinions from the practice of the Department of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Toxicology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, towards malpractices committed by dispatchers of EMS, was performed. The authors analysed 12 of medicolegal opinions, issued from 2007 to 2012 by a team of experts. The errors noted in the work of dispatchers consisted of delays in giving appropriate assistance due to the inability to properly converse, a propensity to downplay patients' symptoms, and dispatchers crossing their own competences. The problem may be resolved by the subsidy of EMS, fine-tuning the algorithms for conduct, and proper education of both staff and public.