Disparities In Levels Of Development Research Articles

Regional Convergence in Agricultural Sector Growth in North-eastern Rajasthan

The present study is an attempt to analyse the district-level disparity in agriculture sector development in north-eastern Rajasthan across 11 districts. To measure the regional disparities and identify the factors underlying the convergence or divergence in agriculture sector development the coefficient of variation (CV) and agriculture development index have been computed. District-wise agricultural development index (ADI) has been constructed for two cross-section years 2005–2006 and 2017–2018, and districts have been classified into three development categories on the basis of values of indices. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been used. To identify the factors and their impact underlying the convergence or divergence in agriculture sector development, the multiple regression technique has been applied. The study finds wide disparities in level of development in agriculture sector across the districts. However, disparities have reduced during the period 2005–2006 to 2017–2018. The study suggests that policymakers should stress on irrigation facilities, farm inputs supply, road connectivity and R&D in agricultural inputs for raising the agriculture sector productivity and income in less-developed districts. Committed and well-planned measures on the part of the policymakers are needed if the development policy is to be made truly inclusive in the state.

Dynamics of inter-district developmental disparities in Haryana

The present study deals with the development disparities in districts of Haryana according to their level of development. The study utilized data over three points of time, viz. 1991-92, 2001-02, and 2011-12. Assessment of development in agricultural, industrial, infrastructural and socio-economic sectors has been studied using composite indices based on forty indicators. Out of the forty indicators, 19 were directly concerned with agricultural development, 4, 8 and 9 respectively reflected the progress of development in industrial, infrastructural, and socio-economic sectors. Sector-wise indices were combined to obtain weighted index for the overall development. The study indicated wide disparities in level of development among districts of Haryana in all the periods of study.The district of Mahendragarh lagged behind in almost all the sectors considered for this study. The districts of Faridabad and Gurgaon lagged behind in agriculture while the district of Karnal excelled in agriculture in all the three periods. The districts of Ambala, Faridabad and Gurgaon ranked first in overall development in 1991-92, 2001-02 and 2011-12, respectively, whereas Mahendragarh ranked last in 1991-92 and 2001-02 and the newly formed district Mewat in 2011-12. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to study relationships among sectoral developments. Kruskal Wallis test indicated significant changes in development level of industry and infrastructure sectors over the periods 1991-92, 2001-02 and 2011-12.

Foreign aid on economic growth in Africa: A comparison of low and middle-income countries

Previous empirical studies on the effects of foreign aid on economic growth have generated mixed results that make it difficult to draw policy recommendations. The main reason for such mixed results is the choice of a single aggregate list of countries, regardless of the disparities in levels of development. This study therefore fills the development gap by disaggregating the African data into a panel of 20 middle- income and 19 low- income African countries over a period of 15 years between 1995 and 2010, and employing a dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) model to address the dynamic nature of economic growth as well as the problems of endogeneity. The results of this study support the theoretical hypothesis that a positive relationship between aid and GDP growth exists, but only for low-income African countries, not middle-income ones. On the other hand, the study reveals that middle- income African countries tend to experience a greater impact on their economic growth from foreign direct investment (FDI) and natural resources revenues, mainly oil exports. This implies that the frequent criticism that foreign aid has not contributed to economic growth is flawed, at least in the case of low-income African countries. In fact, foreign aid has played a critical role in stimulating economic growth in such countries through supplementing domestic sources of finance such as savings, thus increasing the amount of investment and capital stock in them.

Foreign aid on economic growth in Africa : a comparison of low and middle-income countries

Previous empirical studies on the effects of foreign aid on economic growth have generated mixed results that make it difficult to draw policy recommendations. The main reason for such mixed results is the choice of a single aggregate list of countries, regardless of the disparities in levels of development. This study therefore fills the development gap by disaggregating the African data into a panel of 20 middle- income and 19 low- income African countries over a period of 15 years between 1995 and 2010, and employing a dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) model to address the dynamic nature of economic growth as well as the problems of endogeneity. The results of this study support the theoretical hypothesis that a positive relationship between aid and GDP growth exists, but only for low-income African countries, not middle-income ones. On the other hand, the study reveals that middle- income African countries tend to experience a greater impact on their economic growth from foreign direct investment (FDI) and natural resources revenues, mainly oil exports. This implies that the frequent criticism that foreign aid has not contributed to economic growth is flawed, at least in the case of low-income African countries. In fact, foreign aid has played a critical role in stimulating economic growth in such countries through supplementing domestic sources of finance such as savings, thus increasing the amount of investment and capital stock in them.

Regionalizacija u okviru Evropske unije

The goal of regionalization is multifaceted - political, developmental, economic, historical, cultural, demographic setting. From the standpoint of the European Union, the goal of regionalization is punching the border barrier between the states and the liberation of capital flows, labor, and information. It is evident that the regionalization in this context is seen as a form of better governance and its contents, or as an instrument of control and establishing a balance between regional disparities, and smoother intraallocation of resources. The European Union attaches great importance of joint regional policy of the member states of the integration. The regional policy is one of the fundamental policies of the European Union, which aims to strengthen economic and social cohesion by reducing disparities in levels of development between countries and regions in Europe. Regional Policy of the European Union provides the kind of opportunities and possibilities for regional development of member states. To what extent these policies contribute to the regional development of each country, largely depends on how much the member states and their regions manage the chance to take advantage of the right way. Choice model of regionalization is specificum each country, and in this respect we can say that there is only one, single, universal model that could be applicable in each country. In this paper, at the same time, data classification regions in the European Union (NUTS classification) and gives a brief overview of the region in the approximation Community. At the same time, considering the experience of some European countries in the process of regionalization.

Inter-State disparities in levels of development and the implications of economic liberalization on regional economies of India

Inter-State disparities in levels of development and the implications of economic liberalization on regional economies of India

Integrated regional development planning: Linking urban centres and rural areas in Bolivia

Highly polarized settlement systems in developing countries reflect and tend to reinforce strong disparities in levels of development between the largest city and other regions and between urban centres and their hinterlands in rural regions. Integrated regional development planning seeks to create a more diffuse and articulated system of settlements in order to diversify the services and facilities available to rural residents, increase their access to town-based markets, new sources of agricultural inputs and non-agricultural employment opportunities, and to provide guidelines for sectoral investment and location decisions. One approach to integrated regional development planning — ‘Urban Functions in Rural Development’ - was tested in the Department of Potosi, Bolivia, and its results provide insights not only into the methodology of analysis but also into the complex relationships among rural development, patterns of human settlement and processes of spatial interaction.

Indicators of development and data availability: The case of the PQLI

The Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) has received considerable attention in recent years as a readily available composite indicator of development. While the discussion of the merits of the PQLI has thus far focused primarily on its methodology, this paper shows that potentially an equally serious problem is a lack of comparability across countries of the underlying data, since the literacy rates used in the calculation of the PQLI were drawn from years ranging from 1946 to 1973. As a result, in a number of cases differences in reported PQLIs reflect not a fundamental disparity in level of development but only a lack of comparability of the data.