Disorders Of Voluntary Muscle Research Articles

Influenza A (H1N1) induced-myopathy: an important extrapulmonary complication

Skeletal or voluntary muscles represent, in the aggregate, approximately 40 to 45% of the weight of our body. Regarding the prominence and visibility of muscle function, disorders of voluntary muscles would be immediately apparent. However, disorders of the muscular system, the myopathies, in some cases, may go undiagnosed for long periods. Even when myopathy is considered and a diagnosis is made, the assessment of its course and the clinical state of the affected individual may at times be difficult to delineate with precision, even when an inflammatory myopathy is considered1. The inflammatory myopathies constitute a heterogeneous and large group of disorders, and they are the most common form of acquired myopathies. Some are focal and confined to one muscle or group of muscles, while others are widespread and involve the limb and axial muscles in a multifocal fashion. The inflammatory myopathies may be further classified etiologically into those that occur due to a known infective organism (viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic) and the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, whose etiology is uncertain, but in many of which there is strong evidence that the muscle damage is immunogically mediated2. Despite the existence of several types of virus inflammatory myopathy (virus myositis) in animals, the occurrence of this type of infective muscle inflammation in man has had an uncertain status. Influenza A and B viruses can cause widespread outbreaks of human disease with devastating consequences. Influenza A viruses are classified based on the characteristics of two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (H1 to H15), and neuraminidase (N1 to N9). All subtypes have been detected in viruses recovered from aquatic birds, which are the natural reservoir for influenza viruses. So far, only H1, H2, and H3 and N1 and N2 are associated with large-scale influenza outbreaks among humans. The WHO recently declared that the novel influenza H1N1 virus was responsible for the 2009 flu pandemic. As the virus continues to spread globally and affect more individuals, more complications of this virus infection are being recognized. In 1896, Leichtenstern first described the association as ‘muscular neuralgias’ affecting the back, thighs, and calves of patients3. Influenza-associated myopathy has been a well-known phenomenon, mainly in pediatric patients, but it has been rarely reported in adults. Most cases are described during large influenza epidemics. Isolated cases and small clusters of influenza A (H1N1)-induced myocarditis, alone or in conjunction with pericarditis or rhabdomyolysis, have been reported. A severe necrotizing myopathy with myoglobinuria has rarely been reported in influenza4-8. Although, in a recent prospective cohort study of 152 patients in England, measurement of cardiac troponins I and T to detect myocardial injury was used, none of the 12% of patients with elevated creatine kinase levels had evidence of cardiac involvement, suggesting that rhabdomyolysis is more common than myocarditis9. The pathogenesis of this influenza A form of myopathy is uncertain. Direct invasion of the muscle by the virus has been postulated, and the susceptibility of human muscle to the virus was demonstrated in tissue culture10. However, convincing evidence of viral invasion in vivo remains to be presented. Skeletal-muscle biopsies generally do not reveal direct viral infection. In patients with severe myalgia in the calves and with high creatine kinase (CK), degenerative Federal University of Sao Paulo – Paulista School of Medicine (UNIFESP/EPM), Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery – Division of Neuromuscular Disorders, Sao Paulo SP, Brazil.

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle, 8th EditionDisorders of Voluntary Muscle, 8th EditionKarpatiG.Hilton-JonesD.BushbyK.GriggsR.536 pp., Cambridge University Press, 2010, $275

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle, 8th Edition G. Karpati, D. Hilton-Jones, K. Bushby, R. Griggs. 536 pp., Cambridge University Press, 2010, $275 This is a new edition of a longstanding text on muscle diseases. The editorial roster and contributing authors have changed over time and include outstanding pathologists and clinicians. Note is made of the unexpected death of the senior editor, George Karpati. The stated goal of the book is providing up-to-date information by experienced authors dealing with practical aspects of muscle disease that …

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle

George Karpati, David Hilton-Jones, Robert C. Griggs (eds): Disorders of voluntary muscle, 7th edition

George Karpati, David Hilton-Jones, Robert C. Griggs (eds): Disorders of voluntary muscle, 7th edition

DISORDERS OF VOLUNTARY MUSCLE. 2001. Seventh edition. Edited by George Karpati, David Hilton-Jones and Robert C. Griggs. Published by Cambridge University Press. 775 pages. C$346.00 approx.

DISORDERS OF VOLUNTARY MUSCLE. 2001. Seventh edition. Edited by George Karpati, David Hilton-Jones and Robert C. Griggs. Published by Cambridge University Press. 775 pages. C$346.00 approx. - Volume 29 Issue 3

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle, 7th ed

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle, 7th ed

Drug-Induced Rhabdomyolysis

The syndrome of rhabdomyolysis is the result of skeletalmuscle injury that alters the integrity of the sarcolemmaand leads to the eventual release of intracellular contentsinto the plasma. The causes are diverse, and includemuscle trauma (for instance, from vigorous exercise, crushinjuries, battering, or seizures), inadequate bloodperfusion, heat stroke, electrolyte imbalance, hereditaryenzyme deficiencies, infections and ingestion of drugs andtoxins. Various serious medical disorders, particularlythose resulting in states of disordered energy production,are also associated with rhabdomyolysis.In general, drug toxicity involves organs, such as thekidney, liver, gastrointestinal tract and the central nervoussystem, with skeletal muscle being usually less readilyaffected. Although drug-induced rhabdomyolysis wasuncommon in the past, it is no longer rare, due to theintroduction of more and increasingly potent drugs intoclinical practice.The incidence of drug-induced rhabdomyolysis isuncertain, largely because most of it is unreported.Similarly, the mortality rates are unknown. However, ithas been suggested that rhabdomyolysis from all causesleads to 5%-25% of cases of acute renal failure.

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:Disorders of Voluntary Muscle (6th Edition) Churchill LivingstoneCurrent Concepts in Parkinson's Disease Research Hogrefe & HuberMedical Neurosciences (3rd Edition) Churchill LivingstoneRegulation of Cellular Signal Transduction Pathways by Desensitisation and Amplification (Molecular Pharmacology of Cell Regulation Volume 3)Wiley

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle. 6th Edition. 1994. Edited by J.N. Walton, G. Karpati and D. Hilton-Jones. Published by Churchill Livingstone. 1171 pages. $C 180.00.

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Disorders of Voluntary Muscle, 6th Ed.

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle, 6th Ed.

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle (5th Ed.)

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle (5th Ed.)

Introduction to Clinical Neuroscience

<h3>Disorders of Voluntary Muscle,</h3> edited by Sir John Walton, 5th ed, 1166 pp, with illus, $195, New York, NY, Churchill Livingstone, 1988. <i>Introduction to Clinical Neuroscience</i>is a concise, clearly stated, and well-organized book that provides an introduction to neuroanatomy and neurophysiology and the ways in which disturbances of these give rise to disease. The book is organized along anatomic principles with chapters on the disturbances of communication and perception, consciousness, and behavior, as well as the autonomic nervous system, special senses, motor system, sensory system, metabolism, and cerebrospinal fluid. It provides in 280-plus pages an excellent introduction to disorders of nervous system function as they present through clinical signs and symptoms. The brevity of the book is an advantage. Dr Walton's lucid and concise style allows him to cover a great deal of information in few words. The references to other, general texts and to some seminal articles are

Disorders of voluntary muscle (5th ed) Edited by Sir John Wallon, Churchill Livingstorte, New York, 1988, 1166 pp, $195.00

Disorders of voluntary muscle (5th ed) Edited by Sir John Wallon, Churchill Livingstorte, New York, 1988, 1166 pp, $195.00

The New Harvard Guide to Psychiatry. Edited by A. M. NicholiJr. (Pp. 860; illustrated; £31.95.) Harvard University Press: London. 1988. - Companion to Psychiatric Studies. Edited by R. E. Kendell and A. K. Zeally. (Pp. 828; illustrated; £42.50.) Churchill Livingstone: Edinburgh. 1988. - Basic Forensic Psychiatry. M. Faulk. (Pp. 350; £17.50 pb.) Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford. 1988. - Organic Psychiatry,

The New Harvard Guide to Psychiatry. Edited by A. M. NicholiJr. (Pp. 860; illustrated; £31.95.) Harvard University Press: London. 1988. - Companion to Psychiatric Studies. Edited by R. E. Kendell and A. K. Zeally. (Pp. 828; illustrated; £42.50.) Churchill Livingstone: Edinburgh. 1988. - Basic Forensic Psychiatry. M. Faulk. (Pp. 350; £17.50 pb.) Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford. 1988. - Organic Psychiatry,

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle, Ed. 4

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle, Ed. 4

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle

ABSTRACT Walton's Disorders of Voluntary Muscle, like Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine or the Davis-Christopher Textbook of Surgery, become a classic in its field.This fourth edition (the first was published in 1964, the third six years ago) is a welcome response to the almost exponential growth of the investigation of neuromuscular disease over the past five years and, like all of Professor Walton's publications, reflects a high standard of excellence, both in conception and execution.The present volume undergone numerous alterations and modifications. Its format is totally different from the previous edition. This has allowed extensive revision and restructuring of many of the chapters, with complete rewriting of others. Also new is a short section on the involvement of human muscle by parasites, as well as a chapter on drug-induced neuromuscular disorders.Like its first edition, this book is aimed primarily at the clinician, whether he be a

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle

Disorders of Voluntary Muscle

Hypotheses and recent findings concerning aetiology and pathogenesis of the muscular dystrophies.

The survey reports recent findings and current hypotheses on the aetiology and pathogenesis of the muscular dystrophies. Briefly presented are (1) biochemical anomalies of structure and metabolism, (2) membrane defects, (3) the neural hypothesis, (4) the vascular hypothesis, and (5) the connective tissue hypothesis. At present, research interest is focused primarily on membrane structure and biochemistry, on neural muscle trophism, and on the genetic aspects of abnormalities in molecular biology. Whether the progressive muscular dystrophies are primary disorders of voluntary muscle or whether the primary alteration is located outside of the muscle still remains unknown.