Disorders In Nurses Research Articles

Anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder in nurses exposed to horizontal violence: a network analysis

BackgroundHorizontal violence can cause serious mental health problems for nurses, particularly anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. However, the intrinsic linkage mechanism between mental symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder in nurses exposed to horizontal violence is unclear. This study aims to elucidate the characteristics of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder networks among nurses with horizontal violence exposure.MethodsData for this cross-sectional study were obtained from the baseline portion of a short longitudinal survey conducted at four tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province, China. A total of 510 nurses with horizontal violence exposure completed the General Information Scale, the Negative Acts Questionnaire, the Seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, the Nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Four-item SPAN. The network model was constructed using network analysis. The expected influence and the bridge expected influence of nodes were calculated. The stability and accuracy of the network were estimated.ResultsThe results show that A4 (Trouble relaxing) and P1 (Startle) had the highest expected influence in the network. D9 (Suicidality ideation) and A5 (Restlessness) were the key bridge symptoms.Conclusions“Trouble relaxing”, “Startle”, “Suicidality ideation”, and “Restlessness” are all mental symptoms that need to be urgently improved the most in nurses exposed to horizontal violence. Nursing administrators and policymakers should implement mental health intervention programs for these symptoms as early as possible to maximize nurses’ mental health.

PHOTOVOICE: A STRATEGY FOR IDENTIFY NURSE'S SELF-PERCEPTION OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL RISKS

The People's self-concept contributes to their sense of identity, and if associated with methods that promote the involvement of participants, we develop knowledge that promotes causes and social change. Introduction: In recent decades, the scientific community has identified a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in nurses, as a result of work processes, high physical demands, workspaces, and the emotional and sometimes stressful association of clinical contexts. Obstetric nurses, due to their specific work, have been a group that has been little studied and, above all, little involved in research processes. Research Objective: This study aims to identify the self-perception of Obstetric nurses regarding daily activities in the labour context, which are self-perceived as high risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Methodology: A qualitative approach was used, utilising an empowering research method - Photovoice. Twenty who work full time in the delivery room took part. Photographic records were presented by the Obstetric nurses and their self-perceptions were shared through interviews. The interviews and photographs were then transcribed, analysed and categorised. Results: The average number of years as a Obstetric nurses was 14.4 years, but with 24.8 years working as a nurse. Twenty-two work activities with a potential risk to health were photographically recorded.

Inter- and intra-observer reliability of the Ergonomic Screening and Prioritization Tool to assess the risk level of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in nurses

Introduction: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are among the most common occupational diseases, and ergonomics and occupational health engineering specialists need reliable and valid methods for assessing high-risk activities and the factors contributing to their occurrence. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 nurses employed at Namazi Hospital in Shiraz were randomly selected. Data was collected using a demographic/occupational questionnaire, Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA), and the Ergonomics Screening and Prioritizing Tool (ESPT). Three observers simultaneously assessed the risk of developing MSDs for each job duty. After a six-month interval, the same observers re-evaluated the same group of nurses in the same work Postures. To assess the reliability of ESPT between and within observers, the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and the Kappa Multi-rater Fleiss method were used. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 26. Results: The results of the study showed a high agreement between each observer as well as between the three observers before and after six months. The ICC for observers 1, 2, and 3 were respectively 0.951, 0.947, and 0.927, and also between each of the three observers for the first and second time respectively 0.955 and 0.941. Conclusion: The ESPT has been shown to possess high reliability for assessing the risk of developing MSDs among nurses, and it can be used for this purpose.

Working conditions and common mental disorders in nurses facing Covid-19

Introduction: The Coronavirus disease pandemic represents the biggest public health emergency faced globally in decades, with repercussions on the mental health of nursing professionals. Aims: This study analyzed working conditions and their impact on the mental health of nurses facing COVID-19. Methods: A total of 192 nurses answered an electronic questionnaire. Screening for Common Mental Disorders (CMD) was performed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), and associations between the dependent and independent variables were tested. Results: The prevalence of suspected CMD was 53.1%, and this outcome was associated with female gender (p<0.005), insufficient personal protective equipment in quantity and quality (p<0.006), insufficient biosafety standards (p<0.045), being at risk of transmitting COVID-19 (p<0.001), and having a family member with COVID-19 symptoms (p<0.029). Discussion and Conclusions: The study demonstrates the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses' mental health and reinforces the need for psychological support for health workers.

The Relationship between Quality of Work Life and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study

The Relationship between Quality of Work Life and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study

Psychological Condition of Nurses in the Aftermath of COVID-19 - Indonesian Nurses’ Perspective

Background: COVID-19 is a global pandemic that strikes various groups, including nurses. Nurses are the health workers who are most exposed to COVID-19. Besides causing physical symptoms, COVID-19 also brings psychological symptoms, which need to be studied more deeply. The purpose of this study was to investigate post-covid psychological impact on nurses from the perspective of Indonesian nurses. Methods: This study was conducted using a descriptive approach on 187 nurses working in health services in Lamongan Regency who were exposed to COVID-19 and selected by purposive sampling. Psychological conditions studied included depression, which was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); anxiety, measured by general anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7); and insomnia, measured by the Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI). The data was collected from June to July 2022 using a Google form and analyzed descriptively.Results: The results showed that 55.1% of nurses were female, 87.7% were aged 22-45 years, 73.8% worked in hospitals, 87.2% worked in health services for more than 20 years, 81.8% smoked, and 18.2% were hospitalized when exposed to COVID-19. The results showed that 31.6% of nurses experienced mild to severe anxiety, 32.1% experienced mild to severe depression, and 9.1% experienced insomnia.Conclusion: Psychological symptoms experienced by nurses after being exposed to COVID-19 included anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Psychosocial stress factors and or pathophysiology of viral infections may trigger psychological disorders. Future researchers are recommended to examine further the factors contributing to psychological disorders in nurses and how long nurses experience post-covid psychological disorders.

Use of Patient Transfer Aids to Reduce the Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Nurses in the Emergency Department: Literature Reviews

Introduction: Nurses in emergency installations have a job that has a high risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders due to their workload. An activity that is often carried out by nurses is transferring patients, where this activity has the potential risk of increasing physical burden and musculoskeletal injuries on nurses. The effort to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in nurses is by using patient transfer aids. The aim of this study is to determine the use of patient transfer aids to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in nurses in the emergency department. Method: The method used is a literature review with six databases (Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, CINAHL, ProQuest, and PubMed) in January 2024. Research design inclusion criteria in this study include cohort studies, case reports, research and development, RCTs, descriptive correlational studies, and experimental studies. Articles published in 2017–2023 in English involving a population of nurses and/or health workers who carry out patient transfers. Data analysis was carried out using the researcher's critical thinking and PRISMA. Results: The use of patient transfer aids will reduce nurses' workload and reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Various types of patient transfer aids can be used, such as sliding sheets or slides, friction-reduction sheets, glide sheets, ergonomic belts, air-assisted transfer devices, lift velocities, motorized patient transfer devices, and prototype patient transfer aids. Conclusion: Patient transfer aids can significantly reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in nurses in the emergency department.

Mental health disparities between physicians and nurses: Analyzing the impact of occupational stress and work environment fitness using random forest algorithm

BackgroundThe impact of occupational stress and work environment fitness on mental health disparities between physicians and nurses are not well understood. This study aims to identify and rank key determinants of mental health in physicians and nurses in China and compare the differences in their impact on mental health between physicians and nurses. MethodsA large cross-sectional survey with multistage cluster sampling was conducted. The survey included the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS Scale), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D Scale), the Maslach Burnout Inventory–General Survey (MBI-GS) and the Person-Environment (PE) Fit. We applied a principled, machine learning-based variable selection algorithm, using random forests, to identify and rank the determinants of the mental health in physicians and nurses. ResultsIn our study, we analyzed a sample of 9964 healthcare workers, and 2729 (27 %) were physicians. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders among physicians and nurses was 31.0 % and 53.3 %, 30.8 % and 47.9 %, respectively. Among physicians with anxiety disorder, we observed a higher likelihood of cynicism, emotional exhaustion, reduced personal accomplishment, and poor organization fitness, job fitness, group fitness, and supervisor fitness, in order of importance. When comparing the effects on depressive disorder in physicians, group fitness and supervisor fitness did not have significant impacts. For nurses, emotional exhaustion had a more significant effect on depressive disorder compared to cynicism. Supervisor fitness did not have a significant impact on anxiety disorder in nurses. LimitationsCross-sectional design, self-reporting screening scales. ConclusionsCompared to individual and hospital characteristics, the primary factors influencing mental health disorders are occupational burnout and the compatibility of the work environment. Additionally, the key determinants of depressive and anxiety disorders among doctors and nurses exhibit slight variations. Employing machine learning methods proves beneficial for identifying determinants of mental health disorders among physicians and nurses in China. These findings could help improve policymaking aimed at addressing the mental well-being of healthcare professionals.

Review on Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Nurses and Sweepers

Introduction: Studying the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in health care professionals like nurses and sweepers is important because it helps us to understand the impact of their work on their physical health by identifying the common disorders and risk factors. Aim: To find out prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in nurses and sweepers. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted on nurses and sweepers. We searched PubMed, Google-Scholar and selected crosssectional population- based or cohort study that provide a view on work-related musculoskeletal disorders among nurses and sweepers. Results: Work Related musculoskeletal disorders prevalence augmenting. The occupational activities such as lifting, carrying, pulling and pushing the dustbin (cleaners) leads to muscular Harman, BPT Student, Department of Physiotherapy, CSHS, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India. Neha, BPT Student, Department of Physiotherapy, CSHS, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India. Gurleen Kaur, BPT Student, Department of Physiotherapy, CSHS, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India. Arpit Bansal, Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, CSHS, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India. Review on Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Nurses and Sweepers Abstract ID-UG 13 strain. Female sweepers complaints of body pain (93.33%), pain in shoulder (91.67%), arm (85%), hand/wrist (83.33%) due to repetitive job which require heavy physical effort needed in carrying out. In nurses, most vulnerable anatomical sites of WRMSD are vertebral column (45.70%), followed by shoulder (23.50%), neck (28.50%), knee, ankle and feet (20%). Physical demand of nursing profession are bending and twisting movement. Conclusion: Description of the 15 studies located during this review had either measured the prevalence of MSD or reported on the possible risk factors for the MSD among nurses and sweepers. Implication: It is important to raise awareness about ergonomics, provide training on proper body mechanics.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among nurses of Jinnah Hospital Lahore

Introduction: Nursing is a professionally challenging and stressful job and nurses are at high risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among nurses of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, which was selected using a convenient sampling technique. A questionnaire comprised of demographic data, risk factors, psychological factors and the Nordic scale, was distributed among 100 nurses. One hundred nurses returned a filled questionnaire response rate of 100 percent. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistics IBM 23. Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in nurses of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore was eighty four percent and the most common site being the lower back 69% followed by shoulders 64%, neck 60% and ankle 56%. Married and morning shift nurses were more prone to MSDs and seventy percent of them were between the age limit of 21 to 30 years. Psychological factors affecting nurses are overburdening (91%), having less break periods (87%) and poor working environment (77%). Standing position (93%), Repetition of work (84%) and holding patients while shifting patients (55%) are the most important risk factors. Conclusions: A high proportion of nurses reported MSDs at some body sites in their occupational life with lower back injuries the most. Education programs on prevention of musculoskeletal disorders are recommended for nurses in order to reduce the risk of MSDs and promote patients care.

Workplace violence and psychoneurological symptoms in nurses

Abstract For nurses, workplace violence (WV) is a serious occupational hazard. WV and occupational stress are inversely correlated. Sleep issues and headaches are early cognitive indicators of distress. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the frequency of verbal or physical abuse directed against nurses and investigate the link between WV and headaches and sleep issues. 550 nurses and nursing assistants (445 female, 80.9%; mean age 48.0±9.98 years) were asked to complete a standard questionnaire that included the Violent Incident Form (VIF), which asked about violent episodes experienced, the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), which asked about headaches, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) about sleep quality, and the effort/reward imbalance questionnaire (ERI) about occupational stress. 7.5% of employees reported experiencing physical violence in the preceding year, while 17.5% reported non-physical violence. Workers who encountered violence had a higher risk of headaches and sleep issues in univariate logistic regression models. The connection between physical violence and headache remained significant after controlling for sex, age, work type, and ERI (adjusted odds ratio aOR= 2.25; confidence interval CI95%=1.11;4.57). In a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for sex, age, job type, and ERI, all types of WV were substantially linked to poor sleep (aOR= 2.35 CI95%= 1.44;3.85). Additionally, the effects of headaches and the quality of sleep were linked to WV. The incidence of long-lasting psychoneurological symptoms, such as headaches and poor sleep, that interfere with work ability of nurses and patients’ safety, may be decreased with WV prophylaxis. Key messages • Workplace violence is associated with headache and sleep disturbances in nurses. • Prevention of workplace violence could reduce neuropsychological disorders in nurses.

Risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder in nurses from the regional medical alliance during the COVID-19 epidemic: A prospective cross-sectional study

Mental health issues among nursing professionals have been increasingly reported during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, there is a paucity of research on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among nurses working in Medical Alliances. In this study, we aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with PTSD in the Regional Medical Alliance (MA) in Shantou (China) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 1286 nurses from four MA hospitals participated in the study from February to March 2020. Our findings revealed that the incidences of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders among nurses from MA were 15.6%, 35.5%, 18.3%, and 36.4%, respectively. Moreover, PTSD was positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. In addition, the results of logistic regression analysis showed that working in a tertiary hospital, older age, more severe depression, more severe anxiety, and prevalent sleep disorders were independent risk factors for PTSD among nurses. Therefore, mental health interventions targeting high-risk nurses in MA with an incidence of PTSD are urgently needed.

Factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder in nurses after directly caring for COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundNurses are particularly at risk of suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) owing to their overwhelming workload, risk of infection, and lack of knowledge about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). PTSD negatively affects an individual’s health, work performance, and patient safety. This study aims to assess factors related to PTSD among nurses after providing direct care to COVID-19 patients.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis aimed at identifying factors influencing PTSD among nurses who provided direct care to COVID-19 patients. Data from 168 nurses, collected between October and November 2020, were analyzed. The independent variables were personal, interpersonal, and organizational and COVID-19-related factors (experience of quarantine and direct care of COVID-19 patients), and the dependent variables were PTSD symptoms evaluated based on the PTSD Checklist-5. The nurses’ experience of direct care for COVID-19 patients in the designated COVID-19 isolation wards during the first wave of the pandemic (February 2020 to May 2020) was included.ResultsAmong the nurses, 18.5% exhibited symptoms of PTSD. When providing direct care to a patient in the designated COVID-19 isolation ward, nurses witnessing the death of a patient (p = .001), low level of nurse staffing (p = .008), and inconvenience of electronic health records programs (p = .034) were associated with PTSD symptoms. The experience of quarantine owing to COVID-19 was also associated with PTSD symptoms (p = .034). Additionally, the higher the nurse managers’ ability, leadership, and support of nurses in the current ward, the higher the possibility of lowering nurses’ PTSD symptoms (p = .006).ConclusionsGovernments and hospitals should prepare and implement organizational intervention programs to improve nurse managers’ leadership, nurse staffing levels, and electronic health records programs. Additionally, because nurses who have witnessed the death of a COVID-19 patient or are self-isolating are vulnerable to PTSD, psychological support should be provided.

The Relationship Between Respondents’ Characteristics and Nurses’ Burnout in Caring Covid-19 Patients

Covid-19 causes fear, worry, fatigue, and post-traumatic stress disorder in nurses who are frontline staff in hospitals. Based on a survey at a hospital nurses felt burnout in caring for the covid-19 patients due to lack of rest, lack of concentration when providing nursing care, and physical burnout caused by an increase in patients with COVID-19. This study aims to determine the association between respondent characteristics and nurses’ burnout while in caring for covid-19 patients.This research used a correlation quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was a total sampling of 52 nurses who work at private hospitals in western Indonesia. Data analysis was bivariate with the Pearson chi-square test. The research questionnaire used a subjective questionnaire self-rating test from the industrial fatigue research committee Japan (IFRC). The chi-square test resulted that the variables were not related in caring for covid-19 patients, which is age (p-value = 0.414), gender (p-value = 0.404), education (p-value = 0.069), and marital status (p-value = 0.429). Burnout can occur from several factors such as workload, shift, and work environment. This result can imply for nurses to arrange a time to rest and better scheduling. Nursing managers can also reduce burnout by rewarding, motivating, foster a sense of community in the workplace, and creating a comfortable environment for nurses. Keywords: Burnout, Nurse, Fear, Stress Disorder, Post-Traumatic, Covid-19

0148 Early Diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Nurses based on Physical Behavior and Sleep Actigraphy using Machine Learning

Abstract Introduction Disturbances in sleep/wake patterns and circadian rhythms are common in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Nurses are one population particularly susceptible to both sleep/circadian disruption and PTSD, given they frequently engage in shift work and experience high occupational stress. However, the specific types of sleep and circadian disruptions in PTSD have not been identified in nurses using validated measures of sleep, limiting potential intervention efforts. Methods To address this gap, we developed a machine learning algorithm for calculating risk of PTSD in nurses based on sleep, light, and physical activity patterns derived from actigraphy, in conjunction with inflammatory biomarkers. Participants were 392 nurses (mean age = 39.54, 92% female, 78% White) recruited from two Dallas-area hospitals for a larger longitudinal study on sleep and vaccine response. At baseline, nurses reported on demographics and PTSD symptoms using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Nurses were categorized as having probable PTSD if they reported scores >31 on the PCL-5. Nurses wore actigraphy devices for two weeks to track sleep/wake, activity counts, and light exposure. In the middle of the two-week period, nurses also had a blood draw to determine inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1 beta (IL-1β), and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10). Results 4.7% of nurses met criteria for probable PTSD. Using the actigraphy and inflammatory biomarker data, a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) was developed to detect PTSD risk. Furthermore the Ridge Classifier was tested using activity counts, light exposure, and sleep/wake data to obtain an accuracy score of 0.97 and an F1 score (ranging between 0 and 1) of 0.96, indicating that the model was able to balance and maximize precision and determine PTSD risk successfully. Conclusion Using a novel machine learning algorithm, we show that actigraphy data can be used to accurately and non-invasively detect PTSD risk among nurses. Although additional validation is needed, results tentatively highlight the utility of harnessing real-time data to inform just-in-time adaptive interventions for PTSD among nurses. Given the essential role nurses play in the healthcare system, finding ways to support their well-being is of critical public health importance. Support (if any) NIH/NIAID R01AI128359

Combating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Nurses by Improving Sleep

Combating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Nurses by Improving Sleep

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of frontline healthcare workers in a highly affected region in Brazil

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs), especially in low and middle-income countries, which had to face additional political, social, and economic challenges. We thus aimed to assess the prevalence of mental health outcomes and the associated factors in HCWs treating COVID-19 patients in one of the most affected regions in Brazil.MethodsWe used the Respondent-Driven Sampling method to assess the risks of COVID-19 infection and symptoms of mental disorders in nurses, nursing technicians, and physicians who worked on the frontline in the metropolitan region of Recife. 865 healthcare workers completed a survey regarding sociodemographic data, work-related risks, and symptoms of mental disorders - SRQ-20 for common mental disorders (CMD); AUDIT-C for problematic alcohol use; GAD-7 for anxiety; PHQ-9 for depression; PCL-5 for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Gile’s successive sampling estimator was used to produce the weighted estimates by professional category. A Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to analyze factors associated with a positive screening for CMD. We will present the results of a cross-sectional analysis of the mental health outcomes after the first peak of COVID-19 – from August 2020 to February 2021.ResultsThe prevalence ratios for a positive screening for CMD were 34.9% (95% CI: 27.8–41.9) in nurses, 28.6% (95% CI: 21.3–36.0) in physicians, and 26.6% (95% CI: 16.8–36.5) in nursing technicians. Nurses presented a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (23%). Positive screening for problematic alcohol use (10.5 to14.0%), anxiety (10.4 to 13.3%), and PTSD (3.3 to 4.4%) were similar between the professional categories. The main factors associated with CMD in nurses and physicians were related to an intrinsic susceptibility to mental illness, such as previous or family history of psychiatric disorder, and female sex. Among nurse technicians, work-related factors, such as accidents with biological material, presented the strongest association with CMD.ConclusionThe mental health of HCWs fighting COVID-19 in Recife was severely affected. It is crucial that healthcare services provide adequate working conditions and psychological support, investing in programs to promote and protect HCWs mental health.

Relationship Between Occupational Stress and Sleep Disorders of Nurses in a Hospital in Sari, Iran

Background and Objective Nursing is a stressful occupation. The quality of nursing care plays an important role in improving patients’ conditions. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between occupational stress and sleep disorders in nurses working in a hospital in Sari, Iran. Materials & Methods This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 196 nurses of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, who were selected by random sampling method method. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 20. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The results showed a significant relationship between sleep disorders and occupational stress (R=0.43; P<0.05). Occupational stressors had a significant role in predicting the sleep disorders (P<0.05). Sleep disorders of nurses were significantly different in terms of work shifts (P<0.05), where nurses working the night shift had higher sleep disorders than those with other work shifts. Conclusion There is a significant relationship between occupational stress and sleep disorders of nurses in the study hospital in Sari. Sleep disorders of nurses are significantly different based on the work shifts. The role of occupational stressors in predicting the sleep disorders of nurses are significantly different.

Occupational Burnout & Sleep Disorder in Nurses During the Pandemic COVID-19

Occupational Burnout & Sleep Disorder in Nurses During the Pandemic COVID-19

The Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Nurses with COVID-19 Burnout: A Quasi-Experimental Study

The Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Nurses with COVID-19 Burnout: A Quasi-Experimental Study