Disorder In Prepubertal Children Research Articles

Bipolar Type I Disorder in Children

Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is a clinical disorder that causes publicmental health problems that need attention. In the last decade, bipolar disorder inchildren and adolescents has become a trendy field, both in the clinical area and inresearch, especially in terms of diagnosis, which is still controversial. The controversythat remains is whether it is possible to diagnose bipolar disorder in prepubertalchildren. Based on the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of the bipolardisorder in children scarce rare. Epidemiological studies report the lifetimeprevalence of bipolar I and II disorders in late adolescence is about 1 per cent. Variousstudies in a large population have shown a prevalence rate of 0.1% -2%. The onsetof bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is often accompanied by a more severedisease course, compared to bipolar disorder with onset in adulthood. This casereport presents a case of bipolar 1 in children accompanied by comprehensivemanagement.

Bipolar Type I Disorder in Children

Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is a clinical disorder that causes public mental health problems that need attention. In the last decade, bipolar disorder in children and adolescents has become a trendy field, both in the clinical area and in research, especially in terms of diagnosis, which is still controversial. The controversy that remains is whether it is possible to diagnose bipolar disorder in prepubertal children. Based on the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of the bipolar disorder in children scarce rare. Epidemiological studies report the lifetime prevalence of bipolar I and II disorders in late adolescence is about 1 per cent. Various studies in a large population have shown a prevalence rate of 0.1% -2%. The onset of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is often accompanied by a more severe disease course, compared to bipolar disorder with onset in adulthood. This case report presents a case of bipolar 1 in children accompanied by comprehensive management.

DMDD AND BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER: IN SEARCH OF THE MISSING LINK

Youths with DMDD are at high risk for developing depressive disorders as adults. A key question is whether DMDD can be considered as an expression of depressive disorder in prepubertal children and, therefore, be treated as such. Besides, DMDD shares many clinical features with borderline personality disorder (BPD), such as intense feelings of anger and difficulty managing negative emotions.

Debate: No bipolar disorder in prepubertal children at high familial risk.

The rise in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) prevalence rates and the related treatment regimen has an impact on a whole generation of severely affected young children. In Europe, we also see these emotional dysregulated children with a broad range of explosive disruptive behavior. However, classification within the bipolar disorder spectrum is rare. Why are these prepubertal children diagnosed with mania and how does this fit with the findings from bipolar offspring studies? Impact of methods of assessment, recruitment, and parental diagnoses are discussed.

The association of visuospatial working memory with dysthymic disorder in pre-pubertal children

The association of visuospatial working memory with dysthymic disorder in pre-pubertal children

The association of visuospatial working memory with dysthymic disorder in pre-pubertal children

Visuospatial working memory (VSWM) deficits have not been investigated specifically in children with dysthymic disorder (DD), although they are associated with impairments in attention that commonly occur in DD. This study investigates VSWM impairment in children with DD. A cross-sectional study of VSWM in 6- to 12-year-old children with medication-naive DD (n=26) compared to an age-, gender- and 'performance IQ' (PIQ)-matched healthy control group (n=28) was completed. The DD group demonstrated impairment in VSWM, including impairment in the spatial span and strategy components of VSWM. Furthermore, the VSWM impairment remained after controlling for spatial span. Inattentive symptoms were significantly associated with the VSWM impairment. This study of children with DD found deficits in performance on VSWM tasks, suggesting that fronto-striatal-parietal neural networks that underlie processes of attention and the executive component of VSWM are dysfunctional in children with DD. These findings further our understanding of DD and suggest more specific interventions that might improve functioning.

Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents.

There is increased recognition that bipolar disorder has an early age of onset. The prevalence of bipolar disorder in prepubertal children has not been determined, however the prevalence in adolescence is approximately 1%. Bipolar disorder in children poses a diagnostic challenge since the symptoms may differ from those in late adolescence and adulthood. Comorbid disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, further complicate both the diagnosis and course of the disorder. There is increasing evidence of the chronicity and severity of this disorder in youths. Bipolar disorder significantly disrupts a child's psychosocial development including impairments in academic functioning, family functioning, and relationship with peers. Although this disorder has significant morbidity in children and adolescents, there is a paucity of controlled studies to assess the efficacy and safety of mood stabilizers in the treatment of this disorder in youths. The treatment literature consists largely of case studies, retrospective chart reviews, and open-label studies. There is a compelling need for double-blind, placebo-controlled trials to determine whether commonly used medications to treat this disorder are significantly superior to placebo. Since many children in clinical practice require more than one psychotropic medication to adequately manage this disorder, studies of combination treatments are warranted. This review will provide an overview of the literature of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents, including discussion of the prevalence, diagnosis, epidemiology, course of the illness, and treatment issues.

Treatment of early onset bipolar disorder, NOS with low dose Carbamazepine.

This report describes the presentation, monitoring and successful treatment of an eight year old girl with bipolar disorder, NOS (not otherwise specified), with low dose carbamazepine. The difficulties of diagnosing and managing bipolar disorder in prepubertal children are discussed.

National Institute of Mental Health Research Roundtable on Prepubertal Bipolar Disorder

A research roundtable meeting was convened at the National Institute of Mental Health on April 27, 2000, to discuss the existing controversial areas in the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in prepubertal children. Invited clinicians and researchers with expertise on bipolar disorder in children were asked to share and discuss their perspectives on diagnostic issues for bipolar disorder in prepubertal children. The group reached agreement that diagnosis of bipolar disorder in prepubertal children is possible with currently available psychiatric assessment instruments. In addition to phenotypes that fit DSM-IV criteria for bipolar I and bipolar II, participants agreed on the existence of other phenotypic possibilities that do not meet diagnostic criteria. Bipolar not otherwise specified (NOS) was recommended as a "working diagnosis" for the non-DSM-IV phenotype. Bipolar disorder exists and can be diagnosed in prepubertal children. In children who present with both the DSM-lV and non-DSM-IV phenotypes (i.e., those given a diagnosis of bipolar-NOS), assessment should include careful evaluation of all behaviors that are impairing. Moreover, these children should be monitored systematically to explore stability and change over time in diagnosis and impairment.

A rose is a rose is a rose

This young man presented initially and repeatedly over a period of twenty years with symptoms of irritability, depressed and withdrawn mood, impulsivity, out-of-control behavior, and suicidal ideation and behavior. These symptoms occurred with disabling intensity at ages 3 year, 6 1/2 years, and 8 1/2 years, when he had not yet been adequately diagnosed and treated with appropriate psychopharmacology. Symptoms re-occurred in early adulthood after medication had been discontinued by the patient. While he had symptoms characteristic of ADHD before age seven, these were present episodically and only in the context of significant mood disturbance and behavior disruption, which were more characteristic of mood disorder than oppositional behavior associated with ADHD. His reaction to stimulants alone was significant. His response to Ritalin suggested dysphoria and/or neurovegetative slowing. On Dexedrine, he developed frank visual hallucinations. Both reactions can be typically seen in youths with underlying mood or psychotic disorders. This patient's symptoms and their repeated occurrence, in the face of significant family history of mood disorder, demonstrate the utility of DSM-IV criteria and longitudinal history taking in making the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in prepubertal children.

Diagnosis of Panic Disorder in Prepubertal Children

Few reports on panic disorder in children are available, despite the retrospectively documented onset in childhood of about 20% of the cases of adult panic disorder. The authors report on six prepubertal children, aged 8 to 13 years, who met DSM-III-R criteria for adult-type panic disorder. Hyperthyroidism, cardiologic, and respiratory problems were excluded as well as abuse of caffeine or other drugs. The first panic attack occurred between 5 to 11 years of age, with an average interval of 3 years between onset of the disorder and diagnosis. Mitral valve prolapse was documented in two cases. Family history was always positive for panic disorder. Although not common, panic disorder should be considered in children with school phobia and positive family history. As it is in adults, mitral valve prolapse may be associated with panic disorder in children.

Multiple Somatic Complaints and Possible Somatization Disorder in Prepubertal Children

Five prepubertal children reported enough somatic symptoms during a structured interview to warrant consideration of a diagnosis of somatization disorder by DSM-III and Feighner criteria. Compared to 13 children with anxiety or affective disorders and 7 with conduct disorder, these 5 had significantly more somatic symptoms from significantly more symptom groups than the others. They reported more pseudoneurologic symptoms and subjectively were thought to present more hysterical features clinically. Some of the difficulties in making the diagnosis are discussed, with suggestions for further research. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry , 24, 5:603–607, 1985.