Disease In Army Research Articles

20세기 초 일본 군대의 성병관리

This study examines how prevalent an effect sexually transmitted diseases in modern times had on the Japanese army and how the Japanese government tried to manage them. After the Meiji Restoration, sexually transmitted diseases in the Japanese army, which had waged war every ten years, was viewed as a serious problem in connection with the decline in military power. The Meiji government, which had pursued a national policy of being prosperous and strong, analyzed that the reason for the continued decrease in the number of soldiers who were exempted from and evaded military service. However, as war broke out, the problem of the number of soldiers became bigger in infectious diseases and sexually transmitted diseases of soldiers. Therefore, the Ministry of the Army analyzed the effects of sexually transmitted diseases on the military by investigating the trend of sexually transmitted diseases. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of the Army at the time, sexually transmitted diseases in the Japanese army accounted for 46.40‰ of the total number of soldiers, and the number of people exempted from military service and discharged due to sexually transmitted diseases reached 7‰. Therefore, in the process of establishing the emergency law in 1908, the Ministry of the Army considered sexually transmitted diseases as major infectious diseases and accurately investigated the types of sexually transmitted diseases, the causes of infection, and the treatment process. And the Japanese Ministry of Army strictly forbade the use of brothels to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. At the same time, strict mental training and condom use were encouraged. Despite these efforts of the army, the problem of sexually transmitted diseases in the army has not been solved. Afterwards, the Japanese Army installed comfort facilities in the expeditionary war that led to the deployment to Siberia and the Manchurian Incident to manage sexually transmitted diseases among soldiers.

Counterpoint: Sickle cell trait should not be considered asymptomatic and as a benign condition during physical activity

Counterpoint: Sickle cell trait should not be considered asymptomatic and as a benign condition during physical activity

De grote school van de natie. Legerartsen over drankmisbruik en geslachtsziekten in het Belgisch leger (circa 1850-1950)

The training ground of the nation: Army doctors dealing with alcohol abuse and venereal disease in the Belgian army (circa 1850-1950)In the second half of the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century, Belgian army doctors were very concerned about the high incidence of alcoholism and venereal disease in the army. They launched a vigorous campaign to combat these 'diseases'. The underlying motives for this campaign were many and various. In the first place, the army's medical staff wanted to improve the general health and physical fitness of the military. At the same time, they used their campaign to reverse the negative opinion of the army prevalent amongst the general public by trying to reform the moral standards in the barracks. Another important motive for their radical measures against alcoholism and venereal disease was to enhance military and national efficiency. Finally, towards the end of the nineteenth century, more and more army doctors considered alcoholism and venereal disease to be major causes of racial degeneration, and this further legitimised their continued action against these two evils. Ultimately, the army doctors expected the results of their drastic campaign to transcend the confines of the army and have a positive impact on the entire nation as well. In this way, the army would truly become 'la grande école nationale'.

Vaccination campaign against meningococcal disease in army recruits in Italy

A high attack rate (17.3/100,000) of meningococcal disease in army recruits in Italy, with 95% of the cases due to serogroup C, constituted the motivating factors to make bivalent serogroup A + C meningococcal vaccination compulsory by law for army recruits starting January 1987. Because the vaccine was given only to the new recruits entering the army, full coverage was not achieved until January 1988. Nearly 900,000 subjects (300,000 yearly) were vaccinated between January 1987 and December 1989. There were no reports of any untoward reactions to the vaccine. Of the 300,000 recruits in service each year, 52, 21, 15, 5 and 4 cases of the disease occurred in 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988 and 1989, respectively (P less than 0.001). Of the 24 cases occurring since the start of the vaccination, only two (due to serogroup C) were attributable to vaccine failure. The remaining cases were in unvaccinated recruits (15 cases) or were due to serogroups other than A or C (7 cases). The cumulative incidence of meningococcal serogroup C in the 600,000 vaccinated recruits during the period 1988-89 was 0.2/100,000 (1 case amongst 600,000 recruits), while the corresponding figure in the 600,000 unvaccinated recruits during the period 1985-6 was 11.3/100,000 (68 cases amongst 600,000 recruits) (P less than 0.001). The protective efficacy of the vaccine in 1987 was 91.2% (12 cases of meningococcal serogroup A and C disease from an average of 150,000 unvaccinated recruits observed for 1 year, and 1 case from the corresponding average of 150,000 vaccinated ones). In 1988 and in 1989 this figure could not be calculated because all recruits were vaccinated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Imaginary Diseases in Army and Navy Parlance

Imaginary Diseases in Army and Navy Parlance