Discussion Of Controversial Issues Research Articles

Кризис-менеджмент в российско-турецких отношениях (на примере сирийского кризиса 2010–2021 гг.)

Introduction. In recent years, issues related to the Syrian crisis, including the shooting down of a Turkish fighter jet by Syria on June 22, 2012, the forced landing of a Syrian passenger plane in Ankara on October 10, 2012, and the shooting down of a Russian Su-24 jet by Turkey on November 24, 2015, have become a serious challenge for Russia and Turkey. Moscow and Ankara took completely opposite positions and moved to direct confrontation, but gradually these two actors managed to avoid an escalation of tensions by synchronizing their positions. Methods and materials. The main research question is: how did Russia and Turkey deal with competition and tension in their relations, which pushed them to cooperate? In response to this hypothesis, it is assumed that along with all the constant and variable factors, including geopolitics, economic cooperation, and opposition to Western unilateralism, this cooperation between the two leaders, Putin and Erdogan, has led to a kind of crisis management and a reduction in tensions between the two countries. This has created a delicate balance of competition and cooperation between the two countries. As a theoretical approach, this study examines international crisis management and its applied interpretation in political research on conflict management (conflict situations) and the role of personality and the “rational actor” model in decision-making theory. The research method in this article is a case study; several crisis cases were analyzed, and the main influencing factors in controlling the relationship between the two countries were identified. Results. The main conclusion of the study is that in crisis management, the role of the individual in the image of an intelligent leader in the implementation of policies with full control over subordinate organizations played a significant role. Authors’ contribution. Mehdi Sanaei is responsible for the concept of the article, the development of its theoretical part, the identification and discussion of controversial issues about crisis and conflict management, and the assessment of information sources. Kamran Hooshyar studied the literature and expert opinions, tested the hypothesis about the large role of the heads of state of Russia and Turkey as political leaders in cooperation, and analyzed the economic and political aspects of cooperation between the two states.

«…Мы отливаем нашу речь по определенным жанровым формам…»: размышления о прочитанном

The article provides an analytical review of the ideas set out in the book by L.V. Balashova and V.V. Dementiev “Russian speech genres” (Moscow: YASK Publishing House, 2022. 832 p.) in the context of the formation and development of speech definitions as a reflection of the language picture of the world. The concept of the theory of speech genres and its interpretation in the aspect of communicative and cognitive linguistics is revealed. It is said about the linguistic and cultural potential of the study of Russian speech phenomenon in this aspect. Related problems are considered: genre and creativity, genre and linguistic personality, etc. It is noted that much attention in the book is paid to the analysis of the value characteristics of speech communication — the study of genres such as heart-to-heart conversation, small talk, genres of the Runet, etc. A special place in the concept is occupied by the sphere of political linguistics and its verbal and genre organization. The role of the clerical speech, analytical review and friend-and-foe oppositions in the mass media is emphasized. It is indicated that the vector of evaluation meta-commentaries in the news pages of the media has changed. Attention is drawn to the applied importance of studying speech genres based on the use of the National Corpus of the Russian language, computer analysis of texts and digitalization of language material in the Russian Scientific Citation Index. The discussion of controversial issues related to the definition of the status of popular expressions as speech units of special organization is introduced. This circumstance makes it possible to include them in the system of speech genres. The rich historical and linguistic experience is used: from the classical ideas of M.M. Bakhtin, V.V. Vinogradov, G.O. Vinokur and other scientists who stood at the origins of this problem, to the concepts of modern domestic and foreign researchers. The reception of their views suggests possible vectors of the development of the theory of speech genres, the need to identify and analyze them in the conditions of centrifugal trends of communicative practice.

The Impact of Teachers’ Contemplative Training on Classroom Discussions of Controversial Issues—a Cluster-Randomized Active-Control Trial

The Impact of Teachers’ Contemplative Training on Classroom Discussions of Controversial Issues—a Cluster-Randomized Active-Control Trial

Is Discussing Controversial Issues in RE a Magic Bullet to Promote Social Cohesion? Mapping Opportunities and Challenges Based on Previous Research

Abstract In the public debate, it is often argued that RE is important because it promotes social cohesion. In the academic debate, however, this position is controversial because, firstly, this goal is associated with a politicization of RE and, secondly, empirical evidence on whether or how RE causes this effect seems to be lacking. In this article, I argue first that cohesion is an adequate subgoal of RE, assuming a social rather than a state-political understanding of cohesion. Second, I refer to international studies on teaching controversial issues (CIs), which show that students can learn participation, tolerance, and common good orientation through high-quality exploration of CIs in class. However, due to methodological difficulties and negative side effects, the discussion of CIs in RE cannot be assumed to be a magic bullet for achieving cohesion. For instance, uncertainties and ambiguities accompany forms of dissent in the classroom, which may lead to authoritarian dispositions and political intolerance. In addition, there are particular challenges for inclusive and especially denominational RE in terms of teachers, issues, students, and external factors.

Continuous electroencephalography in the intensive care unit: A critical review and position statement from an Australian and New Zealand perspective

ObjectivesThis article aims to critically review the literature on continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) monitoring in the intensive care unit (ICU) from an Australian and New Zealand perspective and provide recommendations for clinicians. Design and review methodsA taskforce of adult and paediatric neurologists, selected by the Epilepsy Society of Australia, reviewed the literature on cEEG for seizure detection in critically ill neonates, children, and adults in the ICU. The literature on routine EEG and cEEG for other indications was not reviewed. Following an evaluation of the evidence and discussion of controversial issues, consensus was reached, and a document that highlighted important clinical, practical, and economic considerations regarding cEEG in Australia and New Zealand was drafted. ResultsThis review represents a summary of the literature and consensus opinion regarding the use of cEEG in the ICU for detection of seizures, highlighting gaps in evidence, practical problems with implementation, funding shortfalls, and areas for future research. ConclusionWhile cEEG detects electrographic seizures in a significant proportion of at-risk neonates, children, and adults in the ICU, conferring poorer neurological outcomes and guiding treatment in many settings, the health economic benefits of treating such seizures remain to be proven. Presently, cEEG in Australian and New Zealand ICUs is a largely unfunded clinical resource that is subsequently reserved for the highest-impact patient groups. Wider adoption of cEEG requires further research into impact on functional and health economic outcomes, education and training of the neurology and ICU teams involved, and securement of the necessary resources and funding to support the service.

Positioning of Russian Business Ecosystems

Modern business ecosystems are becoming an integral part of the digital economy and an object of research. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of major Russian diversified business ecosystems: Yandex, VK, Sber, MTS and Tinkoff based on the case study method. An approach to their positioning in the market based on the share of the main business in the income of the company - leader of ecosystem and the number of ecosystem services is proposed. It is shown that while maintaining the specialization in some market segments there is a process of convergence of ecosystems by types of services offered, which aggravates competition between them, The factors that, along with competition, cause low financial results of the leading ecosystems are identified. These are an unrelated type of diversification that complicates the realization of synergy, development mainly at the expense of own resources without using the potential of partnership, copying of services accompanied by the absence of consumer retention mechanisms.The obtained results contribute to the discussion of controversial issues about the chances of market dominance of ecosystems and their impact on competition.

An Empirical Moral Philosophy Perspective on Classroom Discussions of Controversial Issues

AbstractIn this article, Emil Sætra examines how teachers and students construct and experience aims and goods in classroom discussions of controversial issues. This study is situated within the emerging tradition of empirical ethics, and the research strategy comprised two main steps. First, Sætra used interview data to analyze, via the experiences of teachers and students, the following two empirical questions: (1) What goods normatively constitute educative discussions of controversial issues? (2) How are these goods constructed in time and space? Second, in the concluding discussion, Sætra makes explicit some normative implications of the empirical findings and discusses theses in relation to previous research. In brief, what emerges from the conjoined experiences of teachers and students is the notion that practice comprises multiple aims and drives. Moreover, because aims and drives are multiple, decisions regarding priorities will sometimes have to be made, and teachers may be subject to conflicting expectations. This means that practitioners must be able to make reflective judgments about what comprises acceptable ends, what projects should be undertaken to achieve those ends, and what actions ought to be performed as part of those projects.

Public deliberation on nuclear power plant construction: The impact of values, processes, and personal attributes

Public deliberation is a way of integrating the collective decision-making of the public into policy-making processes through the use of a representative sample in a series of debates and discussions of controversial issues, including on nuclear power plant construction. This study examines the driving factors behind participants' decisions, examining their value priorities regarding energy, deliberation processes for decision-making, and their personal attributes. Why did citizens who participated in public deliberation on nuclear power plants decide to resume its construction? In particular, this research investigates how those who were undecided in the first survey decided on the resumption of the nuclear power plant construction in the final (fourth) survey. To answer the research question, statistical analysis suggested that those with a conservative political ideology and those who emphasize a stable energy supply and nuclear power plants’ industrial impacts were likely to support the construction resumption. In contrast, those who had concerns regarding the environmental impacts and who watched televised debates were likely to support the suspension of the construction. This study makes a contribution to the literature on sustainable energy governance and individual behavior by providing (1) theoretical links between a value priority on energy, sources of information in the deliberation process, personal attributes, and individual decision-making, and (2) empirical evidence of the undecided coming to a decision on nuclear energy policies.

РОССИЙСКИЕ МИРОТВОРЧЕСКИЕ ИНИЦИАТИВЫ В РАМКАХ ГРУЗИНО-АБХАЗСКОГО ВООРУЖЕННОГО КОНФЛИКТА 1992-1993 ГГ.

The article considers Russia’s diplomatic activity during the settlement of the Georgian-Abkhaz armed conflict of 1992–1993. The author attempts to analyze the role of Russia in the confrontation between Georgia and Abkhazia, to identify its evolution, as well as to determine the nature and goals of its participation in the peaceful settlement process. The article focuses on the discussion of controversial issues from the beginning of the negotiation process until the end of the active military phase of the conflict in September 1993. The author states that the main issue of the Russian diplomatic mission was the deployment of the armed forces of the Russian Federation on the territory of military operations: that allowed Georgia to consider Russia as not only a mediator, but also a participant in the conflict. The author also comes to the conclusion that the Russian leadership, focusing primarily on protecting the state interests of the Russian Federation, did not fully understand the essence of the conflict between Georgia and Abkhazia, and it affected Russia’s status within the framework of the Georgian-Abkhaz war, increasing its uncertainty: the Russian Federation was not a neutral peacemaker, but it was not a party to the conflict either.

Газета немецких оккупантов «Свободная земля»: парадигма фашистской пропаганды инвертированной цели войны против Советского Союза

Introduction. The article aims to analyze the newspaper ’Svobodnaya zemlya’ (Free Land), published for a short time (September-December 1942) by German occupying forces in Kalmykia. The newspaper has not been the object of a special study so far. Its main purpose was propaganda, used by the occupiers as one of the most important psychological and ideological weapons of war. The Nazi propaganda targeted the population of the occupied territories, subjecting the people to massive psychological and ideological pressures. Hence, every genre of the newspaper was designed and adapted to carry on disguised Nazi propaganda. Material and methods. The source for the research data was ’Svobodnaya zemlya’, the organ of the German administration at the time of Nazi occupation of the Kalmyk territory. Notably, the historiography in this country and abroaddiscusses certain aspects of fascist propaganda during the Second World War, but the regional newspapers of the German occupiershave not been examined so far. In his analysis, the author was guided by the principles of objectivity, comprehensive analysis, historicism, hermeneutics, and source criticism. Results. The purpose of the German occupiers’ newspaper was to persuade the local population that the preventive war launched and conducted by them was not a humanitarian catastrophe, but it was directed only against the “Jewish-Bolshevik government” of the Soviet Union, and the German army had a liberation mission, a happy future awaiting the liberated people. According to this propaganda, the liberated peoples were tostay calm and confident of their future; also, they were expected to actively cooperate, helping the German army tonear the victory, but any act of disobedience orjust passive resistance of individuals would havedire consequences for them, including death punishment. Conclusion. The newspaper under studyis one of the most important types of historical sources to shed light on the history of Kalmykia in the war period. Added to the source data, it helps fill in some gaps to allow for an objective discussion of controversial issues. Also, the analysis of the newspaper demonstrates some of the methods and techniques used by the Nazis in the occupied regions to deliberately disseminate falsified ideas about the goals of the war as a means of disguised propaganda.

La “discusión” en las aulas. Un estudio sobre las experiencias de formación ciudadana en escuelas secundarias de Córdoba, Argentina

This article offers an approach to the citizenship training experiences of young people who attend secondary schools in Argentina. After reviewing and systematizing part of the studies that have focused on issues related to citizenship education, it is based on the relevance of incorporating the analysis of the discussions of controversial issues that take place daily in schools. In this sense, an attempt is made to show how the ethnographic approach, which implies the prolonged presence of the researcher in the field, makes it possible to identify and closely monitor the ways in which the relationships between students, teachers and parents are structured. In this way, it is possible to distinguish and analyze a series of processes in which different and unequal ways of constructing citizenship are expressed.

The non-political classroom: The (dis)missed opportunities of an Israeli multicultural-bilingual high school civics course

The body of research on civic education points to the importance of teachers creating open democratic environments, leading to what has been termed the political classroom. This yearlong study of an Israeli multicultural and bilingual high school civics course, in which students from different citizenship status participated, presents a case in which teachers were unsuccessful in achieving this goal, raising the question of what limited this class's potential to create an educational environment where democratic discourses could have taken place? The main argument points to Israel's current disputative political environment that led to the enactment of four educational mechanisms that resulted in such a futile reality. These included: conflicting objectives, avoiding discussion of controversial issues, implementing traditional teaching practices, and overlooking language issues. The neo-liberal educational environment and a culture of fear and self-censorship were both identified as a common explanation to these, leading to an educational reality in which there was a detach between the lessons and the students' transcultural lived political experiences. From a methodological perspective, the study illuminates the importance of focusing on such unsuccessful cases, examining their elements, and understanding what influences them.

“Is This a Safe Space?”: Examining an Emotionally Charged Eruption in Critical Language Pedagogy

Unexpected conflicts, or eruptions, in class during discussions of controversial issues are not uncommon in the field of English language teaching (ELT). This can be especially true for critical English language teachers who hope to address social justice issues in their classrooms. Existing literature of these events often mentions emotional responses of teachers and students, without fully analyzing the ways in which emotions are processed and constrained around these eruptions. This article examines a homophobic incident during an in-service English language teacher course taught by the author to illustrate ways in which emotions shaped the response to the incident, and how social justice aims can be achieved for critical language teachers in emotionally challenging environments, where there may be competing claims of injustice and narratives of oppression. Drawing on feminist theories of emotion, the case is made for a conceptualization of emotions not as private, individual experiences, but rather as public, socioculturally and materially mediated experiences. Social justice is theorized as an active fight against injustices that cannot be seen as an individual, isolated effort. Implications for critical language educators are shared.

Talking about rights without talking about rights: on the absence of knowledge in classroom discussions

This article reports on research in three secondary schools in England where students were engaged in deliberative discussion of controversial issues. The teaching resources used illustrated rights-based dilemmas and the data analysis focused on the nature of the talk and the types of knowledge the students drew upon to inform their discussions. The article shares four insights: (i) there is a need to be more explicit about what constitutes human rights knowledge; (ii) human rights education requires the development of political understanding, which moves beyond individual empathy; (iii) educators need to value the process of deliberative discussions and avoid a push for conclusive answers; (iv) students need support to draw on knowledge from a range of disciplines. If these issues are not addressed, some students are able to engage in rights-based discussions with little knowledge and understanding of rights.

Examining Voter Turnout Among Asian American College Students

Examining Voter Turnout Among Asian American College Students Hyun Kyoung Ro (bio), Frank Fernandez (bio), and Sanga Kim (bio) Studying voter turnout in the 2016 presidential election among Asian American college students (AACSs) is timely given that the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has inflamed racism against Asian Americans. In the midst of this global pandemic, US President Trump incited racist attacks and led many to scapegoat Asian Americans for spreading the virus (Tavernise & Oppel, 2020). The negative national climate exacerbates racism against Asian Americans, which is particularly problematic, because AACSs tend to have lower voter registration and turnout rates in presidential elections than other racial or ethnic groups (Thomas et al., 2017). Yet, only a few studies have addressed AACSs' political engagement (Grim et al., 2019; Park et al., 2008). We sought to offer research findings on voting participation among AACSs and to help student affairs promote AACS voter turnout in 2020 and future national elections. Colleges and universities should prepare AACSs to be active democratic citizens by encouraging them to vote in national elections, which is part of higher education's responsibility to society (Colby et al., 2007). LITERATURE REVIEW Researchers have examined the influence of diverse learning experiences on civic outcomes (e.g., Bowman et al., 2016). Among AACSs enrolled in the University of California system, Wray-Lake et al. (2017) found that students who were actively involved in cultural and religious groups, in community service, and in academic learning (e.g., service-learning [End Page 373] courses) were the most politically engaged. While some scholars have found that college students' positive perceptions of campus climates promoted their democratic outcomes and citizenship engagement (Gurin et al., 2002), Wray-Lake et al. found that AACSs in California who reported a higher level of campus climate for diversity were less likely to be politically engaged. It may be that the relationship between campus climate and political engagement may differ for AACSs who attended universities where AACSs are relatively well represented (Grim et al., 2019). Click for larger view View full resolution Table 1. Factor Loadings and Reliability Estimates of Created Scales Voter turnout among AACSs has also been found to relate to social identities and backgrounds, such as ethnicity, gender, social class, and immigrant status (Park et al., 2008; Wray-Lake et al., 2017). For example, naturalized Asian American (AA) US citizens voted at a higher rate than US-born AAs (Krogstad & Lopez, 2017), but we do not know if this pattern held for AACSs. Those who came to the US at an early age or received prior schooling in the US may have fewer language barriers and more exposure to American political culture than recent immigrants. METHOD We analyzed data from six institutions where students completed the civic engagement module in the 2017 Student Experience in the Research University survey. We limited the sample to students who self-reported as Asian and were eligible to vote (N = 3,422). To address missing data, we used multiple imputation to generate 20 imputed data sets. We created voter turnout as a binary variable indicating whether the student reported having voted in the 2016 national election (0 = no, 1 = yes). To address diversity experiences, we used a single item to record whether students completed or participated in academic experiences with diversity, such as taking courses that addressed equity issues related to gender, race, or sexual orientation. We also created three variables to measure the frequency of diversity interactions: appreciation of different worldviews (α = .82), interaction with people who have different views (α = .77), and discussion of controversial issues (α = .70); see Table 1. We included three dichotomous items to measure cocurricular participation related to civic engagement; participation in a service-learning course, religious activities, and community service (0 = no, 1 = yes). For perceptions of institutional climate, we used five items to measure participants' agreement that students who shared certain characteristics were respected on campus (i.e., "Students [End Page 374] of my political beliefs are respected on this campus"); we used similar items for (a) race/ ethnicity, (b) socioeconomic status, (c) sex, and (d) sexual orientation. We included variables for social identities and backgrounds that relate to voter turnout. First, we included a binary sex...

The political system of the Qing empire

Nepomnin O. E. (1935-2020), sinologist and orientalist with wide research interests, belonged to the most prominent theorists of the development of Eastern societies. In April 2021, based on the Department of the History of the East of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the seminar named after Nepomnin O. E. — “Discussion problems of the history of the East” began its work. The seminar continues the tradition of scientific events dedicated to a broad discussion of controversial issues of Eastern history from ancient times to the present day. Continuing the topics raised by the author in previous issues: the cyclical nature of the historical process in China [Nepomnin, 2019] and its differences from the development of statehood in Japan [Nepomnin, 2020], this article is devoted to the analysis of the political structure in the Qing Empire. The author examines the despotism of imperial China, decomposing it into the components “power-property” and “class-state” and comparing it with political processes in the medieval West. The powerful state machine of the Qing Empire, suppressing any manifestations of the autonomy of the population, did not give a chance for the emergence of a class of active “private traders”, a religion that could be opposed to the state, or free cities. Nepomnin O. E. concludes that in the conditions of a ubiquitous state and an inert society, the Chinese despotism preserved itself — and the Western linear path of development was inaccessible to China for a long time. China walked in a circle, avoiding crises that allowed it to enter a new round of formational development.

Quality of Economic Growth as a Prerequisite for Improving the Efficiency of Management of Socio-Economic Development in Russia

The article is devoted to the development of indicators of the quality of economic growth. The authors associate the primary practical purpose of the system of indicators of the quality of economic growth with improving information and scientific and methodological support for the process of developing and implementing decisions of the state’s economic policy. We considered methodological aspects of compiling a system of indicators of the quality of economic growth, described problems in this area, and proposed approaches to their solution. Further, we gave estimates of factors that determine the dynamics of economic growth. We have provided a special place to the discussion of controversial issues in the field of assessing the quality of economic growth, including the problem of reconciling the idea of inclusive development and endogenous growth model of the Russian economy. It also includes approaches to the innovative factor in development outcomes that reflect the regional dimension in the system of quality indicators of economic development. The authors present and justify their views on several controversial issues, continuing the discussion of this topic that began in the framework of the Efimov Readings II (2019).

Detection of Potential Controversial Issues for Social Sustainability: Case of Green Energy

More and more people are involved in sustainability-related activities through social network to support/protect their idea or motivation for sustainable development. Understanding the variety of issues of social pulsation is crucial in development of social sustainability. However, issues in social media generally change overtime. Issues not identified in advance may soon become popular topics discussed in society, particularly controversial issues. Previous studies have focused on the detection of hot topics and discussion of controversial issues, rather than the identification of potential controversial issues, which truly require paying attention to social sustainability. Furthermore, previous studies have focused on issue detection and tracking based on historical data. However, not all controversial issues are related to historical data to foster the cases. To avoid the above-mentioned research gap, Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays an essential role in issue detection in the early stage. In this study, an AI-based solution approach is proposed to resolve two practical problems in social media: (1) the impact caused by the number of fan pages from Facebook and (2) awareness of the levels for an issue. The proposed solution approach to detect potential issues is based on the popularity of public opinion in social media using a Web crawler to collect daily posts related to issues in social media under a big data environment. Some analytical findings are carried out via the congregational rules proposed in this research, and the solution approach detects the attentive subjects in the early stages. A comparison of the proposed method to the traditional methods are illustrated in the domain of green energy. The computational results demonstrate that the proposed approach is accurate and effective and therefore it provides significant contribution to upsurge green energy deployment.

Prereduction Radiographs are not Routinely Needed for Anterior Shoulder Dislocations

Opposing authors provide succinct, authoritative discussions of controversial issues in emergency medicine. Authors are provided the opportunity to review and comment on opposing presentations. Each topic is accompanied by an Editor's Note that summarizes important concepts. Participation as at authoritative discussant is by invitation only, but suggestions for topics and potential authors can be submitted to the section editors. Prereduction Shoulder Radiographs should be RoutineAnnals of Emergency MedicineVol. 76Issue 2PreviewShoulder dislocations are a common orthopedic condition managed in the emergency department (ED). Some authors argue that prereduction radiographs offer limited diagnostic yield and unnecessarily prolong patient ED length of stay.1 We argue that most patients with suspected shoulder dislocations should routinely receive prereduction shoulder radiographs. Full-Text PDF

Diseño de prácticas pedagógicas para la enseñanza en espacios educativos culturales y lingüísticamente diversos

Israel is a multi-cultural migration country and its education system face the challenges of equality and inclusion. This is comparative qualitative research based on a model that evaluates the development of intercultural competence. The purpose of the study is to examine the perceptions and attitudes of inter-cultural competence development in two groups of students, in which only one of them was involved in extra-curricular learning. The findings show differences between the two groups. Group A, had gained new knowledge in broader cultural contexts and had a deeper insight on creating a pluralistic professional identity, cultural-emotional commitment and strengthens the relationship between teaching and culture than the Group B. Moreover, the students in group A were more practical and dynamic and created a link between the content of the lesson and the children's origin culture. They allow discussion of controversial issues and encourage the children to share personal stories.