This paper is dedicated to solving the iterative solution to the discrete-time periodic Sylvester matrix equations. Inspired by Jacobi iterative algorithm and hierarchical identification principle, the Jacobi gradient based iterative (JGI) algorithm and the accelerated Jacobi gradient based iterative (AJGI) algorithm are proposed. It is verified that the proposed algorithms are convergent for any initial matrix when the parameter factor μ satisfies certain condition. The necessary and sufficient conditions are provided for the presented new algorithms. Moreover, we also apply the JGI algorithm and AJGI algorithm to study a more generalized discrete-time periodic matrix equations and give the convergence conditions of the algorithms. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness, accuracy and superiority of the proposed algorithms.