Discrete Predator-prey System Research Articles

Theoretical and Numerical Bifurcation Analysis of a Discrete Predator–Prey System of Ricker Type with Weak Allee Effect

Theoretical and Numerical Bifurcation Analysis of a Discrete Predator–Prey System of Ricker Type with Weak Allee Effect

Spiral organization of quasi-periodic shrimp-shaped domains in a discrete predator-prey system.

In this paper, we report the discovery of some novel dynamical scenarios for quasi-periodic shrimp-shaped structures embedded within chaotic phases in bi-parameter space of a discrete predator-prey system. By constructing high-resolution, two-dimensional stability diagrams based on Lyapunov exponents, we observe the abundance of both periodic and quasi-periodic shrimp-shaped organized domains in a certain parameter space of the system. A comprehensive comparative analysis is conducted to elucidate the similarities and differences between these two types of shrimps. Our analysis reveals that, unlike periodic shrimp, quasi-periodic shrimp induces (i) torus bubbling transition to chaos and (ii) multistability with multi-tori, torus-chaotic, and multi-chaotic coexisting attractors, resulting from the crossing of its two inner antennae. The basin sets of the coexisting attractors are analyzed, and we observe the presence of intriguing basin boundaries. We also verify that, akin to periodic shrimp structures, quasi-periodic shrimps also maintain the three-times self-similarity scaling. Furthermore, we encounter the occurrence of spiral organization for the self-distribution of quasi-periodic shrimps within a large chaotic domain. We believe that these novel findings will significantly enhance our understanding of shrimp-shaped structures and the intricate dynamics exhibited by their distribution in chaotic regimes.

Complex Dynamics of a Discretized Predator–Prey System with Prey Refuge Using a Piecewise Constant Argument Method

The objective of this work is to investigate the complex dynamics of a discrete predator–prey system using the method of piecewise constant argument for discretization. An analysis is conducted to examine the presence and stability of fixed points. Furthermore, the system is shown to undergo period-doubling (PD) and Neimark–Sacker (NS) bifurcations by the use of center manifold and bifurcation theories. The feedback and hybrid control strategies are used to regulate the system’s bifurcating and chaotic behaviors. Both strategies seem to be effective in managing bifurcation and chaos inside the system. Finally, the main results are validated by numerical evidence. Parameters of the system are varied to produce time graphs, phase portraits, bifurcation diagrams, and maximum Lyapunov exponent (MLE) graphs. The discrete model displays rich dynamics, as seen in the numerical simulations and graphs, indicating a complex and chaotic system.

Stability and Bifurcation Analysis in a Discrete Predator–Prey System of Leslie Type with Radio-Dependent Simplified Holling Type IV Functional Response

In this paper, we use a semi-discretization method to consider the predator–prey model of Leslie type with ratio-dependent simplified Holling type IV functional response. First, we discuss the existence and stability of the positive fixed point in total parameter space. Subsequently, through using the central manifold theorem and bifurcation theory, we obtain sufficient conditions for the flip bifurcation and Neimark–Sacker bifurcation of this system to occur. Finally, the numerical simulations illustrate the existence of Neimark–Sacker bifurcation and obtain some new dynamical phenomena of the system—the existence of a limit cycle. Corresponding biological meanings are also formulated.

Analysis of the Dynamical Properties of Discrete Predator-Prey Systems with Fear Effects and Refuges

This paper examines the dynamic behavior of a particular category of discrete predator-prey system that feature both fear effect and refuge, using both analytical and numerical methods. The critical coefficients and properties of bifurcating periodic solutions for Flip and Hopf bifurcations are computed using the center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory. Additionally, numerical simulations are employed to illustrate the bifurcation phenomenon and chaos characteristics. The results demonstrate that period-doubling and Hopf bifurcations are two typical routes to generate chaos, as evidenced by the calculation of the maximum Lyapunov exponents near the critical bifurcation points. Finally, a feedback control method is suggested, utilizing feedback of system states and perturbation of feedback parameters, to efficiently manage the bifurcations and chaotic attractors of the discrete predator-prey model.

Stability analysis and chaos control in a discrete predator-prey system with Allee effect, fear effect, and refuge

<abstract><p>This paper investigates the complex dynamical behavior of a discrete prey-predator system with a fear factor, a strong Allee effect, and prey refuge. The existence and stability of fixed points in the system are discussed. By applying the central manifold theorem and bifurcation theory, we have established the occurrence of various types of bifurcations, including flip bifurcation and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation. Furthermore, to address the observed chaotic behavior in the system, three controllers were designed by employing state feedback control, OGY feedback control, and hybrid control methods. These controllers serve to control chaos in the proposed system and identify specific conditions under which chaos or bifurcations can be stabilized. Finally, the theoretical analyses have been validated through numerical simulations.</p></abstract>

Stability and bifurcation analysis of a discrete predator-prey system of Ricker type with refuge effect.

The refuge effect is critical in ecosystems for stabilizing predator-prey interactions. The purpose of this research was to investigate the complexities of a discrete-time predator-prey system with a refuge effect. The analysis investigated the presence and stability of fixed points, as well as period-doubling and Neimark-Sacker (NS) bifurcations. The bifurcating and fluctuating behavior of the system was controlled via feedback and hybrid control methods. In addition, numerical simulations were performed as evidence to back up our theoretical findings. According to our findings, maintaining an optimal level of refuge availability was critical for predator and prey population cohabitation and stability.

Stability and bifurcation analysis of a discrete predator-prey system of Ricker type with harvesting effect

Stability and bifurcation analysis of a discrete predator-prey system of Ricker type with harvesting effect

Complex dynamics of a nonlinear discrete predator-prey system with Allee effect

Complex dynamics of a nonlinear discrete predator-prey system with Allee effect

Complex dynamics of a nonlinear discrete predator–prey system with fear factor and harvesting effect

In this paper, a class of discrete-time predator–prey system with fear factor and harvesting effect is proposed, and its complex dynamic behavior is analyzed. First, the existence and stability of equilibrium points of the discrete system are studied. Second, the critical value expressions of Neimark–Sacker bifurcation and flip bifurcation are obtained by bifurcation theory. Third, we control the bifurcation and chaos of the system by using feedback control strategies. The optimal harvesting strategy is obtained by using the Pontryagin maximum principle. Finally, we use MATLAB software to carry out some numerical simulations, which not only verify our theoretical results, but also analyze the rich dynamic behavior of the system.

Qualitative properties, bifurcations and chaos of a discrete predator–prey system with weak Allee effect on the predator

In this work, the qualitative properties of the fixed points in the non-hyperbolic and degenerate cases, codimension-one bifurcations and Marotto’s chaos of a discrete predator–prey system with weak Allee effect on the predator are investigated. Utilizing the center manifold theorem and the reduction principle, the qualitative property of each fixed point in the non-hyperbolic case is explored. Based on the approximate flow theory, the qualitative property of the boundary fixed point in the degenerate case is investigated. Making use of the center manifold theorem and the bifurcation theory, all the potential codimension-one bifurcation types of the co-existence fixed point are explored, including flip bifurcation and Neimark–Sacker bifurcation. For each type of these bifurcations, not only the concise non-degenerate condition expressed by the system parameters is given, but also the analytical expression of the system orbit caused by the bifurcation is derived. Based on the non-negativity of the bifurcation critical values, the non-resonant and non-degenerate conditions for the occurrence of these bifurcations, the system parameter plane is divided into several regions using tools such as the polynomial complete discriminant system theory, real root separation theory, dichotomy method, implicit function theorem and Cardan’s formula. In each region, the direction and stability of these bifurcations are studied, which helps to theoretically explain the impact of Allee effect on the system. By proving that the co-existence fixed point is a snap-back repeller under appropriate conditions, it is obtained that the system is chaotic. Numerical simulations are completely consistent with all the theoretical analyses. The research results show that the impact of Allee effect on the population system depends not only on the assumption and construction of the system, but also on the system parameter and initial value of the system.

Complex Dynamics and Chaos Control of a Discrete-Time Predator-Prey Model

The objective of this study is to investigate the complexity of a discrete predator-prey system. The discretization is achieved using the piecewise constant argument method. The existence and stability of equilibrium points, as well as transcritical and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations, are all explored. Feedback and hybrid control methods are used to control the discrete system’s bifurcating and fluctuating behavior. To validate the theoretical conclusions, numerical simulations are performed. The findings of the study suggested that the discretization technique employed in this investigation preserves bifurcation and displays more effective dynamic consistency in comparison to the Euler method.

Stability, bifurcation analysis and pattern formation for a nonlinear discrete predator–prey system

This work investigates a discrete predator–prey system with periodic boundary conditions. First, the existence, local stability, and global stability of the equilibrium points of the system are investigated. Second, we get the criteria for flip bifurcation and Neimark–Sacker bifurcation at the system’s equilibrium points, and we obtain the conditions for the Turing instability of the discrete diffusion system when the population self-diffusion occurs. Finally, we use numerical simulation to investigate the effect of the diffusion coefficient and the natural growth rate of prey on system dynamics.

Dynamical Complexities of a Discrete Ivlev-Type Predator-Prey System

In this study, we examine a discrete predator-prey system from the following two perspectives: (i) the functional response is of the Ivlev type and (ii) the prey growth rate is of the Gompertz type. We define the stability requirement for feasible fixed points. We demonstrate algebraically that if the bifurcation (control) parameter rises over its threshold value, the system encounters flip and Neimark–Sacker (NS) bifurcations in the vicinity of the interior fixed point. We explicitly establish the existence requirements and direction of bifurcations via the center manifold theory. Analytical findings are validated by numerical simulations, which are used to highlight the occurrence of instability and chaotic dynamics in the system. In order to regulate the chaotic trajectories that exist in the system, we adopt a feedback control approach.

Dynamics study of nonlinear discrete predator-prey system with Michaelis-Menten type harvesting.

In this paper, we study a discrete predator-prey system with Michaelis-Menten type harvesting. First, the equilibrium points number, local stability and boundedness of the system are discussed. Second, using the bifurcation theory and the center manifold theorem, the bifurcation conditions for the system to go through flip bifurcation and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation at the interior equilibrium point are obtained. A feedback control strategy is used to control chaos in the system, and an optimal harvesting strategy is introduced to obtain the optimal value of the harvesting coefficient. Finally, the numerical simulation not only shows the complex dynamic behavior, but also verifies the correctness of our theoretical analysis. In addition, the results show that the system causes nonlinear behaviors such as periodic orbits, invariant rings, chaotic attractors, and periodic windows by bifurcation.

BIFURCATION AND CHAOS ANALYSIS OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL DISCRETE-TIME PREDATOR–PREY MODEL

The dynamical behavior of a discrete predator-prey system with a nonmonotonic functional response is investigated in this work. We study the local asymptotic stability of the positive equilibrium of the system by examining the characteristic equation of the linearized system corresponding to the model. By choosing the growth rate as a bifurcation parameter, the existence of Neimark-Sacker and period-doubling bifurcations at the positive equilibrium is established. Furthermore, the effects of perturbations on the system dynamics are investigated. Finally, examples are presented to illustrate our main results.

Dynamics of a nonlinear discrete predator-prey system with fear effect

<abstract><p>In this paper, we investigate a nonlinear discrete prey-predator system with fear effects. The existence, local stability and boundedness of positive equilibrium point are discussed. Using the center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory, the conditions for the existence of flip bifurcation and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation in the interior of $ \mathbb{R}_{+}^{2} $ are established. Furthermore, the numerical simulations not only show complex dynamical behaviors, but also verify our analysis results. A feedback control strategy is employed to control bifurcation and chaos in the system.</p></abstract>

Bifurcation analysis of a two‐dimensional discrete‐time predator–prey model

The dynamical behavior of a discrete predator–prey system with a nonmonotonic functional response is investigated in this work. We study the local asymptotic stability of the positive equilibrium of the system by examining the characteristic equation of the linearized system corresponding to the model. By choosing the growth rate as a bifurcation parameter, the existence of Neimark–Sacker and period‐doubling bifurcations at the positive equilibrium is established. Furthermore, the effects of perturbations on the system dynamics are investigated. Finally, examples are presented to illustrate our main results.

Codimension-2 bifurcation in a discrete predator–prey system with constant yield predator harvesting

This work investigates the bifurcation analysis in a discrete-time Leslie–Gower predator–prey model with constant yield predator harvesting. The stability analysis for the fixed points of the discretized model is shown briefly. In this study, the model undergoes codimension-1 bifurcation such as fold bifurcation (limit point), flip bifurcation (period-doubling) and Neimark–Sacker bifurcation at a positive fixed point. Further, the model exhibits codimension-2 bifurcations, including Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation and generalized flip bifurcation at the fixed point. For each bifurcation, by using the critical normal form coefficient method, various critical states are calculated. To validate our analytical findings, the bifurcation curves of fixed points are drawn by using MATCONTM. The system exhibits interesting rich dynamics including limit cycles and chaos. Moreover, it has been shown that the predator harvesting may control the chaos in the system.

Bifurcation and chaos in a discrete predator-prey system of Leslie type with Michaelis-Menten prey harvesting

Abstract In this paper, a discrete Leslie-Gower predator-prey system with Michaelis-Menten type harvesting is studied. Conditions on the existence and stability of fixed points are obtained. It is shown that the system can undergo fold bifurcation, flip bifurcation, and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation by using the center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the main theoretical results. Compared to the continuous analog, the discrete system here possesses much richer dynamical behaviors including orbits of period-16, 21, 35, 49, 54, invariant cycles, cascades of period-doubling bifurcation in orbits of period-2, 4, 8, and chaotic sets.