Discrepancies In Dates Research Articles

Timeliness of immunisation with the pentavalent vaccine at different levels of the health care system in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe timely administration of vaccines is considered to be important for both individual and herd immunity. In this study, we investigated the timeliness of the diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis-hepatitis B-Haemophilus influenzae type b (pentavalent) vaccine, scheduled at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. We also investigated factors associated with delayed immunization.Methods1162 children aged 8–28 months who had received the full course of the pentavalent vaccine at different levels of the health care system were enrolled. Vaccination dates documented in hospital records and/or immunisation cards were recorded. Age at vaccination and time intervals between doses were calculated. Predictors for timely completion with the pentavalent vaccine at 24 weeks were assessed by bivariate and multivariable analyses.ResultsSeveral discrepancies in dates between vaccination documents were observed. In general, vaccination with the pentavalent vaccine was found to be delayed, especially in health care settings below the provincial hospital level. Compared to the central hospital level, less participants who were vaccinated at the district/health center level received the third dose by 16 (48% at the central hospital level vs. 7.1% at the district and 12.4% at the health center level) and 24 weeks of age (94.4% at the central hospital level vs 64.6% at the district-outreach and 57.4% at the health center level) respectively. In logistic regression analyses, lower education level of the mother as well as vaccination by outreach service, were independently associated with delayed completion of vaccination.ConclusionWe observed a general delay of vaccination, especially at lower ranked facilities, which correlated with indicators of poor access to health services. This highlights the need for further improving health equity in rural areas. Age-appropriate vaccination should become a quality indicator for the national immunization programme. In addition, we recommend further training of the health care staff regarding the importance of reliable documentation of dates.

СИНХРОНИЗАЦИЯ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИХ И РЕЛИГИОЗНЫХ ХРОНИК

The author correctly synchronizes historical and religious Chronicles of the Ancient World based on a short chronology and linking events to unique celestial phenomena reflected in the annals and Scriptures. The author believes that discrepancies in dates,geographical localities and ethnic origin of historical and religious figures are due to erroneous traditional chronology and historical geography, as well as the deliberate adaptation of phenomena and events to an established paradigm. In addition, differences in religious traditions and facts of real history are caused by ignorance and fanaticism of adherents certain religions

Vein fluorite U-Pb dating demonstrates post–6.2 Ma rare-earth element mobilization associated with Rio Grande rifting

AbstractNumerous studies have documented rare-earth element (REE) mobility in hydrothermal and metamorphic fluids, but the processes and timing of REE mobility are rarely well constrained. The Round Top laccolith in the Trans-Pecos magmatic province of west Texas, a REE ore prospect, has crosscutting fractures filled with fluorite and calcite along with a variety of unusual minerals. Most notably among these is an yttrium and heavy rare-earth element (YHREE) carbonate mineral, which is hypothesized to be lokkaite based on elemental analyses. While the Round Top laccolith is dated to 36.2 ± 0.6 Ma based on K/Ar in biotite, U-Pb fluorite and nacrite ages presented here clearly show the mineralization in these veins is younger than 6.2 ± 0.4 Ma (the age of the oldest fluorite). This discrepancy in dates suggests that fluids interacted with the laccolith to mobilize REE more than 30 m.y. after igneous emplacement. The timing of observed REE mobilization overlaps with Rio Grande rift extension, and we suggest that F-bearing fluids associated with extension may be responsible for initial mobilization. A later generation of fluids was able to dissolve fluorite, and we hypothesize this later history involved sulfuric acid. Synchrotron spectroscopy and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb dating of minerals that record these fluids offer tremendous potential for a more fundamental understanding of processes that are important not only for REE but other ore deposits as well.

Historical and Literatural Value of Hoang Dinh Ai’s Theological Epitaph in Vietnam

The article raises the orgin of the holy epitaph which is the foundation searching for relevant materials to check evidence and compare the accuracy of the documents. Through the content of the epitaphs, the author presents some of comments on the structural form of the text, the method of using literature dispostion on the epitaph; together with clarifying the conflict between the composer and the history written by the Imperial court, also the discrepancy in dates recorded in the name and tile of the epitaph. Additionally, the writing details the documentary values on literature and historical research, especially studying the family background, the marriage and lifetime merits of Thai Tể (Glorious Grand Duke) Hoang Dinh Ai, a meritorious official under the reign of Le Trung Hung with historic events relating to the conflict between Le Dynasty and Mac Dynasty in the 16th century in Vietnam. All the contents of the epitaph is introduced at the end of the text.

Accuracy and Thoroughness of Treatment Summaries Provided as Part of Survivorship Care Plans Prepared by Two Cancer Centers.

Treatment summaries prepared as part of survivorship care planning should correctly and thoroughly report diagnosis and treatment information. As part of a clinical trial, summaries were prepared for patients with stage 0 to III breast cancer at two cancer centers. Summaries were prepared per the standard of care at each center via two methods: using the electronic health record (EHR) to create and facilitate autopopulation of content or using manual data entry into an external software program to create the summary. Each participant's clinical data were abstracted and cross-checked against each summary. Errors were defined as inaccurate information, and omissions were defined as missing information on the basis of the Institute of Medicine recommended elements. One hundred twenty-one summaries were reviewed: 80 EHR based versus 41 software based. Twenty-four EHR-based summaries (30%) versus six software-based summaries (15%) contained one or more omissions. Omissions included failure to provide dates and specify all axillary surgeries for EHR-based summaries and failure to specify receptors for software-based summaries. Eight EHR-based summaries (10%) versus 19 software-based summaries (46%) contained one or more errors. Errors in EHR-based summaries were mostly discrepancies in dates, and errors in software-based summaries included incorrect stage, surgeries, chemotherapy, and receptors. A significant proportion of summaries contained at least one error or omission; some were potentially clinically significant. Mismatches between the clinical scenario and templates contributed to many of the errors and omissions. In an era of required care plan provision, quality measures should be considered and tracked to reduce rates, decrease inadvertent contributions from templates, and support audited data use.

Completeness and accuracy of survivorship care plans (SCPs) prepared via two methods: Electronic health record (EHR) auto-population versus manual data entry.

62 Background: To improve care for side effects and coordinate follow up, SCPs should correctly and thoroughly report details regarding diagnosis and treatment. However, literature is lacking regarding SCP accuracy and completeness. We audited SCPs for errors and omissions, as part of a clinical trial conducted at two cancer centers. Methods: SCPs were prepared for Stage 0-3 breast cancer patients by 1 of 2 methods, which was based on the standard of care at each center: 1) EHR-based: auto-populated using data entered into the EHR by oncologists for clinical use. SCP finalized by oncologist or advanced practice provider; and 2) Manual entry: prepared by an RN using manual transfer of clinical data into software program. Each participant’s clinical data was abstracted from her chart, with audit and cross-check against each SCP. In the case of discrepancies, oncologists reviewed the chart and adjudicated the “correct” information, as well as completeness and error. Omissions were defined by missing SCP information required per IOM recommendations; errors were defined as data reported in the SCP that did not match the chart. Results: Two sites enrolled 128 women between 11/2013-12/2014; 80 received EHR-based vs 41 manual SCPs. Omissions: 24 (30%) EHR-based versus 6 (15%) manual SCPs contained at least 1 omission. Omissions included failure to provide some dates and specific axillary surgery type (sentinel vs axillary) for EHR-based SCPs and failure to specify receptors for manual SCPs. Errors: 7 (9%) EHR-based versus 19 (46%) manual SCPs contained at least one error. The majority of EHR-based SCP errors were minor discrepancies in dates. Errors in manual SCPs included chemotherapy regimen, incorrect receptors, incorrect stage and axillary surgeries; stage and surgery errors were affected by poor fit with templated SCP fields. Conclusions: Little is known about SCP accuracy and completeness. Manually prepared SCPs may have a higher rate of errors while EHR-based SCPs may have more omissions. Differences in preparation (site, training of preparer) could also account for these differences. In an era of required SCP provision, measures of SCP quality should be considered.

ACCURACY EVALUATION OF TWO GLOBAL LAND COVER DATA SETS OVER WETLANDS OF CHINA

Abstract. Although wetlands are well known as one of the most important ecosystems in the world, there are still few global wetland mapping efforts at present. To evaluate the wetland-related types of data accurately for both the Global Land Cover 2000 (GLC2000) data set and MODIS land cover data set (MOD12Q1), we used the China wetland map of 2000, which was interpreted manually based on Landsat TM images, to examine the precision of these global land cover data sets from two aspects (class area accuracy, and spatial agreement) across China. The results show that the area consistency coefficients of wetland-related types between the two global data sets and the reference data are 77.27% and 56.85%, respectively. However, the overall accuracy of relevant wetland types from GLC2000 is only 19.81% based on results of confusion matrix of spatial consistency, and similarly, MOD12Q1 is merely 18.91%. Furthermore, the accuracy of the peatlands is much lower than that of the water bodies according to the results of per-pixel comparison. The categories where errors occurred frequently mainly include grasslands, croplands, bare lands and part of woodland (deciduous coniferous forest, deciduous broadleaf forest and open shrubland). The possible reasons for the low precision of wetland-related land cover types include (1)the different aims of various products and therefore the inconsistent wetland definitions in their systems; (2) the coarse spatial resolution of satellite images used in global data; (3) Discrepancies in dates when images were acquired between the global data set and the reference data. Overall, the unsatisfactory results highlight that more attention should be paid to the application of these two global data products, especially in wetland-relevant types across China.

Mandatory Electronic Sources of Approved Product Information—Are They Up‐To‐Date?

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Pharmacy Board of Victoria mandates that all pharmacies and pharmacy departments have access to an up‐to ‐date source of approved product information.AimTo compare the currency of product information profiles from electronic sources to those obtained from the manufacturer.MethodProduct information profiles for 48 commonly dispensed medicines were obtained from the manufacturers and approval/amendment dates compared to those in the two electronic sources. Profiles with discrepancies in dates were manually scanned to determine the extent of the differences.Results81 product information profiles were reviewed and 20 had discrepancies in dates between the profiles obtained from the manufacturers and that on the electronic sources. 18 profiles were found to be not current. 16% of the profiles examined contained discrepancies. The most common changes were in presentation and drug interactions.ConclusionThis study showed that electronic sources have delays in capturing changes to product information.

EUPHORBIA CANDELABRUM, A QUESTION OF VALIDITY (EUPHORBIACEAE)

two publications (1974 and 1981) Leach sought to establish the validity of Euphorbia candelabrum Welwitsch. The epithet was first used by Welwitsch in a letter dated 2 March 1854 and written in German, to Richard Kippist Esq., who read out a translation at a meeting of the Linnaean Society in June 1854. This translation was subsequently published in the Linn. Soc. Proceedings (1855). Halfway through the translation (p. 328) is a reference to a Euphorbia: Euphorbia I have already found near Loanda a gigantic species, with a stem 21/2ft. in diam. and upwards of 30ft. high, forming woods as Pinus sylvestris does with us!. Towards the end (p. 329) is another reference: In the woods of Euphorbia (Candelabra, n. sp.) is found a wonderfully beautiful terrestrial Orchidea. Leach (1981) maintains that these two references constitute a valid publication and adequate description by Welwitsch. However, Welwitsch obviously had not intended his letter to be published, and at the time he wrote it, in accordance with Article 34.1(b) of ICBN (1983), the name was 'merely proposed in anticipation of the future acceptance of the group concerned'. As such it did not constitute a valid publication, but at best, may possibly have been effectively published as Euphoria candelabrum Welw. (Candelabra), or perhaps E. candelabrum Welw. ex Kippist. Furthermore, the dimensions of the plant briefly given by Welwitsch in the friendly context of his letter, can hardly constitute a description, certainly not a diagnosis when many other such trees were already known, and thus, also, the requirements of Article 32.1(c) are not satisfied. addition, there is no positive indication that this particular Euphorbia species should be associated with the Euphorbia (Candelabra, n. sp.) referred to at the end of the letter. The name was next mentioned in a list published the following year in Coimbra (1856). This consisted of information attached to a consignment of 200 living plants collected by Welwitsch and sent by him from Loanda (Angola) on 21 Aug. 1854. His accompanying letter clearly shows that this information was not intended by him for publication, but simply as an aid in the cultivation of the various cuttings, bulbs and plants at Coimbra and other horticultural establishments in Lisbon. Of the names in this list, 'Euphorbia spec. (Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. mspt.)' appeared under item No. 5, of which there were 20 individuals. The addition, in brackets, of an alternative manuscript name to 'Euphorbia spec.' clearly indicated Welwitsch's proposal only of the name, 'in anticipation of the future acceptance of the group concerned', and thus was once more invalidly published according to Article 34.1(b). It is also confirmation that Welwitsch had not prepared his new species for publication by the time he wrote his letter to Kippist. That the description in the list sent to Coimbra (translated from the Portuguese) of 'a candelabriform tree 30-45 feet high ... with purplish flowers in innumerable quantity' could perhaps be considered as diagnostic, does not affect the validity of the publication of the name; nor does the mention of 'Euphorbia candelabrum' in the notes under item No. 18 Orchidea terrestre alter the position. Although it is shown here to be a later homonym of Kotschy's name of 1857, the name for Welwitsch's species was eventually validly published by Hiern (1900) when a full description was given with the Welwitsch collection number 641 cited. Several localities from the Loanda district were included under this number (Cacuaco Jan. 1854, Mutollo 23 July 1854 and Loanda 17 June 1858), but Hiern's description, translated from Welwitsch's notes written in Latin and attached to the existing duplicated specimens, state that the plant was flowering and fruiting at Loanda in July and August 1858. It thus appears, in the absence of other specimens, that no herbarium material was preserved (or has survived) until this date. The correct authorship of the valid (but illegitimate) name was therefore E. candelabrum Welw. ex Hiern, the holotype of the species being the specimen in the British Museum of Welwitsch 641, with isotypes elsewhere (COI, G, K, LISU). Despite this and the discrepancy in dates, the Lisbon specimen has been designated as a neotype of the invalid E. candelabrum Welw. by Leach (1981). Later, N. E. Brown (1912) reduced the name, with both authorships, to synonymy under his validly published legitimate name of E. conspicua, which has been universally accepted until Leach's publication of 1974.

Discrepancies in dates

Journal Article Discrepancies in dates Get access S. S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s4-VII, Issue 158, 7 January 1871, Page 9, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s4-VII.158.9b Published: 07 January 1871