Viewpoint Of Discourse Research Articles

That is not done

Abstract Spanish third-person reflexive clitic se allows for passive and impersonal uses that can sometimes be pragmatically interpreted as directive in spite of their declarative form, e.g. Eso no se hace ‘That is not done’. This paper explores the grammatical, semantic and referential factors that promote such an interpretation, using a corpus of oral and written Peninsular media discourse and adopting a qualitative approach. Deontic readings are shown to be connected with more general uses of reflexive constructions as evidential and/or modal markers. Agent defocusing and imperfective verbal aspect construct an objective viewpoint of discourse whereby the event is detached from particular communicative circumstances. At the same time, contextual elements acting as space builders counter such objectivity by guiding the interpretation of the utterance as primarily concerning the direct participants. The analysis suggests that the inherent meanings of grammatical constructions are at the basis of their pragmatic potential in specific contexts.

Spreading Like a Virus: Conceptual Integration and Discourse Viewpoint in Internet Memes about the Covid-19 Pandemic

This paper analyzes internet memes pertaining to Covid-19. We analyzed more than 200 memes over nine months. By utilizing Blending Theory and Discourse Viewpoint, we attempt to explain the creative inner workings of memes as well as how meaning is negotiated on the internet. We were clearly able to detect memes synchronously following the actual development of Covid-19. We show that meme makers use visuals metonymically to address the current state of Covid-19 while the overall message of memes is driven by simile. As much as memes draw on the concept of Covid-19, they also feed back to it in a loop of self-reference. Along with their underlying metaphoric nature, memes convey a feels-like attitude with two main phases emerging from their usage, i.e., the Observer Phase and the Experiencer Phase. The former showed memes at a stage where Covid-19 was not yet a pandemic (but perceived through media coverage from elsewhere) while the latter, the Experiencer Phase, clearly showed that meme creators had experienced the virus themselves. As for the timeframe covered, however, we conclude that memes do not show full conceptual integration as Covid-19 was not yet fully entrenched.

Deictic Expressions and their Contribution to Create a Viewpoint in Discourse

his paper provides an overview of the main three deictic expression categories, which are: person deictics, temporal deictics, and spatial deictics. It will explain their forms, meaning and their relationship to the speech reference. It will argue that there are a certain class of expressions in Arabic which can be considered in their linguistics usage as spatial deixis. This class of words is known as ‘‘The Vocative/ Call Elements’’ (أدوات النداء). Therefore, this paper attempts to answer these questions: What is a deictic expression? What is a deictic centre? What are The Vocative Elements in Arabic? How can they be considered as a category of linguistics deictic expression? and how can a deictic expression be applied to create a particular point of view in discourse? These main points will be considered through the discussion. A variety of different examples will be quoted or created alongside the theoretical discussion in order to clarify these mentioned points.

Reframing Reality of Online Learning on the Basis of Internet Memes

The paper sets out to investigate the interplay between image and text with reference to chosen cognitive models in order to pinpoint the image of distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The bilateral nature of memes will be discussed in relation to the cognitive linguistics framework, in particular the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) (Lakoff and Johnson 1980, Kovecses 2002, Forceville 1996, 2008, 2009), Frame Semantics (Fillmore 1988) construal (Langacker 1987, 2008), blending theory (Fauconnier and Turner 2002), Discourse Viewpoint Space (Dancyngier and Vandelanotte 2017).

Investigating the Functions of Counter - discourse in the Story of Sheikh Sanan

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of counter- discourse in strengthening, consolidating and reconstructing the meaning of a sign or deconstructing the discourse signs of another related discourse. Through explaining the linguistic and semiotic mechanism of the text from counter- discourse viewpoint, this study seeks to examine the ways by which different discourses interact and compete with each other. Furthermore, it attempts to explain the way meaning is produced, transformed, or confirmed by discovering the nodal points of the discourse. Counter-discourse creates a situation in which each discourse interacts with or challenges another discourse and gains confirmation through its support. In the present study, the functions of counter- discourse in shaping signification and the process of meaning-formation have been revisited. The main question of the research is how and by what means the Counter- discourse in Sheikh Sanan story (in Attar’s Mantiq al-Tair) are representing the interactions and competitions between different discourses. For this purpose, the present study, via adopting a descriptive-analytical approach and qualitative discourse analysis method, explains the elements and components that act as counter- discourse in the story and aid the main idea of the story to be supported and expanded. The findings show that this story uses various kinds of counter- discourse such as referential simulation, narration, metaphor, intricacy, delegation, questioning, action suspension, evidentially, actor revival, supernatural wonders or miraculous acts, and anti and transcendence discourses; through which it has supported and affirmed the main discourse of the story.

Естетичний досвід як патологічні дискурси відрази та меланхолії у творчості З. Бексінського

This article tackles the issue of aesthetic experience from the pathologized everyday discourse viewpoint in the system of relations between I and symbolic order, where transgressed and close to symbolic death I is predominant. The stage, in which I, crossing the symbolic borders, stay readable, appears to be the process of continuous constituting the aesthetic experience and its transforming into the primordial a priori structure of everyday discourse. The problem lies deeply in the preserving of evanescent borders which are said to exist in the cultural palpability and simultaneously to be exiled from the system. The article exemplifies pathological discourses by referring to the Beksinski' works, namely his numerous ways of articulating the ineffable. However, articulated ineffable, similarly to such culturally conditioned reactions as abjection and melancholia, declares double death of the discursive subject: the first time when the separation from primordial presymbolic world takes place and the second time during problematizing the symbolic borders and paradoxical immortalization concerning postulated frontiers. The aim of this article is to dig out kaleidoscope of images and sub-images from Beksinski' works through the motive of crucifixion resulting in the specific value of Christ's body and chimerical things inside the dehumanized catastrophic space. It is demonstrated how pathological discourse of melancholia could be intertwined with the discourse of abjection in the common point of transgressing the limits, making the symbolic space full of details indicating the risk of Ego being disintegrated, staying inside the transgressed limits as constituting aesthetical experience. Inexplicability of terrible post-apocalyptic world is readable via symbolic coordinates insofar as the main primal object (the body of Christ) occurs to be banished. Appearing of aesthetic experience is paralleled to the stages of psychosexual development in the existence of symbolic being where in opposition to classical freudism maternal authority is accentuated. That's how Kristevan style of psychoanalytic ruminations looks like.

A self-determination theory perspective on student success in attaining an emergency care degree

Background. While student enrolment has increased in the South African (SA) higher education system, the undergraduate throughput rate has been abysmal. Consequently, the literature has largely focused on the negative discourse of understanding the hindrance of student success in higher education. Objectives. To take a positive discourse viewpoint of understanding student success in the Bachelor of Emergency Medical Care (BEMC) degree in SA. The paper uses Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory to explore students’ motivation to succeed in attaining the BEMC degree in SA. Methods. Participants were BEMC students recruited from 4 universities. Third- and fourth-year students who had not repeated a module/subject while studying for the BEMC degree were purposively sampled and invited to join the focus group discussions. These groups were conducted at the respective institutions during the participants’ free time. The audio recordings were transcribed to produce a written text of the focus group discussions. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data with the aid of NVivo 11 (Microsoft, USA). Results. The thematic analysis yielded two themes, i.e. intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Some students were intrinsically motivated to complete the degree in the minimum time. It is more likely that students’ intrinsic motivation increased with continued success in the programme and that it also satisfied their feeling of competence. Some students succeeded owing to extrinsic motivational factors – to prove some people wrong or because of the financial implications of failure. Conclusion. The emergency care departments need to assist students to maintain motivation, which may satisfy their feelings of autonomy and competence. Addressing students’ motivation may allow for more continued success in the academic programme.

Multimodality and discourse viewpoint configuration: A case study of UK political posters

The aim of this paper is to provide a cognitive semantic analysis of multimodal viewpoint phenomena by conducting a case study of political campaign posters from the United Kingdom’s Conservative and Labour parties. It provides a qualitative account of a selection of posters within the framework of Discourse Viewpoint Space (Dancygier and Vandelanotte 2016), specifically exploring discourse viewpoint configurations in the posters with a special focus on their texts (e.g., lexical choices and style), visual images, and the viewpoints of different participants (i.e., current speaker/addressee and represented speaker/addressee). We collected 87 posters from the Advertising Archives (http://www.advertisingarchives.co.uk) in August 2018. We categorized the selected posters into three types: (1) those explicitly encoding the speaker, (2) those explicitly encoding the addressee, and (3) those explicitly encoding both. We take a detailed look at each type, focusing on whether the viewpoint of the current interlocutor is aligned with that of the represented interlocutor, assuming that the current speaker is equivalent to those who design the posters, and the current addressee to those who view the posters. Based on this inductive functional taxonomy, this paper discusses how the multimodal posters’ political messages are constructed and construed in terms of the levels of hierarchical viewpoint networks, which include local perspectives and more comprehensive discourse viewpoints, as well as viewpoint alignment between the participants. The study shows that the viewpoint configurations of the posters are key to the articulation of the intended messages such that they fit the values of the two political parties. The study also supports the claim that multiple viewpoints are intrinsic to meaning construction, and to the conceptualization of multimodal expressions (Sweetser 2012). (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

Time, tense and viewpoint shift across languages: A Multiple-Parallel-Text approach to “tense shifting” in a tenseless language

AbstractThe paper discusses the role of tense and time from a cross-linguistic perspective by comparing English (a tensed language) and Mandarin (a language without formal tense marking). Multiple translations of the same literary piece are used to test the correspondence between the tense, the perfective aspect and temporal adverbials. In English, tense marking is found to work with at least two language-specific stylistic means, clause interpolation and inversion, to create a mixed narrative viewpoint. In Mandarin, neither the perfective aspect nor temporal adverbials, i.e., constructions that invoketime, are systematically used across the renditions, which shows the Mandarin system’s overall indifference totimein managing viewpoint in discourse. The Mandarin renditions, in addition to an overall indifference totime, feature consistent and frequent use of reduplication as the system’s distinctive viewpoint strategy. The paper concludes with a discussion of the cognitive consequence of a language using an obligatory marking system to piggyback the function of viewpointing narratives.

Donald J. Trump: un análisis crítico del discurso

Donal J. Trump resulta ser un Presidente fuera de lo común que genera polémicos titulares en todo el mundo. ¿Por qué provoca tanta atracción y polémica? ¿Qué novedades aporta? Este estudio pretende responder a estas cuestiones desde una perspectiva del análisis crítico del discurso. El ensayo está dividido en tres capítulos. En el primero se exponen los aspectos más característicos de su estilo discursivo. El segundo se dedica a estudiar la influencia de los modelos de familia en Trump analizados por el lingüista cognitivo George Lakoff, centrándose en los siguientes tipos: el Padre estricto y el Progenitor nutriente. El tercero y último capítulo se consagra a estudiar el modo en que “el otro” es representado por Trump. Se aborda en este trabajo el tratamiento de temas como el racismo, la inmigración o su visión de “la clase dirigente”. Donald J. Trump is an “off the spectrum” President who creates controversial headlines of the media around the world. Where does his appeal come from? What is new about him? This paper tries to answer these questions from a Critical Discourse Analysis perspective. The essay is divided into three chapters. The first one gives a general overview of Trump’s discourse styles. The second one deals with the family model developed by George Lakoff in terms of metaphors and more specifically with the representation of the strict father pattern in Trump’s discourse. The third and final chapter is dedicated to the portrayal of “the other” in Trump. Strategies to depict “otherness” are analysed from an ideological discourse viewpoint. Racism, immigration and Trump’s depiction of “the establishment” are not neglected.

로컬리티와 커먼즈 담론 공간에서 본 동학(東學)

오늘날 우리는 다문화사회에 본격적으로 진입하고 있지만, 그 전에 우리는 이미 고유(固有)의 것을 잃고 있었다. 조국근대화와 서세동점(西勢東漸)을 거치면서 세계화, 곧 서구 중심의 가치관이 자리 잡았기 때문이다. 그런데 문화란 그 자체로 독특한 단일성을 가지면서도 보편적인 다양성을 확보하는 것이다. 이렇게 본다면 문화의 시대로 접어든 오늘날이야말로 동학(東學)에 대한 새로운 접근과 이해가 요구된다. 서양 중심의 정치적 세계화 논리가 강요되던 시기에 동학은 현지성에 바탕을 두고 인간의 보편적 가치와 이념을 해석한 이념체계이면서 실천운동이기 때문이다. 동학은 당시 삶의 주체였던 농민이 보편적 인간으로서 자신을 인식했고, 그것을 실현하기 위해 자신의 주체성을 먼저 확립해야 함을 강조했다. 이 ‘위대한 이념 체계이면서 절실한 실천 운동’은 정치, 경제, 문화 전반으로 전개되면서 농민전쟁, 독립운동, 신흥종교 운동 등으로 발전했다. 이러한 점을 전제로 이 연구에서는 한국 근대사의 인식의 틀에서 본 동학, 로컬리티 담론공간과 동학의 ‘현장성(現場性)’, 커먼즈 담론공간과 동학의 ‘공공성(共公性)’을 검토했다. 로컬리티와 커먼즈 담론 공간에서 동락은 다문화시대가 본격화된 오늘날 더 절실히 요구된다. 오늘날 우리가 발을 디디고 선 이곳은 150여 년 전과 유사할 뿐 아니라, 서양 근대가 초래한 모순이 심화되고 있기 때문이다. 물론 당시 동학의 논리와 실천 방식이 오늘날 그대로 적용되기는 어렵다. 하지만 시대별로 동학이 취했던 특수성에 기초한 공통성을 확보하기 위해서라도 오늘날 대중들이 만나고 모여 함께 하는 방식을 적극적으로 수용하면서, 공변된 이상세계를 현대적 논리로 재구축하는 시도가 필요하다.

Internet memes as multimodal constructions

AbstractThis paper considers a range of so-called image macro Internet memes and describes them as emerging multimodal constructions relying as much on image as on text, and apportioning roles to images much like constructional slots, for instance to fill in a subject role in a subjectless clause, or even to provide the main clause content to a textually givenwhen-clause. In addition to existing or partially altered linguistic constructions, many examples also rely on specific top text/bottom text division of labor, and crucially depend on frame metonymy, with limited formal means quickly cueing richly detailed frames (for instance by using iconic images). The popularity of memes, forming series and cycles of iterations and remixes, and their role in establishing and maintaining discourse communities seems to be driven by a need to express and reconstrue viewpoints, often starting from ideas, affects or stereotypes assumed to be intersubjectively shared with viewers, whose responses they solicit. This paper argues that a proper description of Internet memes of the type considered requires a construction grammar approach, complemented by an understanding of viewpoint dynamics in terms of a Discourse Viewpoint Space regulating the network of spaces and viewpoints.

Meaningfulness via participation: sociocultural practices for teacher learning and development

The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of student‐teachers’ learning practices in primary school chemistry classroom contexts. Its theoretical approach is based on the sociocultural view of learning and development, which holds a conception of the learner as a cultural and historical subject, embedded within and constituted by a network of social relationships and interaction within the culture in question. This qualitative case study follows a three‐step research design: pre‐narrative, intervention and post‐narrative, in order to highlight the practices involved in teacher learning and development. The data for the study were collected by means of videotapes, transcriptions, direct observations and the students’ written narratives. In the analysis, the social activity is approached from the viewpoint of discourse moves and activity building. The analysis of the narratives focuses on temporality and the content of the student‐teachers’ learning experiences. In this study, the progressive nature of the narratives was indicated by the changed voice reflecting change in personal attitude, and thus revealing student development in pedagogical and domain‐specific questions.