Discoid Capitula Research Articles

A Systemetic and Scientific Review on the Acmella oleracea and its Traditional Medical and Pharmacological uses

Acmella oleracea L. R.K. Jansen belongs to the family Asteraceae is generally termed “toothache plant”. Though complex pattern has present or shows in the Acmella genus, the cylindrical discoid capitula which has a golden yellow in color with red tip make it unique. It is an annual herb, occurring around the world and, It is cultivated for horticultural and pharmacological purpose it is used in the treatment or prevention of various diseases or disorders in the human being or animal rheumatism, stuttering, paralysis of the tongue, antipyretic i.e. reduce body temperature, sore throat and gum infections. There are also others reports of the use of Spilanthes acmella, such as spices such as antiseptic i.e. these are the agents which are used to kill the growth of the microorganism on living tissue, antibacterial i.e. kill or inhibit the growth of bactria, antifungal, antimalarial i.e. these are the drug or agent which are used to inhibit or kill the parasite responsible for cause of malarial infection, remedy for toothache, influenza, cough i.e. Expel the mucos sectretions from the respiratory tract and tuberculosis i.e. These are drug or agent which are used to inhibit causative microorganism of tuberculosis mycobacterium tuberculosis etc.

Contributions to the Andean <em>Senecioneae (Compositae)</em>, part III: A new species of <em>Senecio</em> from northern Chile

A new species of Senecio L. from northern Chile is described on the basis of morphological evidence. It is a caespitose species characterized by displaying vertical hypogeous stems, fleshy spatulate leaves, subentire or distantly and shallowly dentate, discoid capitula with yellowish disc florets, anthers, and style branches, and long-pilose achenes. It is compared with the morphologically related species S. algens Wedd., S. altoandinus Cabrera, and S. cremnicola Cabrera. Detailed pictures of living plants are provided.

Cremanthodium weixiense (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from northwestern Yunnan, China

Cremanthodium weixiense (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from northwestern Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is referred to C. ser. Calcicola based on its palmately veined leaves, discoid capitula and leaflike, herbaceous phyllaries. However, it is unique in this series in having dissected leaves. It is somewhat similar to C. pinnatisectum in C. ser. Campanulata in the dissected leaves and the discoid capitula, but differs by the suborbicular (versus subreniform) basal leaves with deeply cordate (versus subtruncate) bases and very narrow (versus obviously divergent) sinuses, the presence (versus absence) of a conspicuously sheathed petiolar base of stem leaves, the broadly cylindrical (versus campanulate) involucres and the leaflike, herbaceous (versus petaloid, membranous) phyllaries.

<em>Senecio carhuanishoensis</em> H.Beltrán & J.Calvo sp. nov. (<em>Asteraceae, Senecioneae</em>), a new species from central Peru

A new species of Senecio L. from the central Andes of Peru, S. carhuanishoensis H.Beltrán & J.Calvo sp. nov., only known from the Laraos District (Yauyos, Lima), is described and illustrated. It is a suffrutescent, rupicolous plant with the stems rather appressed to the rocks. It is characterized by its greyish-lanate indumentum covering the stem, leaves, and involucre, by having leaves oblanceolate to oblong, short-pedunculate, terminal, solitary, discoid capitula, and by displaying short glandular trichomes between the throat and the tube of the florets. It strictly grows in limestone rock crevices. Its morphology is compared with those of S. evacoides Sch.Bip. and S. ishcaivilcanus Cuatrec.

An Unusual New Species of Bidens (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae) with its Phylogenetic Position and Taxonomic Notes

Abstract An unusual new species of Bidens (Asteraceae) from Brazil is described and its placement within the genus is elucidated by phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences. The new species, described as Bidens campanulata, is distinct in the genus based on its broadly campanulate corolla limb with long lobes, an extremely reduced involucre (shorter than the flower length), and the absence of awns on the pappus. This study presents a taxonomic treatment of the species of Bidens with discoid capitula endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado, including a key to the species, typification, and information on conservation status.

Lectotypification of Syneilesis australis (Asteraceae: Senecioneae)

Syneilesis Maximowicz (1859: 165) (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) is a small genus of seven species distributed mainly in China, Korea, and Japan (Chen & Nordenstam 2011). All its species are perennial herbs with 2 or 3 palmatisect stem leaves and a corymbose or paniculate synflorescence composed of several to many discoid capitula. The genus differs from its putative closest allies, including Miricacalia Kitamura (1936: 214), Parasenecio Smith & Small (1922: 93) and Sinacalia Robinson & Brettell (1977: 274), primarily by having a single cotyledon (Maximowicz 1859; Kitamura 1934) and a base chromosome number of x = 26 (Koyama 1961; Takeshita 1961; Arano 1964).

Kieslingia chilensis (Asteraceae: Astereae), a new genus and species from northern Chile

Kieslingia chilensis, a new genus and species of tribe Astereae (Asteraceae) from northern Chile restricted to the Huasco river basin of the Andes pre-mountain Range in the Atacama region is described and illustrated. The combination of its diagnostic characters including discoid homogamous capitula, alveolate epaleate receptacles, and deeply trifid leaves, is not found in any other species of South American Astereae. An ITS phylogenic analysis placed Kieslingia chilensis within subtribe Hinterhuberinae, and sister to the genus Guynesomia, also endemic to Chile. The morphological characteristics of Kieslingia chilensis are compared and contrasted to sister taxa as identified by the molecular phylogenetic studies and the environmental features of the area where the species is found are discussed. A key to distinguish Kieslingia from other Astereae genera of northern Chile is given. Based on IUCN criteria and categories we assign the Endangered (EN) category to Kieslingia chilensis.

Synotis xinningensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Hunan, China.

BackgroundSynotis is one of the several genera within Senecioneae (Asteraceae) with more than 40 species that are mainly distributed in China or in the Sino-Himalayan region. During a botanical expedition in central and southwestern China in 2011, we found an unusual population of Synotis in southwestern Hunan Province. To determine the taxonomic identity of the population, we carried out gross-morphological, floral micromorphological, and cytological observations.ResultsOur gross-morphological observations have shown that the population is most similar to Synotis changiana Y. L. Chen, but readily distinguishable in the discoid capitula (vs. radiate), and in the bracts of calyculus 9–10 (vs. 6–8), 6–7 mm long (vs. 3–4 mm). The floral micromorphological observations on the population and S. changiana agree with previous reports for other species of Synotis. The chromosomes of the population are counted to be 2n = 40 + 0–1B. Its karyotype is formulated as 2n = 22m + 14sm + 4st.ConclusionsThe population is determined to represent a new species, i.e. Synotis xinningensis M. Tang & Q. E. Yang, which is described herein. The new species belongs to Synotis ser. Synotis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1999-3110-54-16) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

<I>Senecio pseudodepressus</I> (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a New Species from San Juan Province, Argentina

Abstract Senecio pseudodepressus, a new species from the Province of San Juan, Argentina, is described and illustrated. Senecio pseudodepressus is morphologically similar to Senecio depressus, but it is distinguished by having mostly 3–8-dentate leaves, pedunculate capitula and pubescent achenes. The new species is assigned to Senecio section Senecio series Chilenses subseries Candidi by its subshrubby habit, tomentose indumentum and solitary discoid capitula. A key to distinguish species of Senecio subser. Candidi with dentate leaves and large involucres is provided. The differences between Senecio pseudodepressus and its related taxa are also discussed.

New synonyms and a new name in Asteraceae: Senecioneae from the southern African winter rainfall region

A review of the genera Othonna and Senecio undertaken for the forthcoming Greater Cape plants 2: Namaqualand-southern Namib and western Karoo (Manning in prep.) led to a re-examination of the taxonomic status of several species. This was facilitated by the recent availability of high-resolution digital images on the Aluka website (www.aluka.org) of the Drege isotypes in the Paris Herbarium that formed the basis of many species described by De Candolle in his Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis. These images made it possible to identify several names whose application had remained uncertain until now. Each case is briefly discussed, with citation of additional relevant herbarium specimens. The following species are reduced to synonomy: O. incisa Harv. is included in O. rosea Harv.; O. spektakelensis Compton and O. zeyheri Sond. ex Harv. are included in O. retrorsa DC.; S. maydae Merxm. is included in S. albopunctatus Bolus, which is now considered to include forms with radiate and discoid capitula; S. cakilefolius DC. is included in O. arenarius Thunb.; S. pearsonii Hutch, is included in O. aspertdus DC.; S. parvifolius DC. is included in S. carroensis DC.; S. eriobasis DC. is included in S. erosus L.f.; and S. lobelioides DC. is included in S. flavus (Decne.) Sch.Bip. The name S. panduratus (Thunb.) Less, is identified as a synonym of S. erosus L.f. and plants that are currently know n under this name should be called S. robertiifolius DC. The confusion in the application o f the names O. perfoliata (L.f.) Jacq. and O. filicaulis Jacq. is examined. O. perfoliata is lecto- typified against a specimen in the Linnaean Herbarium (LINN) w ith radiate capitula. The name O. filicaulis correctly applies to a radiate species and is treated as a synonym of O. perfoliata. The vegetatively similar taxon with disciform capitula that is currently known as O. filicaulis should be known as () undulosa (DC.) J.C.Manning Goldblatt, comb. nov. The new name O. daucifolia J.C.Manning Goldblatt is provided to replace the later homonym O. abrotanifolia (Harv.) Druce.

Senecio albus, a new species of Senecio sect. Adamantina (Senecioneae – Asteraceae) with an emendment to the section

Senecio albus J. N. Nakaj. & A. M. Teles, a new species of Senecio (Senecioneae – Asteraceae), is described from the National Park of Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species shares discoid capitula with S. gertii Zardini and is assigned to sect. Adamantina. This character is not in the circumscription for the sect. Adamantina and thus the description of the section is emended accordingly. A key to species of Senecio sect. Adamantina is provided.

Reinstatement of Ocyroe (Compositae: Astereae)

Nardophyllum armatum, a species from the Puna region of Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile is here transferred to genus Ocyroe, which in turn is resurrected from the synonymy under Nardophyllum. Ocyroe is characterized by thorny branches, discoid capitula, naked receptacles, glandular corollas with a globose swelling at the base, and a profuse 3- to 5-seriate pappus. The new combination Ocyroe armata and a lectotype for Dolichogyne armata are here presented.

Phylogeny and Systematic Position of Feddea (Asteraceae: Feddeeae): a Taxonomically Enigmatic and Critically Endangered Genus Endemic to Cuba

Abstract Abstract—The systematic position of Feddea (Asteraceae) has been enigmatic ever since its publication in 1925. The latest taxonomic accounts of the family left it either unplaced within subfamily Asteroideae or unplaced within tribe Inuleae. Macro-morphological and electron microscopy data (scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) indicated that Feddea is not part of an early branching lineage of the Asteraceae, contrary to what had been suggested in initial taxonomic accounts. Feddea has style branches with a 2-banded (vs. continuous) stigmatic surface, thus differing from early diverging lineages of the family. Among Asteroideae, Feddea is diagnosed by discoid capitula with all florets bisexual, long-caudate anthers, noncarbonized cypselae, and pollen with a narrow cavus region, columellae without internal foramina, but with a complex basal columellate layer. A phylogenetic reconstruction based on nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast gene ndhF showed that Feddea is ...

A New Species of <I>Senecio</I> (Asteraceae) from North Africa

Abstract A new species of Senecio from the Anti Atlas of Morocco, S. kerdousianus (Asteraceae: Senecioneae), is described and illustrated. The new species can be distinguished from other species of Senecio growing in the Anti Atlas in their discoid capitula, subentire lower leaves with coarse sinuate dentate margins, and cauline and upper leaves with broad auriculate bases. A key to related species from SW Morocco, south of the High Atlas, is provided.

A New Species of Emilia (Compositae: Senecioneae) from Western Tanzania

During work on generic accounts for the Flora of Tropical East Africa, Compositae part 3, a new species came to light, which is described below. It belongs to the group of Emilia species with discoid capitula and semi-amplexicaul leaves, hairy achenes, and white, yellow or red corollas. It is closest to Emilia coccinea in the style arms, which terminate in a subulate appendage of fused papillae, but differs from that species in the almost sessile leaves, the lower number of phyllaries (5 6 as opposed to 821), and the white (not red or orange) corolla. A curious feature is that a few, but not all, of the outer florets are slightly zygomorphic, with two of the corolla lobes slightly larger than the other three. This is unique among East African Emilia species, as far as we know, but E. pseudactis, E. lejolyana, E. malaisseana and E. robynsiana, all from Congo (Kinshasa), show the same character. Of these taxa our new species most resembles E. pseudactis, but differs in having a basal rosette of leaves (not spaced as in E. pseudactis), in the shorter petiole, in the larger leaves (10 27 x 10 18 as opposed to 712 x 210 mm); in the capitula with fewer florets (811 rather than 1663) with larger lobes in the zygomorphic florets (outer lobes 1.72.1 mm rather than 1.2 mm); and in the shorter pappus (1 1.5 mm and subplumose as opposed to 2 3 mm and barbellate). E. mbagoi grows in woodland at altitudes of 850 950 m rather than in woodland, on moist riverbanks or on rocky outcrops at 1400 2790 m like E. pseudactis. The name is in honour of one of the collectors, Mr Frank Mbago of Dar es Salaam herbarium, who has participated in many plant-hunting expeditions. Emilia mbagoi Beentje & Mesfin, sp. nov. E. pseudactis C. Jeffrey floribus zygomorphis habituque affinis sed foliis majoribus plerumque in rosulas basales confertis, petiolis brevioribus, flosculis per capitulum paucioribus, in flosculis zygomorphis lobis corollae majoribus, pappo breviore sed subplumoso differt. Typus: Tanzania, Nkansi Distr., 45 km on Namanyere Karonga road, Bidgood, Mbago & Vollesen 2656 (K!, holotypus, DSM, isotypus).

Revision of the genus Paragynoxys (Asteraceae, Senecioneae–Tussilagininae)

A revision of the neotropical genusParagynoxys of the Asteraceae (tribe Senecioneae) is presented. This group is a distinct entity characterized by a pachycaulous arborescent habit, homogamous discoid capitula, the presence of white corollas with limbs divided to the base, sagittate anthers, and style branches with enlarged conical tips. In the present treatment, 12 species are accepted. Descriptions of the genus and species, a key to species, synonyms, a new combination (Paracalia lopezii, based onParagynoxys lopezii), and distribution data are presented.

Molecular phylogeny of Subtribe Artemisiinae (Asteraceae), including Artemisia and its allied and segregate genera

BackgroundSubtribe Artemisiinae of Tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae) is composed of 18 largely Asian genera that include the sagebrushes and mugworts. The subtribe includes the large cosmopolitan, wind-pollinated genus Artemisia, as well as several smaller genera and Seriphidium, that altogether comprise the Artemisia-group. Circumscription and taxonomic boundaries of Artemisia and the placements of these small segregate genera is currently unresolved.ResultsWe constructed a molecular phylogeny for the subtribe using the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA analyzed with parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian criteria. The resulting tree is comprised of three major clades that correspond to the radiate genera (e.g., Arctanthemum and Dendranthema), and two clades of Artemisia species. All three clades have allied and segregate genera embedded within each.ConclusionsThe data support a broad concept of Artemisia s.l. that includes Neopallasia, Crossostephium, Filifolium, Seriphidium, and Sphaeromeria. However, the phylogeny excludes Elachanthemum, Kaschgaria, and Stilnolepis from the Artemisia-group. Additionally, the monophyly of the four subgenera of Artemisia is also not supported, with the exception of subg. Dracunculus. Homogamous, discoid capitula appear to have arisen in parallel four to seven times, with the loss of ray florets. Thus capitular morphology is not a reliable taxonomic character, which traditionally has been one of the defining characters.

A New Combination in Kleinia (Compositae)

The results of recent studies by Jeffrey (1986) show that Kleinia Mill. cannot satisfactorily be separated from Notonia DC., and he has reduced the latter genus to sub-generic rank within Kleinia. Notoniopsis B. Nord. is not distinguishable from Kleinia Mill. by any reliable characters and is placed in synonymy. Kleinia, as defined by Jeffrey (1. c.) has constantly discoid capitula, uniform pappus hairs, narrow, elongated anther-collars, only slightly dilated at the base, drusiform crystals in the ovary wall and short to elongated conical style-arm appendages. Comparison of 2 Indian taxa, Kleinia grandiflora (DC.) N. Rani and Notonia balsamica Dalzell & Gibson, shows them to be congeneric, which necessitates a new combination in Kleinia for the latter species, as follows:-