Disclosure Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Research Articles

Effect of Environmental Disclosure on Cost of Equity of Listed Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria

As concerns about climate change, pollution and resource scarcity intensifies, stakeholders are placing greater emphasis on the environmental practices of organisations. Based on this, the study examined the effect of environmental disclosure on the cost of equity of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was adopted, and panel data covering ten (10) years (2013-2022) were collected across eighteen (18) listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria which formed the sample size of the study. The data collected were analysed using panel multiple regression analysis via E-views 10.0 statistical package. The study findings revealed environmental risk disclosure (Coeff. = -0.0269{0.0107}) and waste management disclosure (Coeff. = -0.0178{0.0009}) have significant negative relationships on cost of equity (COE) of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria while greenhouse gas emission disclosure (GGED) has an insignificant negative effect (Coeff. = -0.0075{0.3966}) on cost of equity (COE) of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. It was thus concluded that environmental accounting disclosure plays a crucial and significant role in shaping the cost of equity of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study recommended, amongst others, that regulatory bodies and industry associations should advocate for the integration of robust waste management disclosure strategies within corporate reporting frameworks to mitigate environmental impact and promote sustainable business practices.

Scope 3: what question are we trying to answer?

Once a little-scrutinized and largely optional aspect of corporate greenhouse gas emissions disclosure, Scope 3 emissions accounting and reporting is now a common element of voluntary climate best practice and is increasingly being adopted as part of new mandatory corporate climate disclosure policies. As Scope 3 disclosure becomes more central to what companies are asked (or required) to do, we perhaps should ask anew what exactly it is we are trying to accomplish. While those NGOs and other stakeholders that designed the Scope 3 framework and who have included it in highly influential corporate leadership programs were well-intentioned, it is becoming clear that the system as designed is ill-suited to serve its fundamental purpose: driving corporate actions to reduce, avoid, and remove greenhouse gas emissions. Scope 3 inventories are often seen as an end in and of themselves, yet from a climate perspective, they are only tools—and only useful if they help lead to positive emissions impact. What companies are asked to do regarding value chain emissions is not adequately aligned with what climate science demands. Therefore, greenhouse gas accounting, disclosure, and leadership programs and rules must modernize their approaches to Scope 3. Options include: limiting data collection requirements to seeking actionable, primary data; using proxy data only as a baseline from which the demonstrated impact of emissions-reducing interventions can be credited by target setting and leadership programs; and by fully embracing the use of verified market mechanisms to enable investments in positive emissions impact.

PENGARUH BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION DISCLOSURE DAN SUSTAINABILITY REPORT DISCLOSURE TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN DENGAN ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI

In this study, the authors were interested in researching how Board of Commissioners, Greenhouse Gas Emission Disclosure and Sustainability Report Disclosure to Corporate Value with Environmental Management as Moderation Variables. This study used a population of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020 which amounted to 190 companies, according to the criteria required in this study there were only 25 manufacturing companies that were sampled for the years 2016 to 2020. This study uses multiple regression analysis with the results of research that Board of Commissioners has a positive effect on corporate value, Greenhouse Gas Emission Disclosure has no effect on corporate value and Sustainability Report Disclosure has a significant positive effect on corporate value. Environmental Management moderation variables do not strengthen the relationship of Board of Commissioners, Greenhouse Gas Emission Disclosure and Sustainability Report Disclosure to Corporate Value.

The Relationship Between Gender Diversity and Quality of Greenhouse Gas Emission Disclosure in Indonesian Islamic Bank

This study aims to examine how gender diversity in Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) affect the quality of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions disclosure. The sample of this study consists of 64 observations (14 Islamic banks in Indonesia) during 2015-2018. The analysis of this study is using regression analysis with unbalanced panel data. It was found that gender diversity in SSB has no significant effect on quality of GHG emissions disclosure in Indonesian Islamic banks. It is probably due to the women’s representation in SSB is low. It indicates that Indonesia still faces a large gap in the percentage of women serving on boards and in leadership positions compared to men. The result is also likely to occur because SSB is still focused on its duties and responsibilities in the operational activities of Islamic banks, for example regarding the approval of new products, overseeing whether the contract is under the sharia principles, and reviewing Islamic bank financial statements.

Board Ancestral Diversity and Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Disclosure

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between board diversity and firms’ decisions to voluntarily disclose information about their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We focus on board ancestral diversity as a relatively new dimension of (deep‐level) board structure and document that it has a positive and statistically significant effect on a firm's scope and quality of voluntary GHG emission disclosure. The effect goes beyond the impact of more common (surface‐level) dimensions of board diversity and remains robust after addressing endogeneity concerns. In line with the theoretical conjecture that diversity enhances a board's advising and monitoring capacity, we find that the impact of diverse boards is stronger in more complex firms and in firms with low levels of institutional ownership. Overall, our findings provide evidence for board diversity being a relevant governance factor in corporate environmental decision making.

Do Environmental Management Systems, Environmental Performance, and Firm Size Influence Greenhouse Gas Emission Disclosures?

This study aims to investigate whether the variables related to environmental management systems, environmental performance, and company size impact the reporting of greenhouse gas emissions. This research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing secondary data from annual and sustainability reports selected through purposive sampling. Information was gathered from official company websites and the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI). The study encompasses 68 samples from an unbalanced panel data set of 28 companies from 2019 to 2021. The analytical methodology employed in this research involves panel data regression analysis. The results indicate that environmental management system variables and company size do not significantly influence greenhouse gas emission disclosures. However, it was observed that company size does have a notable positive effect on reporting greenhouse gas emissions. These findings offer valuable insights for governments and other institutions aiming to enhance environmental policies and foster improved greenhouse gas emission transparency within the industrial sector.

Does cost of debt reflect the value of quality greenhouse gas emissions reduction efforts and disclosure?

Using a sample of North American companies reporting to the CDP (formerly Carbon Disclosure Project), we investigate whether details of companies’ carbon management practices reduce the cost of debt associated with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with credit risk ratings as a proxy for cost of debt. Specifically, employing structural equation modeling (SEM) for the main analysis and three-stage least squares (3SLS) regression for further in-depth analysis, we simultaneously, yet separately, study the effect of detailed GHG emissions performance and assured GHG emissions disclosure on the cost of debt. Based on the theory of voluntary disclosure, our findings suggest that providing details about the implementation of many diverse GHG emissions reduction projects and assuring GHG emissions disclosure provides integrity to carbon management practices and, therefore, decreases cost of debt. Furthermore, we find that a reduced cost of debt assists companies to invest more in GHG reduction related projects. We recommend that further research considers aspects of voluntary disclosure that add to its integrity.

Foreign Institutional Investors, Legal Origin, and Corporate Greenhouse Gas Emissions Disclosure

Foreign Institutional Investors, Legal Origin, and Corporate Greenhouse Gas Emissions Disclosure

Disclosure of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Disclosure of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Institutional Dual Ownership and Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Disclosure

Institutional Dual Ownership and Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Disclosure

Greenhouse Gas Emission Accounting Disclosure, Corporate Characteristics and Governance: An Empirical Investigation on Indonesian Firms

Currently the world is facing global warming, one of the causes of which is greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. For these reasons, the disclosure of GHG emission information is one of the interesting research areas. However, previous research generally focused on developed countries with inconsistent findings. In this sense, this study aims to contribute to GHG disclosure by analyzing the characteristics of firms as determinants of GHG emission disclosure in a developing country, Indonesia. This study also analyzed the role of corporate governance consisting of the structure of the board of commissioners and the effectiveness of the audit committee in moderating the effect of corporate characteristics on GHG emission disclosure. The sample consisted of 69 firms-years companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The results of testing with Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) showed that the structure of the board of commissioners; consisting of indicators of independence, women representation, and the number of members of the board of commissioners; strengthened the leverage effect on GHG emission disclosure. The results of the moderation test also showed that the effectiveness of the audit committee can encourage firms with high leverage and poor performance to reveal more GHG emissions.

Mandatory carbon disclosure and green committees

The study examines how the United Kingdom (UK) mandatory greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) disclosure regulation affects the number of directors on environmental-related board committees. Using a difference-in-difference specification with a quasi-natural experiment set-up of the mandatory GHG disclosure regulation in the UK, the study finds firms listed on the UK main market increase their absolute and relative directors on environmental-related board committees after the passage of the regulation. This result is robust to a series of robustness tests that include alternative definitions of the treated and control groups and placebo tests.

The impact of audit committee characteristics, financial performance, and listing age on greenhouse gas emission disclosures of highly emitted industry in Indonesia

Greenhouse gas or carbon emissions produced by manufacturing operations and other highly emitted industries are causes of global warming. Therefore, either in the sustainability reporting or in the corporate social and environmental reporting section, as stated in the annual report, the company usually discloses its activities related to carbon emission handling for sustainable business. In Indonesia, however, the extent of carbon emission disclosures is voluntary. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of audit committee characteristics, financial performance, and listing age on carbon emissions reporting of highly emitted companies in Indonesia. Audit committee characteristics were measured by the number of audit committee members and the number of audit committee meetings, while Altman financial distress model measured financial performance. A checklist based on the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) evaluated the greenhouse gas emissions disclosures. This study uses 99 companies of highly emitted industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Results of multiple regression analysis indicate that the number of audit committee meetings positively affects the greenhouse gas emissions report. The result suggests that the more active the audit committee in the company in conducting meetings, the higher the company’s incentives to disclose carbon emission in the company’s annual report or the sustainability reporting. The study provides insight into the regulation released by the capital market authority agency regarding strengthening factors that may influence listed companies to report their carbon emission.

Proprietary costs and the choice of hard and soft greenhouse gas emissions’ disclosure

AbstractWe test whether proprietary costs (relating to competition) are associated with disclosure of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of companies in annual and stand‐alone sustainability reports. We use the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 disclosure requirement to create a natural experiment to control for endogeneity issues. Disclosure is significantly higher when there are lower proprietary costs from existing rivals and higher proprietary costs from potential new entrants for hard, and soft disclosures.

Board Ancestral Diversity and Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Disclosure

Board Ancestral Diversity and Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Disclosure

Supply chains (Scope 3) toward sustainable food systems: An analysis of food & beverage processing corporate greenhouse gas emissions disclosure

To align business activities with the Paris Agreement goal to limit global warming to 1.5°, companies may disclose and set targets to mitigate their emissions. The global food system contributes up to 37% of total annual emissions. Major food & beverage processing companies heavily contribute to food system emissions through their supply chains. Despite this, sector-specific analysis of the status and quality of scope 3 emissions for food & beverage processing companies is lacking. Using 2018 CDP data to build a sample of 153 companies, the authors describe the state of voluntary disclosure, particularly for scope 3, for food & beverage processing companies. Further, the paper investigated the effect of emissions performance, national environmental policy, international negotiation group, and primary activity on scope 3 disclosure. It also examined the effect of primary activity, scope 3 disclosure, and national environmental policy and international negotiation group on direct- and energy-related emissions performance. The authors found scope 3 disclosure in the food & beverage processing sector was incomplete and inconsistent. The 2018 Environmental Performance Index score and the international negotiating group of a company's headquarter country were significant predictors of scope 3 disclosure by category. Firm size (by revenue) was the only significant predictor of direct and energy-related (scopes 1 and 2) emissions, but was not correlated with improved emissions performance. The authors concluded with a set of recommendations to improve the availability and transparency of scope 3 emissions data, and invited further research into sector-specific scope 3 disclosure, performance, effect of firm size and climate policy at the national and international levels. • Scope 3 disclosures by F&B processing companies lacked completeness and consistency. • Annual revenue predicted scope 1 & 2 emissions, larger firms were not more efficient. • Proposed ranking index for qualitative comments on relevant scope 3 category disclosures. • EPI score and UNFCCC alliance of firm home country explain scope 1 and 2 emissions intensity. • EPI score and UNFCCC alliances of firm home country explain completeness of scope 3 disclosure.

Executive Compensation, Disclosure of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Firm Value

<p><em>This study aims to determine the effect of executive compensation on firm value through greenhouse gas emissions disclosure as a mediation variable. Population in this research are firms listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and published sustainability reports for the period 2015 to 2019. The sample determination in this study used a purposive sampling method and obtained 150 companies. The data analysis technique in this research is using Partial Least Square (PLS) test. </em><em>This study shows that executive compensation has a significant positive effect on firm value but does not affect greenhouse gas emissions disclosure. Greenhouse gas emissions disclosure has no significant effect on firm value. </em><em>This research contributes to the relationship of literature about the greenhouse gas emissions being able to mediate partially the effect of executive compensation on firm value. Furthermore, it also addresses greenhouse gas emission and executive compensation using company samples and periods that have not been explored previously.</em></p>

CEO Overconfidence and Voluntary Disclosure of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: With a Focus on the Role of Corporate Governance

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between overconfident CEOs, voluntary disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions and firm value, and whether corporate (internal and external) governance affects this association. Using logistic regression and a firm-fixed effect model, I analyzed a sample of voluntary disclosing firms with the fiscal year in December that are listed in the Korean stock market for the period from 2011 to 2019, measuring corporate governance based on female representation within boards and industry-level competition. As a result, this study finds that, on average, CEO overconfidence is positively related to voluntary disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, in firms with more female representation on boards, the positive relationship between CEO overconfidence, voluntary disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions, and firm value is more pronounced, implying that women directors effectively monitor overconfident CEOs. Similarly, this positive relationship is also strengthened according to the degree of industry-level competition, which indicates that the external governance role of competition can alleviate CEO overconfidence. This study is meaningful as the first study to examine the effect of voluntary greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions disclosure on investors’ valuation in the Korean capital market, taking the characteristics of managers and governance structure into account.

The Potential and Limits of Environmental Disclosure Regulation: A Global Value Chain Perspective Applied to Tanker Shipping

Abstract Exploring how transnational environmental governance and the operation of global value chains (GVCs) intersect is key in explaining the circumstances under which mandatory disclosure can improve the environmental footprint of business operations. We investigate how the governance dynamics of the tanker shipping value chain (a major emitter of greenhouse gases) limits the effectiveness of the European Union (EU) monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) regulation, which mandates the disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions for ships calling at EU ports. Although MRV seeks to help shipowners and ship managers save fuel and reduce emissions, it does not address the complexity of power relations along the tanker shipping value chain and currently cannot disentangle how different actors influence the design, operational, commercial, and ocean/weather factors that together determine fuel consumption. In particular, the EU MRV neglects to reflect on how oil majors exert their power and impose their commercial priorities on other actors, and thus co-determine fuel use levels. We conclude that, in its current form, the EU MRV is unlikely to lead to significant environmental upgrading in tanker shipping. More generally, we argue that regulators seeking to facilitate environmental upgrading need to expand their focus beyond the unwanted behaviors of producers of goods and providers of services to also address the incentive structures and demands placed on them by global buyers.

Voluntary disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions by cities under carbon disclosure project: A sustainable development approach

AbstractToday's world is facing a serious challenge of high carbon emissions. A large number of studies are examining the deteriorating impact of carbon emissions at the country or firm level, but the literature on the voluntary carbon disclosure project (CDP) by cities is not rich. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the effect of the population (Pop) and gross domestic product (GDP) on carbon emissions of cities by using data of CDP. The dataset refers to a set of numerous cities from around the world, spanning the period from 2012 to 2016. Random effects panel regression and generalized method of moments (GMM), and quantile regressions techniques have been employed to empirically investigate the discussed relationship and to control the potential endogeneity issues, respectively. According to the results, population and GDP are substantial predictors of carbon emissions in sampled cities. Findings show that not only factories contribute to increasing carbon emissions rate, but cities are equally responsible for these emissions as they put no checks on their economic growth and population. The findings are also robust for policy implications.