Disclosure Of Events Research Articles

Are Current Disclosures Current? Evidence from Form 8-K Impairment Filings

Although Form 8-K rules mandate that firms report material events shortly after they occur, a limited safe harbor allows firms to delay disclosure of certain events if they arise or are discovered concurrently with preparation of the upcoming 10-K/Q filing. Additionally, the materiality thresholds used to determine whether a filing is required are subject to managerial discretion. Given these features that provide flexibility in 8-K reporting, our study uses 8-K Item 2.06 Material Impairments as a setting to investigate how frequently firms disclose information on an 8-K, relative to their 10-K/Q disclosures. Using a 2005–2020 sample period, we find that an 8-K Item 2.06 is filed in only 9.84% of firm-quarters with 10-K/Q impairments. We then examine managerial incentives underlying the 8-K Item 2.06 filing choice and find a greater likelihood of filing in quarters where stock options are granted and where insider stock purchases are higher, and a reduced likelihood when raising capital. Further analyses explore the safe harbor and materiality choice as mechanisms, as well as the effect of consecutive losses on the 8-K filing choice. Overall, our study demonstrates the rarity in which firms disclose impairments on a current basis and provides evidence of a relation between managerial incentives and the choice to file an 8-K for mandatory reportable events.

Mandatory Disclosure of Negative Events and Auditor Behavior: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Using the staggered adoption of data breach disclosure (DBD) laws, this paper studies the impact of mandatory disclosure of adverse corporate events on audit fees. DBD laws increase the frequency of disclosed cyber incidents, which adversely impacts firms’ financial condition and operations; this could result in a higher risk of misstatement and reputation loss for auditors. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that auditors charge higher fees after the adoption of DBD laws. We also find that the increase in audit fees is more pronounced in firms with higher cyber risk and greater auditor reputational concerns. Furthermore, governance mechanisms and resources that are available to auditors can mitigate the rise in audit fees. Robustness tests suggest that the effect is not driven by realized cyber incidents and other contemporaneous events. Overall, our study provides evidence that the mandated disclosure regulation significantly affects audit pricing.

The Shariah non-compliance (SNC) disclosure index of Islamic banks in Malaysia

Purpose This study aims to examine the Shariah non-compliance (SNC) disclosure index for all 16 Malaysian Islamic banks from 2015 to 2020. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research methodology was adopted that included content analysis. The data were gathered from banks’ annual reports from 2015 to 2020. To achieve this, firstly, the disclosure index was developed by examining the disclosure requirements of the regulator and previous studies. The index was then used to measure the level of disclosure index for all these banks. Findings The overall average SNC disclosure index for the Islamic banks from 2015 to 2020 remained low at 0.57. However, the values were comprised of mandatory and voluntary items. For the former, the SNC disclosure index was quite high at 0.82, but for the voluntary items, the value was 0.40. Progressive improvement can be observed in the disclosure practices of the majority of the Islamic banks between 2015 and 2020; nevertheless, certain banks displayed a deterioration in their disclosure practices. Research limitations/implications This study has several limitations, including the index used, the research period and the fact that it was restricted to SNC events. Practical implications These findings add value for information users by assuring them of the accountability of Islamic banks in terms of transparency, as well as their effectiveness in managing and mitigating SNC events. Regular monitoring and strong enforcement by the regulator are essential to achieve full compliance with the stipulated requirements. Originality/value This study offers a disclosure index for analysing SNC events in depth by segregating the disclosure into mandatory and voluntary items for each Islamic bank and making recommendations for future research. In addition, it provides a broad overview of current trends in SNC and the associated issues, as well as insights for regulators and the public in terms of the transparency levels of Islamic banks in relation to SNC event disclosure.

Disclosure of medical errors and untoward events involving gametes and embryos: an Ethics Committee opinion

Medical providers have an ethical duty to disclose clinically significant errors involving gametes and embryos. Although not mandatory, disclosure of errors causing no harm or near misses is recommended. In addition, clinics should have written policies in place for reducing and disclosing errors.

The Role of Pediatric Nurses During Preventable Adverse Event Disclosure: A Scoping Review.

Preventable adverse events (PAEs) occur across the healthcare spectrum; and, unfortunately, errors, adverse events, and PAEs are common in pediatric care. Historically, the role of disclosure of PAEs to patients and their families occurred between the dyad of physician and patient, with physicians assuming the responsibility of disclosure. In recent years, a trend toward a multidisciplinary team-based approach has emerged in some institutions, yet the role of pediatric nurses within the team disclosing a PAE is not fully understood. Given the unique relationship between pediatric nurses and their patients and their families, it is essential to understand does the literature tell us about the role of pediatric nurses during PAE disclosure? The Arksey and O'Malley scoping review method guided this study protocol and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews framework guided reporting. The final sample included five articles for synthesis: none reported or described a specific role for pediatric nurses during PAE disclosure. There is a gap in the literature on the role of pediatric nurses during PAE disclosure. Two themes emerged from this review: the use of a team-based approach to disclosure, and the need to provide emotional support to the pediatric patient and their family. There is a need for additional investigation into the role of pediatric nurses as part of a team-based disclosure process and how pediatric nurses currently provide, or desire to provide, emotional support to the patient and their family.

Impression management of biodiversity reporting in the energy and utilities sectors: An assessment of transparency in the disclosure of negative events

The aim of this paper is to analyse the official corporate reports of selected companies in the utilities and energy sectors to determine whether they report transparently on negative biodiversity-related events or instead present an idealised image through impression management strategies. For this purpose, through a counter-accounting approach, external sources were consulted to find information on incidents with an impact on biodiversity for selected companies from the energy and utilities sectors. 47 incidents linked to 17 companies were identified and the information obtained from the unofficial sources was then compared with what the companies had disclosed in their sustainability reports. Half of the incidents identified were not disclosed at all and those that were informed were, in most cases, partially reported using impression management mechanisms.

Convolution Neural Network Based Prediction for Eye Gaze Estimation

Levels of progress in progress have truly made it possible to get various kinds of biometric information from individuals, enabling bases on assessment of human conditions in cure, auto prospering, advancing, and various zones. These evaluations have particularly featured eye improvement as a convincing marker with respect to human conditions, and assessment on its applications is adequately being pursued. The contraptions as of now for the most part used for assessing eye overhauls rely on the video-oculography (VOG) procedure, wherein the course of look is outlined by managing eye pictures crushed a camera. Applying convolutional neural network (ConvNet) to the getting ready of eye pictures has been seemed to enable exact and unprecedented look assessment. Ordinary picture overseeing, in any case, is begun on execution using a PC, making it difficult to finish consistent look. We hence propose another eye picture overseeing framework that cycles look assessment and event disclosure starting with one fulfillment then onto the accompanying using a self-governing engineered lightweight ConvNet. This paper evaluates the course of action of the proposed lightweight ConvNet, the frameworks for learning and appraisal used, and the proposed methodology's ability to meanwhile see look heading and event occasion using a truly unassuming memory and at lower computational complex nature than standard ways of thinking.

Integration Framework of Accounting and Auditing and its Subsequent Influence on Financial Reporting

This study aims to illustrate the profound influence that the integration and interconnection of financial accounting and auditing principles have on financial reporting and demonstrate the potential benefits of integrating financial information systems to enhance the accuracy, clarity, and usefulness of financial data. This integration is expected to contribute to more informed economic decision-making processes. A survey instrument was created consisting of three dimensions, with each dimension matching one of the research variables. The instrument was distributed to a sample population of individuals who possess expertise and practical experience in accounting and auditing. A sample size of 287 questionnaires was administered in this study. To achieve the research objectives, the study hypotheses were evaluated by conducting statistical analyses of the collected data. Furthermore, the research investigated the relationship and incorporation of the elements within the theoretical framework for global financial reporting and the principles of auditing, along with their impact on the process of financial reporting. The objective above was accomplished using several statistical methodologies, including structural equation modelling, path analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and path derivation. In addition, longitudinal data models were developed, and regression models were estimated, incorporating autocorrelation, multiple correlations, and variance. The conceptual framework employed in the study of accounting and auditing has played a significant role in mitigating information asymmetry and promoting a greater focus on objectivity and suitability in the measuring of accounting data. The fundamental basis of this paradigm is grounded in the concepts of mixed measurement and adoption. The utilisation of historical cost and current value measures, along with the integration between the conceptual framework of accounting and the conceptual framework of auditing, play a role in promoting effective and fair financial reporting regarding the economic entity's ability to maintain its operations in the future. Furthermore, these methods serve to guarantee an adequate level of disclosure of subsequent events, thereby reducing ambiguity.

Experiences and Perceptions of Healthcare Stakeholders in Disclosing Errors and Adverse Events to Historically Marginalized Patients.

We sought to assess the experiences and perceptions of healthcare stakeholders involved in the response to historically marginalized patients who have been harmed in healthcare. We investigated the challenges in disclosing errors and adverse events and the types of tools and resources that would better address the needs of historically marginalized patient populations. We conducted separate focus groups with two healthcare stakeholder groups: (1) frontline clinicians directly involved in the clinical care of historically marginalized patients and (2) risk and patient safety professionals involved in the hospital response to care breakdowns. We conducted an inductive analysis of the qualitative data to identify thematic clusters. We interviewed 7 clinicians and 5 risk safety professionals, with a total sample size of 12 participants. Participants shared multilevel challenges in responding to historically marginalized patients after harm (system-, organizational-, and patient-level), such as fragmentation of care, lack of standardized protocols, and patient mistrust. Participants also identified their desired tools and resources for disclosure to meet the needs of historically marginalized patients, which included culturally appropriate toolkits, disclosure training, and the inclusion of multidisciplinary healthcare team members in the disclosure process. Our results suggest that multiple interventions will be needed to achieve the goal of prompt disclosure of errors and adverse events across all populations engaged in health care. Future studies should investigate the perspectives of historically marginalized patients and their family members on how error and adverse event disclosure conversations should unfold.

Costs associated with exit or disposal activities: A topic modeling investigation of disclosure and market reaction

SummaryThe Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) mandates disclosure of exit or disposal activity events in 8‐K filings. We use Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a topic modeling method from computational linguistics, to investigate the possibility that substantively different event types may be subsumed under Item 2.05, the SEC category for costs associated with exit or disposal activities. Our analysis reveals that four distinct topics are reported under the Item 2.05 umbrella category: (1) restructuring, (2) disposal of a line of business, (3) plant closings, and (4) layoffs/workforce reductions. We then investigate various aspects of these 8‐K filings. We find that the market reacts most negatively to workforce reductions that are reported in the absence of a broader strategic initiative. Subsequent amendments to the Item 2.05 8‐K filings are significantly more likely for restructuring initiatives, and significantly less likely for layoffs. Asset impairment charges most frequently accompany line‐of‐business disposals and plant closings. Our results demonstrate that there are meaningful differences between the event types reported within Item 2.05 filings and that LDA provides a useful means of differentiating among these event types.

Can I Tell You Something? Implications of Event Disclosure at Work for Disclosers and Responders

Can I Tell You Something? Implications of Event Disclosure at Work for Disclosers and Responders

"The Little Prince" Ballet Performed by Radu Poklitaru: Features of Implementation of Classics

The purpose of the article is to reveal artistic images in "The Little Prince" ballet performance by Radu Poklitar with music by V. A. Mozart and Ukrainian lullabies performed by Maria Pylypchak. The methodology of the work is based on cultural analysis with elements of musicological analysis. The performed analysis provides familiarity with the ballet performance, the production of which took place on the theatre stage. Based on the synthesis of the obtained research results, the regularities of stage development in the interaction of choreography, music, and visualisation were established. The method of generalisation helped to record the sequence of formation of ballet images, disclosure of events in dialogue with music and visual series. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the analysis of the said ballet by Radu Poklitaru has been conducted. The interaction of choreography, music, and visual series in the embodiment of the philosophical fairy tale by Antoine Saint-Exupéry is revealed. The text of the article can be used when preparing a lecture on teaching music-theoretical and music-historical disciplines. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of "The Little Prince" ballet performance, the musical characteristics of the Little Prince, Rose, Snake and other actors were revealed by Radu Poklitaru. The stage unity of choreography, music, and visual series helped embody artistic images in the music-theatre genre. Choreography (elements of classics, free movements, imagery in movements) is supported by musical emotion and visualisation. The visual series significantly influenced the transmission of the philosophy and content of the literary source. The dramaturgy of the ballet is subordinated to the plot development. The musical basis of ballet became the basis for the realisation of artistic images in ballet: Mozart's works (Symphony No. 1, Fantasia in D minor, Piano Concerto with Orchestra No. 23, Part 2) and Ukrainian lullabies.
 Key words: embodiment of the classics, literary source, piano music, symphony, fantasy, artistic image, Radu Poklitaru’s "The Little Prince" ballet, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ukrainian lullabies.

Risk Management-Obstetrics and Gynecology Perspective.

The Obstetrics and Gynecology physician's likelihood to experience medical malpractice claims are higher than in other medical specialties. We will review the basic principles of health care risk management, the role of the risk manager, and the importance of health care risk management in risk mitigation for obstetrics and gynecology physicians. Attention is focused on medical record documentation, disclosure of adverse events, second victim programs, grievance management techniques, alternative dispute resolution concepts, regulatory inquiries including state licensure investigations, product failures, and electronic media strategies. Concluding, health care risk management may be used as a claim avoidance tool and provider protective vehicle for physicians.

Error disclosure in neonatal intensive care: a multicentre, prospective, observational study

ImportanceSurveys based on hypothetical situations suggest that health-care providers agree that disclosure of errors and adverse events to patients and families is a professional obligation but do not always disclose...

Cross-cultural differences in supportive responses to positive event disclosure

ABSTRACT Perceived reactions to sharing of good news (capitalization), can have important implications for romantic relationships. Typically, when European Americans perceive that their partners respond in an active constructive (versus passive and/or destructive,) manner, they tend to perceive their partners as more responsive and report higher relationship quality. However, cross-cultural differences in norms can influence peoples’ preference for different capitalization responses and whether different capitalization responses convey partner responsiveness. In a combined sample of European Americans, East, and South Asians (N = 915), we investigated whether links among capitalization responses, perceived partner responsiveness, and relationship quality differed by culture. People who perceived active constructive and passive destructive responses reported higher and lower levels of partner responsiveness and relationship satisfaction, respectively. Further, European Americans who perceived active destructive, and European Americans and East Asians who perceived passive constructive, responses, reported less partners responsiveness and relationship satisfaction. South Asians who perceived passive constructive responses reported greater partner responsiveness and relationship satisfaction. East and South Asians who perceived active destructive responses did not differ in relationship satisfaction. Our findings provide a cross-cultural perspective on the study of romantic couples’ positive event disclosure and expand capitalization research to an understudied sample of South Asians.

Perceptions of Allegations of Repeated Victimization: The Roles of Event Frequency, Language Specificity, and Disclosure Delay.

Although many forms of victimization are repeated (e.g., domestic violence), we know relatively little about the perceived credibility of adult claimants who allege repeated maltreatment. We examined the effects of Event Frequency (Single vs. Repeated), Language Specificity (Episodic vs. Generic), and Disclosure Delay (Immediate vs. Delayed) on laypersons' perceptions of claimant credibility. Participants (N = 649) read a mock interview transcript and provided subjective ratings (e.g., credibility, likelihood of suspect guilt, claimant responsibility). When the alleged abuse occurred a single time (vs. repeatedly), participants rated the interviewee as less blameworthy but no more (or less) credible. Exploratory findings indicated that female participants viewed the interviewee as more credible and less responsible than did male participants.

Perception of the Disclosure of Adverse Events in a Latin American Culture: A National Survey.

Adverse events are common and are responsible for a significant burden in the healthcare setting. Such issues can vary according to the local culture and relevant policies. The current literature on the subject primarily addresses Anglo-Saxon cultures; this study focused on understanding the perception of disclosure in a middle-income country in Latin America. In this descriptive study conducted from June-August, 2021, an online self-administered survey about disclosure practice used a convenience sample of 995 Brazilian healthcare professionals. Based on two different outcomes presented following a hypothetical adverse event (outcome 1: death; outcome 2: no permanent damage), 77.9% of participants fully agree that disclosure should be performed in both scenarios. Although 67.1% claimed that disclosure changes the perception of the institution by those involved, only 8.3% fully agree that there would be a reduction in trust regarding the institution. Despite only 11.5% of participants fully agreeing that disclosure increases the chance of legal action against professionals and institutions, 92.7% fully or partially agree that judicialization was possible in scenario 1, and 72.4% agree it was possible in scenario 2. Of the participants, 64.2% claimed they already faced a "disclosure" situation, and 44.3% fully believe that the person directly involved in the adverse event should participate in the disclosure. In this sample of professionals from a middle-income country in Latin America, the practice of disclosure was considered ethical, and the majority of respondents affirmed that it should always be performed. Nonetheless, this call for transparency collides with participants' perception of a higher risk of legal action when disclosure is performed after a negative outcome situation.

The Effects of Covid 19 Pandemic to "Events After the Reporting Date": A Content Analysis on Turkish Firms

The Covid pandemic has had significant effects all over the world, and these effects have been and will be researched in various dimensions. In this study, the effect of the Covid pandemic on financial reporting was assessed and analyzed within the framework of IAS 10 Events After the Reporting Date. In the study, the interim financial statements of the companies included in the BIST 100 index as of 31 March 2020 were examined. 80% of the companies inspected made a statement regarding covid in events after the reporting date or in another footnote. 53 companies that made an after the reporting period event disclosure made statements about the covid pandemic. And only 3 companies made sufficient statement about the effects of the pandemic. In conclusion companies do not make sufficient and quality statements regarding the covid pandemic in their financial reports.

Events After the Reporting Period and Investment Decisions in Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

Investors worldwide require a high level of credibility and certainty from firms’ financial reports to anchor their investment decisions. Thus, it is paramount for firms to comply with the regulatory framework to make the latter a success. On this basis, this study aims to determine how disclosure and adjustments of events after the reporting period (IAS 10) affect investment decisions in manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive survey design. Out of a total population of 25 manufacturing companies, 15 were specifically selected for the study. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the companies’ six principal officers, including the managing director, the accountant, the credit officer/risk manager, the quality control officer, the internal auditor, and the operation/plant manager. The mean and standard deviation were used to answer research questions. The PPMC and linear regression analysis were used to test the hypothesis at the 0.05 significance level. It was found that the level of compliance with IAS 10 on disclosure and adjusting events after the reporting period is high among manufacturing companies. Also, disclosure and adjusting events significantly impact the investment decisions of manufacturing companies. The research suggests that relevant authorities strictly adhere to reporting criteria based on the results.

Nurses’ Perceptions Regarding Disclosure of Patient Safety Incidents in Selected Educational and Medical Centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences, 2020

Background & Aims: Patient safety is one of the most essential components of health care systems and is one of the most important pillars of quality in these organizations. Healthcare providers can improve a patient's safety status by interacting with patients and their families, controlling procedures, learning from mistakes, and communicating effectively with others on the health care team. Given that nurses spend more time caring for patients than other health care providers, they should be considered as the main group for planning to prevent and reduce the occurrence of medical errors. Increasing reporting and sharing of error information increases patient safety and prevents medical errors from recurring. Explicit disclosure of adverse events can maintain trust between health care providers and patients and reduce disputes and allegations of medical abuse. Therefore, considering the importance of patient safety, the researcher has decided to conduct a study with the aim of determining nurses' perception of the disclosure of patient safety. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the period of October to March 2020 in Tehran. The study population consisted of all nurses working in selected educational and medical centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences ( Rasoul Akram, Shahid Motahari, Shahid Hasheminejad, Shafa Yahyaian and Firoozgar Hospitals). The study was performed on 315 nurses. The sampling method in this stratified study was proportional .The tools used in this study consist of two parts: Demographic information form including questions about age, gender, marital status, education, employment status, work experience, work experience in other centers, ward, shift work and average overtime in Is the moon. Nurses' perceptions of the disclosure of patient safety incidents were measured using the Lee and Kim questionnaire. This questionnaire was translated and used for the first time in Iran. To determine the reliability of this questionnaire, the internal correlation of questions Cronbach's alpha and reproducibility were tested by test on 20 nurses at one week intervals, where Cronbach's alpha of the whole instrument was 0.885 and its intra-cluster correlation coefficient was 0.793. Analyzes were performed using SPSS software version 22 and using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test and analysis of variance). Finally, a significant level was considered less than 0.05 in the analyzes. Results: The results of the analysis showed that the general perception of nurses about the disclosure of patient safety Incidents with a mean of 55.66±13.20 (based on 0 to 100). The mean score (based on 0 to 100) was highest in the dimension of "nurses'perception of facilitators of open disclosure" with an average of 71.49 and in the dimension of "nurses' perception of the negative consequences of open disclosure" was the lowest with an average of 35.23. Nurses' perception of the disclosure of patient safety incidents had a statistically significant relationship only with the type of employment (P=0.04). A pairwise comparison showed that the average score of nurses with contract employment was significantly lower than formal (P=0.033) and contract (P=0.008). Also, the average score obtained in corporate nurses was significantly lower. It was less than conventional (P=0.029) and at other levels this difference was not significant. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study that nurses' overall perception of the disclosure of patient safety Incidents was positive, it is suggested that in order to improve patient safety Incidents disclosure, hospitals should create a positive culture in which explicit the disclosure of patient safety Incidents is first and foremost an opportunity Be considered to actively improve hospital safety. The people and the media must also create an atmosphere that reflects the trust and support of health care providers and institutions in exposing patient safety incidents. This allows healthcare providers to have positive perceptions of the disclosure of patient safety Incidents.