Disasters In Turkey Research Articles

Locating Emergency Stations Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Methods: Application of Ankara Province

An earthquake ranks first among natural disasters in Turkey, with a rate of 70%. Minimizing the effects of a disaster after it occurs is possible by establishing effective disaster management. Especially the earthquakes that occurred on February 6, 2023, showed how important it is to deliver aid to the disaster area. In this study, the problem of determining the location of emergency stations to be established in order to deliver aid to the disaster area in case of a disaster was examined. There are studies in the literature to determine the locations of emergency stations to be established in provincial centers. In this study, the locations of emergency stations to be established in the non-central districts of Ankara were tried to be determined using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. In the study, firstly, the criteria that would be effective in the location selection of emergency stations were determined, and the weights of these criteria were calculated with the Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (PFAHP) method. In the second stage of the study, 16 districts outside the center of Ankara were compared with the Pythagorean Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity To An Ideal Solution (PFTOPSIS) method, and the districts where emergency stations should be opened first were evaluated.

Yoksulluk ve Afetlerin İnsan Güvenliği ve Refahı Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye Örneği

Poverty and disasters are complex issues that directly impact the quality of life and security of people worldwide. Poverty makes communities more vulnerable to disasters, thereby increasing the risks of catastrophes. Factors such as inadequate infrastructure, unplanned urbanization, and resource limitations exacerbate the effects of poverty, potentially escalating the frequency and severity of disasters. Moreover, low educational attainment and insufficient pre-disaster risk management can adversely affect post-disaster crisis management, hindering swift recovery efforts for communities. Impoverished communities often struggle to access essential services such as emergency medical assistance in the aftermath of disasters. This difficulty significantly impairs post-disaster response and recovery efforts, deepening the impact of disasters on impoverished societies and prolonging the return to normalcy. Economic losses, asset depletion, and decreased labor productivity further push already impoverished populations into long-term cycles of poverty. Restrictions in accessing basic necessities also pose significant barriers during post-disaster recovery processes; challenges in transportation, housing, and nutrition can contribute to worsening poverty conditions. In this context, the role of poverty in disaster preparedness is crucial. It is vital for countries like Turkey to strengthen the capacities of all local communities and develop effective disaster strategies. Integrating poverty alleviation strategies with disaster management systems is essential to mitigate disaster risks, minimize post-disaster impacts, and facilitate faster community recovery. This study aims to underscore the importance of poverty in disaster preparedness processes and develop strategic recommendations by focusing on the relationship between poverty and disasters in Turkey. Keywords: Disaster, Disaster Management, Poverty, Security, Turkey

Investigation of the Effects of Disasters on the Development of Urban Form

Cities are in a dynamic structure that is in a constant process of change and transformation. In the process of changeand transformation, while cities grow by developing in various ways, their morphological structures also change. Inthis process, various natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, and flood, etc.) affect the changes in the cities and shapethe morphology of the cities to a great extent. Especially natural disasters that occur in urban centers can causesudden changes in the development of urban forms. This study, it is aimed to examine the spatial developments ofdisaster cities and the effects of morphological changes at the macro form level on the physical form of cities. Thoseaffected by earthquakes, one of the most experienced natural disasters in Turkey, and urban settlements whosecenters are desired to be changed; Erzincan, Sakarya-Adapazarı, Ağrı-Doğubeyazıt, Denizli, and Düzce provinces werechosen as typical case examples. Within the scope of the study; urban morphology was considered as a methodaiming to analyze the changes that a city or part of the city had undergone formally, and the urban developmentpatterns of the sample cities were examined by choosing the intervention scale city form in the city morphology.

EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT IN CONSTRUCTION SECTOR USING DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS METHOD

In addition to physiological needs such as hunger and thirst, people also have shelter needs. As a result of natural disasters such as fire, flood, earthquake, epidemics and wars, people settle in different regions. The world's increasing population, epidemics and disasters show how priority and vital the construction industry is. The earthquake disaster in Turkey and the increasing migration due to wars in the border regions once again reveal how important and priority the construction sector is for Turkey. As in many other sectors, labor and financial resources must be used efficiently in the construction industry. Measuring the efficiency of construction companies operating in Turkey is very important for the current situation of the construction industry. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of ten companies on the Fortune 500 list operating in the field of construction and contracting in Turkey. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is generally widely used in efficiency measurement. In the study, input-oriented CCR model and Super Efficiency (SE)-CCR model were used for efficiency analysis. For DEA analysis, "total assets" and "number of employees" were used as input variables, and "net sales" were used as output variables. According to the DEA analysis results, three of the ten companies considered as decision-making units (DMU) were efficient. Efficient companies are ranked among themselves according to the results of the SE CCR model.

Being a nurse in Turkey's disaster: A phenomenological study on post-earthquake experiences

This study aimed to reveal the experiences of nurses who work in cities affected by earthquakes and provide care for earthquake survivors. The study is qualitative research with a phenomenological design. The study was conducted with 30 nurses, aged between 22 and 56 years old, who worked in public hospitals and provided care to earthquake victims in the areas affected by the earthquake centered in Kahramanmaraş. The obtained qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis method. The participating nurses in the study defined the nursing profession after the earthquake as selflessness, obligation, tiredness, and satisfaction. Additionally, the nurses reported experiencing some managerial and personal difficulties in the delivery of care services during the acute phase after the earthquake. The findings of this study can serve as a guide for developing current nursing care strategies during disasters and rapidly resolving issues that may arise in post-disaster nursing care. It is recommended to enhance existing Hospital Disaster Plans, provide in-service training to nurses, and make plans to rapidly increase personnel to cope with the expected increase in post-disaster care burden.

Use of Underground Mining Activities in Earthquake Search and Rescue Works

Although the mining sector has the task of providing raw materials directly or indirectly to industrialestablishments, it unfortunately contains great dangers and risks for its employees in terms of occupational health andsafety. Especially in mining enterprises operating underground, roof collapse, sudden gas discharge, flooding, gasexplosions etc. negativities that occur during production cause great material and moral destruction. In such big problems,well-trained rescue teams of mines play an important role in saving the lives of many miners. Earthquake disastersaffecting 11 provinces in Turkey caused great destruction, many people died in building debris and collapses, andbuildings and industrial facilities were severely damaged on Feb. 6 2023. In the search and rescue works that started afterthe earthquake, the outstanding efforts of the underground mine workers in the field and the methods they used in thesestudies attracted the attention of the public. In this study, evaluations were made by giving some underground rescuemethods used in search and rescue activities in the Adıyaman earthquake region which is one of 11 provinces affectedby the disaster in Turkey.

The emergence of a large disadvantaged group after the earthquake disaster in turkey on february 6, 2023, and investigation of inclusive education policy

The aim of this study is to examine the precautions and policies of the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) in the preearthquake period for disadvantaged groups that may be affected by earthquakes. One out of five students in Turkey was affected by the February 6, 2023, earthquake in the country. In terms of the education system, the earthquake caused psychological problems, difficulty accessing education, and economic issues. MoNE has not provided inclusive training for teachers for the education of children directly affected by earthquakes in the last five years. There is a teacher module for inclusive education for children affected by disasters, but there is no educational content for students directly affected by the earthquake.

Examining Turkey's Disaster Management Policies by Analyzing Legal and Administrative Norms

Bu araştırmada yasal ve idari normlar üzerinden Türkiye’nin afet yönetimine ilişkin politikalarını önleyici, müdahaleye dönük ve iyileştirici yönlerden ortaya koymak ve gelişime açık yönleri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden sistematik dokümantasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın kapsamı 27.10.2023 tarihi itibariyle yürürlükte olan Anayasa, yasalar, cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnameleri, yönetmelikler ve cumhurbaşkanlığı genelgeleriyle sınırlı tutulmuştur. Araştırma kapsamındaki mevzuat MAXQDA ve MS EXCELL yazılımları kullanılarak kodlanmış ve analize tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma kapsamında “Mevzuatın Spesifik veya Genelliği”, “Yönetmelik Etki Alanı”, “Mevzuatın Yürütücüsü”, “Mevzuatın Yürürlük Yılı”, “Hizmet Alanı” ve “Zamansal Çözümlemesi” temaları altında dağılım gösteren kod ve alt kodlar kullanılmıştır. Ulusal literatürde deprem mevzuatının bir bütün halinde sistematik analize tabi tutarak inceleyen çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Araştırmanın bu yönüyle literatüre katkı sağlayacağı değerlendirilmektedir. Araştırmada (1) Mevzuat hükümlerinin yayım tarihlerinin doğal afetlerin hemen sonrası döneme rastladığı; (2) Yönetmelik dışındaki normlar ulusal düzeyde düzenleme sağlarken yönetmeliklerin % 15 düzeyinde yerel ve bölgesel düzenleme de getirdiği; (3) Düzenlemelerin konularının mali hizmetler, imara ilişkin hususlar, hukuk hizmetleri, arama kurtarma hizmetleri ve eğitim hizmetleri üzerinde yoğunlaştığı; (4) Yaklaşık % 90’lık kısmın genel hükümler içerdiği ancak % 10’luk oranın ise spesifik bir afet olayını konu aldığı; (5) Önlemeye dönük normların müdahaleye ve iyileştirmeye dönük normlarla karşılaştırıldığında düşük oranda kaldığı bulgularına ulaşılmıştır.

Earthquake Environmental Effects and Building Properties Controlling Damage Caused by the 6 February 2023 Earthquakes in East Anatolia

On 6 February 2023, East Anatolia was devastated by two major earthquakes resulting in hundreds of thousands of collapses and tens of thousands of human casualties. This paper investigates the factors related to building properties and earthquake environmental effects (EEEs) that contributed to the building damage grade and distribution in southeastern Turkey. In regards to the building construction properties, the loose enforcement of the building code, the random urban planning solutions and the poor construction standards are the main construction deficiencies that led to one of the largest disasters in Turkey’s recent history. Regarding geological factors, the triggering of primary and secondary EEEs largely shaped the grade and distribution of damage. Where coseismic surface ruptures intersected with the built environment, heavy to very heavy structural damage was observed. This was evident in many cases along the ruptured segments of the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ). Liquefaction observed close to waterbodies caused damage typical of building foundation load-bearing capacity loss. The earthquake-triggered landslides affected mainly mountainous and semi-mountainous settlements characterized with pre-earthquake high related susceptibility. The high susceptibility to generation of EEEs was extensively confirmed in many cases resulting in extensive damage. The provided information highlights the importance of such studies for hazard mitigation and disaster risk reduction.

School buildings performance in 7.7 Mw and 7.6 Mw catastrophic earthquakes in southeast of Turkey

Although Turkey is located in one of the active earthquake belts of the world, the 7.7 and 7.6 magnitude earthquakes that occurred on February 6, 2023, 9 h apart, as rarely seen in the seismology literature, caused one of the biggest disasters in Turkey's history. In the earthquakes affecting an area of approximately 110,000 square kilometers, serious damage and collapse occurred in public buildings as well as other structures. There are more than 12,000 school buildings in the earthquake-affected area and this number constitutes an important part of public buildings. This article deals with the damage types and causes of various public school buildings that were exposed to the earthquakes in southern Turkey on February 6, 2023. The seismicity of the region and the effects of the 6 February earthquakes were discussed, and the response spectra of the different regions most affected by the earthquakes were compared with the design spectra defined in the codes. In addition, during the field investigation the damage types and causes of damage in school buildings were listed in sections and the observations made with performance based analytical studies were supported. From field reconnaissance, the importance of understanding the deficiencies of school buildings, which have social priority, in order to avoid tragic consequences in possible earthquakes has been revealed.

Mathematics education faculty members' perceptions of barriers to distance education: Q-method analysis

As a result of the great earthquake disaster in Turkey, mathematics education in universities was reorganized as distance education after the pandemic period. This article aims to identify the barriers to distance education practices in higher education. In line with the aim of this study; Q methodology was used to help determine the perceptions and perspectives of faculty members regarding the barriers to distance education in the process of teaching mathematics in higher education. Q methodology aims to reveal the internal frame of reference of individuals through their preferences. According to the findings of the study, participants identified barriers under 3 factors. These 3 factors, in order of weight, represent student, curriculum and technology barriers. In general, it was seen that the 4 factors revealed by the methodology in the study yielded results compatible with the literature. However, it was determined that the barriers arising from the teacher did not carry a factor load in the study. Another unique result was the identification of barriers arising from the nature of mathematics. It was understood that there are unique obstacles specific to the field of mathematics due to pedagogy and curriculum. In this respect, investigating the barriers to field-specific extended education will provide more accurate findings. In this study, which was conducted with Q methodology and supported by qualitative data, the identified barriers to distance education were consistent with the general literature. Q methodology reveals that it is a compatible tool for various research in similar situations.

Earthquakes in Turkey and Syria in 2023 and geodynamics of the Caucasus-Anatolian region

Background. The intensification of natural disasters all over the world requires the development of new approaches to the study of geological processes. This particularly concerns the areas at the boundaries of lithospheric plates, which are characterized by earthquakes, increased seismicity, volcanism, intensive heat flows, geothermal manifestations, landslide processes, tsunamis, and other dangerous natural processes and hazards. The Caucasus-Anatolian-Arabian region is a complex highly-stressed geodynamic structure, characterized by an increased heat flow, seismicity, magmatism, and volcanism. The geodynamics of this region is determined by the collision of the Eurasian and Arabian lithosphere plates, as well as by the evolution of the Alpine-Himalayan belt and surrounding areas. A 7.8 magnitude earthquake hit the South-East Turkey and North-West Syria on February 6, 2023. This was the largest earthquake in Turkey since the 1939 Erzincan earthquake, and the second-strongest since the 1668 North Anatolia earthquake. More than 52,800 deaths were confirmed, with about 46,100 in Turkey and 6,700 in Syria. It is the deadliest natural disaster in Turkey’s modern history with the estimated damage of over $100 billion. Aim. To construct geodynamic models for the deep structure of natural hazard regions, which can contribute to the study of active continental margins. This information is necessary for earthquake forecasting and prognosis, as well as for assessing geoecological risks and preparing the population in the event of natural disasters and catastrophes. Materials and methods. The formation and evolution processes of geological structures in complex geodynamic settings, as well as the forecasting and prognosis of natural hazards, required an analysis of all available geological and geophysical data. The methods of mechanical and mathematical modeling were used to formulate and solve the research problems. Results. Geodynamic models of the regions of hazardous natural processes were constructed with the purpose of forecasting and preventing natural disasters and catastrophes. An algorithm for creating monitoring systems was proposed. Conclusion. In several years (1–10 years), another earthquake near Istanbul can be expected. In the case that no large earthquake occurs in the East Anatolian fault in 1–2 years, this event is likely to occur in 100 years only.

Analytical Study on Retrofitting Concrete Retaining Wall with Concrete Lining

Today, retaining walls are gaining importance with the developing transportation networks. Different solutions are made in the design of retaining walls according to the land structure and ground condition. Various retrofitting methods are used in damaged retaining walls. Especially in recent years, natural disasters in Turkey have also affected the retaining walls. There may be damage and collapse in the retaining walls during and after the disaster. It is predicted that in the event of a possible collapse in the event of a disaster, loss of life and property may also occur. After the disaster, even if the retaining walls have not collapsed, they are damaged. In this case, collapse may occur in the next disaster due to collapse or environmental vibrations. It is also known that in post-disaster situations, it is vital that the transportation network remains active in order to deliver the necessary aid to the region. For all these reasons, in this study, the concrete lining method, which is one of the retrofitting methods of retaining walls, is mentioned. Thus, the effect of the concrete lining method applied on an exemplary retaining wallon modal parameters has been demonstrated. In this comparative study, it was observed that the stiffnessof the retaining wall increased with the concrete lining method. As a result of this study, it is suggested to retrofitting the retaining walls with the concrete lining method, taking into account the state of the walland environmental factors.

Early Earthquake Disaster Response Management: The BSMI Humanitarian Aid Experience in Turkey

On February 6, 2023, the regions of Turkey and Syria were struck by a devastating earthquake during the winter season, resulting in numerous casualties, injuries, displacement, and infrastructure damage. In response, the Turkish president appealed for international assistance, prompting the Indonesian Red Crescent to deploy a humanitarian aid team. The methods employed encompassed three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The implementation phase involved coordination, collaboration, and the distribution of humanitarian aid. The distribution of essential items such as ready-to-eat food, winter clothing, and medicine took place in Hatay Province and Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Effective coordination was established with the governments of Indonesia and Turkey, alongside collaboration with humanitarian agencies and Turkish medical organizations. Additionally, plans for the subsequent deployment of the medical team were reviewed. All activities were successfully executed and received positive feedback. The Indonesian Red Crescent successfully provided crucial assistance in response to the earthquake disaster in Turkey. The efforts encompassed various aspects, including aid distribution, coordination with relevant authorities, collaboration with partner organizations, and future planning. The outcomes achieved were noteworthy and yielded a positive impact.

Turkey's disaster and emergency profile: Settlement information and analysis of earthquake parameters

Thousands of people die and billions of dollars of financial loss occur every year in Turkey and the world due to natural disasters. Although many reports and regulations have been prepared to eliminate the negative situations caused by natural disasters, changing climate conditions, technological advances and social habits require these measures to be developed, renewed, and made sustainable over time. In this context, creating a data pool to prevent the loss of life and property caused by disasters and performing the necessary studies becomes even more important. In addition to disaster-related information, this data pool should include physical and geographic information such as the distances of people's communal living areas to the administrative centers, the population in these living areas, and transportation facilities. In this study, a disaster and emergency profile for Turkey has been tried to be presented. For this, the distances of all settlements to the districts and provincial centers they are connected to, the transportation times and speeds of these centers, the altitudes of the settlements, earthquake zone numbers, earthquake hazard map parameters, populations, and areas were compiled or calculated. The evaluation was made separately according to the districts and provinces, taking into account the determined limits. Based on the profile reached at the end of the study, suggestions were developed for planning and projects for disasters and emergencies.

From Outer Space to Earth – Resilience Management in Turkey'S Natural Disaster of 2023

Abstract In recent years, natural disasters have become more frequent and severe, causing significant damage to infrastructure, economy, and society. To enhance societal resilience to these events, the usage of space technology has become increasingly important. This article aims to explore the role of space technology in enhancing societal resilience to natural disasters, using the case of the 2023 natural disaster in Turkey. First, the article discusses the use of space technology in disaster monitoring, early warning systems, search and rescue operations, and damage assessment. Secondly, the article looks at the case of the recent earthquake in Turkey and attempts to reveal how Turksat satellite system has been used. The article concludes that space technology can play a crucial role in enhancing societal resilience to natural disasters.

Where are demolition wastes going: reflection and analysis of the February 6, 2023 earthquake disaster in Turkey

On 6 February 2023 at 09.17 BST, an earthquake measuring 7.8 on the Richter scale struck the southern border of Turkey near Syria, causing massive casualties and building damage. Badly damaged buildings need to be demolished, bringing a large amount of demolition waste, which, if not properly disposed of, can be a burden on the environment. In this study, damage to buildings in the quake-hit areas of Turkey is investigated, including reinforced structures and masonry structures. Based on this, the amount of demolition waste produced and the proportion of waste components are estimated roughly. Ultimately, the paper puts forward the strategy of recycling demolition waste after the earthquake and the application scenario planning of recycled products. Conclusively, the amount of demolition waste generated after the earthquake ranges from 450 to 920 million tons, providing new ideas for post-disaster reconstruction work. Besides, post-disaster waste management, safe demolition and environmentally friendly disposal and recycling technologies for demolition and construction wastes will bring good economic and environmental benefits, help the reconstruction of disaster areas, and provide a model for the resource utilization of construction and demolition waste worldwide.

Geodynamics of the Caucasus – Anatolian-Arabian region and Turkey-Syria Earthquakes 2023

The activation of natural disasters in the world requires the development of new approaches to the study of geological processes, in particular, at the boundaries of lithospheric plates, characterized by earthquakes, increased seismicity, volcanism, landslide processes, tsunamis and other dangerous natural processes and hazards. Earthquake of M 7.8 struck south -eastern Turkey and north - western Syria on 6 February 2023. The M 7.8 earthquake is the largest in Turkey since the 1939 Erzincan earthquake, and the second-strongest recorded in the country, after the 1668 North Anatolia earthquake. More than 52,800 deaths were confirmed: more than 46,100 in Turkey, and more than 6,700 in Syria. It is the deadliest natural disaster in Turkey's modern history. The earthquakes caused over US$100 billion in damages. The geodynamic models construction for the deep structure of natural hazards regions is an important contribution to the study of active continental margins, which is necessary for the earthquake forecast, prediction and prognosis, assessing geoecological risks and preparing population actions in the event of natural disasters and catastrophes. The Caucasus - Arabian region is a complex highly-stressed geodynamic structure, characterized by increased heat flow, high seismicity, magmatism and volcanism. The geodynamics of the Caucasus - Arabian region is determined by the collision of the Eurasian and Arabian lithosphere plates, as well as the complex history of the development of the Alpine-Himalayan belt and surrounding territories. The problem solution of geological structures formation and evolution in various complex geodynamic settings and natural hazards forecast and prognosis requires an analysis of all available geological - geophysical data, as well as the formulation and solution of problems of mechanical and mathematical modeling. Slow lithospheric deformations are simulated by models of viscous flow in multi-layered, incompressible, high-viscosity Newtonian fluid, using Navier-Stocks equation and discontinuity equation. The solution of the inverse problem of geodynamics by the direct method is developed. The first inverse problem of geodynamics was solved - the restoration of the velocity fields, pressures and stresses at the depth of the lithosphere according to the available data on the velocities on the surface. The second inverse problem of geodynamics has been posed and solved - the determination of the movement of boundaries at the depth of the lithosphere based on the given movements of the surface. The solutions obtained can be used to analyze deep geodynamic problems, and together with geothermal modeling, geological and geophysical methods and seismic tomography can serve as a reliable apparatus for studying deep geodynamics due to the formation and evolution of geological structures and the lithosphere stress-strain state researches. The solution of the problem is analyzed on the example of the Caucasus - Arabian region geodynamics. The Geodynamic concept of geoenvironment has been developed. Geodynamic models of the regions of hazardous natural processes in order to predict and prevent natural disasters and catastrophes are constructed. An algorithm for creating monitoring systems is suggested.

Experimental study on self-compacting concrete-filled steel tube samples containing shrinkage-controlling admixtures

Once again, the earthquake disaster in Turkey and Syria indicates the significance of aseismic structures. Concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns are key components in such structures. In this study, the effect of shrinkage control admixtures on the performance of self-compacting mixes that are often used in CFT column construction was evaluated. They were confined to a 3 mm thick cylindrical hollow steel tube and the infilled concrete shrinkage was monitored with the embedment of a vibrating wire strain gauge. The concrete length of this compound was found to be reduced as the length of the confining tube expanded. However, this change in concrete length was reduced by 70% with the use of a commercial grade liquid mixture that reduces shrinkage in the early stages. A substantial reduction in concrete shrinkage was observed with the use of limestone powder and a compensating admixture for shrinkage. The use of limestone also improved the resistance of concrete to water permeation and chloride ion transport by pore filling effects. Although steel confinement reduced concrete shrinkage by 50% at 28 days, the addition of specialty admixtures is still highly recommended to avoid the effect of debonding, induced by the shrinkage discrepancy between confining steel and the inner concrete mass.

Managerial Planning in Disaster Logistics: Model Proposal for Logistics Administrative Structuring in Pandemics

In disaster management, it is necessary to make strategic, tactical and operational plans, determine goals and targets, organize necessary to reach these goals, and find resources. Logistics planning is done according to the numbers and basic needs of the victims. The problems experienced in local production and international transportation during the COVID-19 Pandemic process, which started in China and affected the whole world, and which is a type of biological disaster, caused disruptions in supply chains. The effectiveness of medical intervention and disaster management studies in pandemics depends on the efficiency of logistics services. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of logistics planning specific to pandemic response activities, in line with Turkey's disaster response structure and legislation. Disaster and emergency legislation in Turkey, disaster management systems in different countries and pandemic response studies were also examined. Based on the literature research and face-to-face interviews, suggestions were made regarding the administrative structure of the institutions and organizations working at the command, tactical or operational levels in the pandemic response. By evaluating the response studies in the COVID-19 pandemic, an administrative structuring model was created for logistics activities in pandemics.