Disaster Vulnerability Assessment Research Articles

Dynamic vulnerability assessment framework for urban flood disasters considering real-time population changes

ABSTRACT Flood vulnerability assessment is an important means to cope with urban flood disasters. However, urban population mobility and land-use changes bring significant uncertainty to vulnerability assessments. In order to respond to the refined and dynamic needs of urban flood disaster prevention and control, a multi-scale and multi-categorized urban flood dynamic vulnerability assessment framework that considers real-time population changes was proposed in this study. The framework used the comprehensive function of exposure, sensitivity, and coping ability under population dynamic changes to characterize urban flood dynamic vulnerability, and constructed urban flood disaster vulnerability assessment models at both grid and regional scales. The results show that population mobility has a significant impact on the vulnerability of urban flood disasters. The vulnerability of flood disasters in Zhengzhou City is highest at 8:00 and 18:00, and high-vulnerability areas are mainly concentrated in residential areas in the central part of the city and main transportation channels. From 10:00 to 15:00, the high-vulnerability areas migrate to public service areas in the eastern part of Zhengzhou City. In the evening, the vulnerability degree of flood disasters is relatively low. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for urban flood managers to prevent and control flood disasters.

Sea Level Rise, Land Subsidence, and Flood Disaster Vulnerability Assessment: A Case Study in Medan City, Indonesia

Global sea level rise (SLR) has emerged as a pressing concern because of its impacts, especially increased vulnerability of coastal urban areas flooding. This study addresses the pressing concern of SLR and flood vulnerability in the East Coast of North Sumatra (ECNS) and Medan City. We employ a data-driven approach integrating multicriteria analysis, analytical hierarchy process (AHP)-based weighting, and spatial modeling within a geographic information system framework. The analysis considers crucial factors such as slope, land use, soil type, SLR, and land deformation. The study expands the existing framework by incorporating SLR and land subsidence, acknowledging their significant roles in exacerbating flood vulnerability. Future flood-intensity scenarios are simulated based on SLR projections. Data for spatial analysis primarily originated from multisensor satellite imagery, secondary sources from published literature, and field surveys. We validated the consistency of the variable weightings assigned for vulnerability analysis using a consistency ratio threshold (<0.1). Finally, the established flood vulnerability model was validated by comparing its predictions with recorded flood events in the ECNS and Medan City. The ECNS and Medan City areas were classified as very high and highly vulnerable to flooding, respectively.

Disaster Vulnerability Assessment of Low-Cost Houses in Java Island

Among all of the Indonesian islands, Java poses the highest risk for all types of disasters, making it a significant threat to low-cost houses due to its high population vulnerability. The objective is to enhance comprehension of it by conducting a building typology analysis concerning various natural hazards/ risks. The methodology consists of 10 sample houses field observation, AutoCAD drawing, literature analysis, and built environment expert interviews. The results developed four categories of houses emphasising brick or timber walls with a combination of clay tile or zinc roofs. Related to disaster vulnerability, an improper building structure is the main problem. Smooth roof material is significant in a volcano eruption, a complete interconnection of structure is a must for the tornado, light materials are preferable in an earthquake zone, natural material is not recommended for high risk of forest fire, and elevating floor is mandatory in flooding. Focus on designing the four categories’ houses and quality control of the construction process are two strategies recommended. Also, a minimum of two types of disasters in the area should be considered in the design. Resilient low-cost houses will have an impact on reducing casualties, environmental damage, and economic losses. Covering more samples and areas in Java in future studies will provide a comprehensive understanding of low-cost houses.

Refined urban disaster vulnerability assessment based on elements at risk: A case study of Dalian, China

With the rapid development of global urbanization, cities tend to suffer higher frequencies and risks of various hazards and are becoming more vulnerable, especially under the circumstance of global warming. Hence, people have begun to attach importance to the study of urban disaster vulnerability gradually. However, existing studies focus more on the multi-dimensional expression and comprehensive measurement of disaster vulnerability at the macro scale, which cannot reflect the changes of disaster vulnerability within the small scale. It is difficult for the research results to provide practical information for accurate disaster prevention and reduction. For this purpose, this study proposed a framework for refined urban disaster vulnerability assessment from the perspective of elements at risk, which includes three quantitative models: exposure assessment model, sensibility assessment model, and coping capability assessment model. Then, the framework and its quantitative models were applied to assess the disaster vulnerability of Dalian at the scale of 30 × 30 m grid. Furthermore, the main factors contributing to vulnerability were highlighted based on of exposure, sensibility, and coping capability indexs. Results showed that the disaster vulnerability of Dalian was autocorrelative and heterogeneous spatially. This research could provides some implications for disaster mitigation and risk reduction strategies at the urban scale.

Vulnerability of farmers and herdsmen households in Inner Mongolian plateau to arid climate disasters and their development model

Arid climate disasters bring huge losses and development pressures to Mongolia Plateau, which is the most sensitive and typical region in the transition zone of arid and semi-arid climate. Since 1980, the policies implemented by the Chinese government exert some effects on the livelihood activities of farmers and herdsmen households but seemed not enough. In this article, we construct a research framework of "Disaster vulnerability assessment - contribution of disaster vulnerability factors - driving mechanism of disaster vulnerability - sustainable development model". A questionnaire survey and key person interviews were carried out in villages/gachas of Darhan Muminggan United Banner, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China, and 967 data were collected from farmers and herdsmen households. On this basis, we constructed an indicators system and a model for the vulnerability assessment of farmers and herdsmen households to arid climate disasters. Then the main influencing factors of the vulnerability of farmers and herdsmen households were identified by the factor contribution model. The main research results are as follows: (i) The vulnerability of farmers and herdsmen households was high to arid climate disasters. The vulnerability can be ranked as herdsmen households > combined occupation households > farmers households. (ii) The vulnerability of farmers households was affected by farmland area and income source, drought intensity and household saving, drought frequency and labor capacity are the main influencing factors. (iii) The vulnerability of herdsmen households was affected by arid climate disasters, and induced by the less effective traditional adaptation mode and the lack of new adaptation mode. (iv) The model of mixed livelihood of government and farmers and herdsmen was suggested to improve active and planned adaptation behavior. This study promotes the cross-application of behavioral psychology, social capital, policy externality and other theories in the study of drought disaster vulnerability and the interaction mechanism of farm and pastoral households. It provides reference for the study of disaster vulnerability associated with climate change in similar regions around the world.

Rainfall and Earthquake-induced Landslide Susceptibility Assessment

When rainfall and earthquake occur simultaneously, large-scale landslides can cause direct damage to lives and structures. To reduce such large-scale landslide damage, rainfall and earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility has to be evaluated. Therefore, in this study, landslide susceptibility was evaluated by considering only rainfall, only earthquake, and both rainfall and earthquake in the Atsuma region of Japan, where a large-scale landslide was triggered by a combination of rainfall and earthquake. Through quantitative index analysis, the accuracy of the landslide susceptibility map was improved when both rainfall and earthquake were considered. The proposed method was also applied to the Naari basin in Yangnam-myeon, Gyeongju as a pilot district. We found that the landslide-susceptible area increased when rainfall and earthquake were considered simultaneously than when rainfall and earthquake were considered separately. Through such research, can be used as basic data for complex disaster vulnerability assessment.

Vulnerability Assessment of Mine Flooding Disaster Induced by Rainstorm Based on Tri-AHP

As a disaster-bearing body, the coal mine is vulnerable to the impact threat of rainstorm disasters, which easily induce flooding accidents. In view of this, this study is designed to propose the vulnerability assessment method of rainstorm-induced coal mine flooding disasters. On account of the scientific theory of disaster risk, the evaluation model and index system of coal mine flooding disaster induced by rainstorm covering exposure, fortification level, and resilience are constructed, while the vulnerability assessment method based on Tri-AHP method is proposed. Study results demonstrate that population exerts the greatest impact on exposure, wellhead elevation matters the most for fortification level, and the emergency plan has a dominant influence on resilience. Therefore, for coal mines, it is suggested to strengthen the special rainstorm emergency plan drill, improve the fortification level, and solidify the emergency duty during the rainy season. In this study, the rainstorm disaster vulnerability assessment method of coal mine is innovatively put forward, which is conducive to sustainable energy and environmental development.

Utilizing Population Distribution Patterns for Disaster Vulnerability Assessment: Case of Foreign Residents in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area of Japan.

Foreign residents in Japan are amongst the vulnerable groups at risk to disasters in the country. Improvement is crucial in meeting Japan’s vison of zero casualties in major disaster events. If the case of the 2005 Hurricane Katrina is to offer an insight into migrants’ characteristics in mega-disaster situations, then a broader analysis of vulnerabilities is needed to avoid mass casualties should the anticipated megathrust earthquake occur. Hence, this study analyzes the vulnerabilities of foreign residents by utilizing their spatial distribution attributes in the Tokyo metropolitan area. This study uses multiple approaches that combine geographic information systems to analyze secondary and primary datasets. The results reveal that foreign nationals are spatially clustered in some parts of the metropolis, especially within a 7 km radius of Minato city. The densities in these areas alter the earthquake community vulnerability levels from 1.23% to 2.8% and from 5.42% to 13.46%, respectively. Although only 11% of foreign residents are prepared for any disaster, there is a high sense of interaction amongst them and Japanese nationals, which almost eliminates isolation within communities. This study therefore proposes the utilization of some of these attributes in mobilizing specifically targeted evacuation procedures, management of evacuation centers, and disaster risk information dissemination.

Disaster Vulnerability Assessment of Selected Jails Under Bureau of Jail Management and Penology in CALABARZON

The study evaluated the disaster preparedness of selected penitentiaries under BJMP in CALABARZON areas as to identify the profile of jails as assessed in terms of strategic location, jail infrastructure and construction, jail equipment and jail vehicles; to present the profile of the respondents in terms of job position, designation, years in service, trainings attended, and educational attainment; to determine the jail personnel’s assessment on disaster preparedness in terms of the following disasters: earthquake, typhoon, and flood; to design an intervention program on disaster preparedness which may be proposed to manage jail operations of Bureau of Jail Management and Penology in CALABARZON area. The study utilized descriptive research design specifically the quantitative methods with the questionnaire survey as the major tool for gathering data and evaluation from 161 jail personnel chosen through a lottery method with interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). Statistical treatment was applied utilizing frequencies, percentage, weighted mean and Pearson-R product correlation. The disaster preparedness described in terms of strategic location as jail location on CALABARZON are within the city or municipality capital since they are located near the city hall. The study revealed that the jail is equipped in terms of organizational management and available resources; the jail personnel are slightly equipped with readiness during flood in terms of strategic location, infrastructure and construction and the significant relationship between profile variables and the respondents’ assessment of their disaster preparedness varies.

Disaster Vulnerability Assessment in Parshuram Municipality, Dadeldhura, Nepal

This study explores the disaster vulnerability of adjoining community of Mahakali River, Parshuram municipality, Dadeldhura. A questionnaire was used to collect information on various physical, social, economic, and environmental vulnerability. Key informant interview was conducted with ward chairpersons and community disaster management committee members. Likewise, three focus group discussions were conducted with the purpose of drawing insight on different factors of disaster vulnerability in the community. Moreover, five community disaster risk management plans were reviewed to understand the types of vulnerability of community. It has been found that weak geological structure and week physical infrastructure-house, bridge, buildings are the physical vulnerability. Likewise, lack of awareness on disaster preparedness, non-implementation of building code and traditional practice are the social vulnerability. Similarly, poverty, seasonal migration, lack of irrigation and land, low quality of soil are the economic vulnerability. Heavy rainfall, forest fire, lack of conservation of water source, encroachment of wildlife inhabitants and deforestation are factors to environmental vulnerability of study area. It is found that there are various vulnerability factors that need to be minimized through the capacity enhancement.

Fine-Scale Coastal Storm Surge Disaster Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Model: A Case Study of Laizhou Bay, China

In the assessment of storm surge vulnerability, existing studies have often selected several types of disaster-bearing bodies and assessed their exposure. In reality, however, storm surges impact all types of disaster-bearing bodies in coastal and estuarine areas. Therefore, all types of disaster-bearing bodies exposed to storm surges should be considered when assessing exposure. In addition, geographical factors will also have an impact on the exposure of the affected bodies, and thus need to be fully considered. Hence, we propose a fine-scale coastal storm surge disaster vulnerability and risk assessment model. First, fine-scale land-use data were obtained based on high-resolution remote sensing images. Combined with natural geographic factors, such as the digital elevation model (DEM), slope, and distance to water, the exposure of the disaster-bearing bodies in each geographic unit of the coastal zone was comprehensively determined. A total of five indicators, such as the percentage of females and ratio of fishery products to the gross domestic product (GDP), were then selected to assess sensitivity. In addition, six indicators, including GDP and general public budget expenditure, were selected to assess adaptability. Utilizing the indicators constructed from exposure, sensitivity, and adaptability, a vulnerability assessment was performed in the coastal area of Laizhou Bay, China, which is at high risk from storm surges. Furthermore, the storm surge risk assessment was achieved in combination with storm water statistics. The results revealed that the Kenli District, Changyi City, and the Hanting District have a higher risk of storm surge and require more attention during storm surges. The storm surge vulnerability and risk assessment model proposed in this experiment fully considers the impact of the natural environment on the exposure indicators of the coastal zone’s disaster-bearing bodies, and combines sensitivity, adaptability indicators, and storm water record data to conduct vulnerability and risk assessment. At the same time, the model proposed in this study can also realize multi-scale assessment of storm surge vulnerability and risk based on different scales of socioeconomic statistical data, which has the advantages of flexibility and ease of operation.

Quantitative Vulnerability Assessment: An Approach to Reduce Biases in Disaster Vulnerability Assessment

The cyclone vulnerability of women is much higher than men due to their poverty, social norms and marginal position in the social structure. Reducing women’s vulnerability is, therefore, imperative to improve the situation. However, the present practices of vulnerability assessment have several limitations. As an alternative, this study proposed and tested a weighted framework to assess the vulnerability in a quantitative form. The proposed framework considers 18 indicators carefully adapted from vulnerability literature. The indicator statuses were defined based on their vulnerability potentials and assigned an integer value. The higher the status value the greater the vulnerability potentials. The indicator’s status values were standardized, and their weights were estimated. The vulnerability scores for every indicator thereafter estimated by multiplying its status value by its weight. Finally, an individual’s vulnerability score was calculated by taking the average vulnerability scores of all the indicators. The framework was tested on 140 randomly selected cyclone-affected women from ten coastal villages of Bangladesh. The proposed scores-based vulnerability expresses the vulnerability status with an integer value easier to understand and allows spatial comparability. This framework could be improved further preferably through stakeholder consultations about the appropriateness of the indicators, indicator statuses, and their weights. An improved and well-agreed framework would assist in integrative policy formulation to reduce women’s vulnerability to cyclone disaster. Moreover, this approach could be adopted in vulnerability ranking/mapping for other disasters.

Assessing Urban Areas’ Vulnerability to Flood Disaster Based on Text Data: A Case Study in Zhengzhou City

Confronting the frequent flood disasters triggered by torrential downpour, the vulnerability of urban rainstorm flood disasters was analyzed with one highly popular area of research in mind: big data. Web crawler technology was used to extract text information related to floods from Internet and popular social media platforms. Combining these text data with traditional statistical data, a flood disaster vulnerability assessment model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was established to evaluate rainstorm and flood disaster vulnerability, and the spatial distribution characteristics of vulnerability to pluvial flooding were analyzed based on Geographic Information System (GIS). The established model was applied in Zhengzhou, a city that often suffers from heavy rainstorms. The results show that the areas located near downtown Zhengzhou were more vulnerable to rainstorm and flooding than others, and most of the city could be at moderate and high vulnerability. Finally, the waterlogging spots extracted from various sources were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The results show that most of waterlogging spots were located in very-high and high risk zones, while less waterlogging spots were found in districts with low vulnerability, which demonstrates the discriminative power of the established model based on big data sources. This study overcomes limited data in flood disaster vulnerability assessment methods and provides a basis for flood control and management in cities.

Modeling the high-resolution dynamic exposure to flooding in a city region

Abstract. Urban flooding exposure is generally investigated with the assumption of stationary disasters and disaster-hit bodies during an event, and thus it cannot satisfy the increasingly elaborate modeling and management of urban floods. In this study, a comprehensive method was proposed to simulate dynamic exposure to urban flooding considering residents' travel behavior. First, a flood simulation was conducted using the LISFLOOD-FP model to predict the spatiotemporal distribution of flooding. Second, an agent-based model was used to simulate residents' movements during the urban flooding period. Finally, to study the evolution and patterns of urban flooding exposure, the exposure of population, roads, and buildings to urban flooding was simulated using Lishui, China, as a case study. The results showed that water depth was the major factor affecting total urban exposure in Lishui. Urban exposure to fluvial flooding was concentrated along the river, while exposure to pluvial flooding was dispersed throughout the area (independent from the river). Additionally, the population distribution on weekends was more variable than on weekdays and was more sensitive to floods. In addition, residents' response behavior (based on their subjective consciousness) may result in increased overall exposure. This study presents the first fully formulated method for dynamic urban flood exposure simulation at a high spatiotemporal resolution. The quantitative results of this study can provide fundamental information for urban flood disaster vulnerability assessment, socioeconomic loss assessment, urban disaster risk management, and emergency response plan establishment.

Dynamic Evaluation and Regionalization of Maize Drought Vulnerability in the Midwest of Jilin Province

Drought vulnerability analysis of crops can build a bridge between hazard factors and disasters and become the main tool to mitigate the impact of drought. However, the resulting disagreement about the appropriate definition of vulnerability is a frequent cause for misunderstanding and a challenge for attempts to develop formal models of vulnerability. This paper presents a generally applicable conceptual framework of vulnerability that combines a nomenclature of vulnerable situations and a terminology of vulnerability based on the definition in the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) report. By selecting 10 indicators, the drought disaster vulnerability assessment model is established from four aspects. In order to verify our model, we present a case study of maize drought vulnerability in the Midwest of the Jilin Province. Our analysis reveals the relationship between each single factor evaluation indicator and drought vulnerability, as well as each indicator to every other indicator. The results show that the drought disturbing degree in different growth periods increases from the central part of the Jilin Province to the western part of the Jilin Province. The sensitivity degree showed an increasing trend from the southeast to the northwest. The places with the strongest self-recovery ability are mainly concentrated in Changchun, Siping, Baicheng, and the other area. The ability to adjust to drought in each growth period is weak and crop yield reduction caused by drought is easy to create. Environmental adaptability is closely related to the social and economic situation every year, so it changes greatly and is flexible. Areas with strong drought vulnerability are mainly concentrated in Baicheng, Tongyu, and Qianguo. The research results can provide a certain basis for risk assessment, early warning, and disaster prevention and mitigation of agricultural drought disaster in the research area.

Vulnerability assessment of China's coastal cities based on DEA cross-efficiency model

Aiming at the problem of vulnerability assessment of coastal cities in China, a comprehensive evaluation index system is established, which takes the hazard of hazard factors, the exposure of disaster-bearing bodies and disaster prevention capabilities as the input factors, and the disaster loss level as the fragile output factor. This paper proposes a coastal urban disaster vulnerability assessment method based on the confrontation, neutral and friendly three types of data envelopment analysis (DEA) cross-efficiency models, and effectively evaluates the disaster vulnerability of 24 coastal cities in China, and adopts fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm (FCM) that the 24 coastal cities' vulnerability levels are divided, and the Tobit model is also used to determine the impact level of input factors. The results show that the level of disaster vulnerability in China's coastal cities shows obvious regional characteristics, and the areas of disaster prevention and mitigation input are quite different. Cities with lower hazard factors have more emergency capital investment or lower exposure level of disaster-bearing bodies. The degree of exposure of the disaster-bearing body is related to the level of economic development and population density. The more developed the urban economy and the higher the population density, the higher the exposure level of the disaster-bearing body; the disaster prevention capability is related to the level of economic development, and the urban economy is more developed, so its disaster prevention capability is stronger. Empirical analysis provides a guidance and methodological reference for China's coastal cities to improve their ability to prevent and reduce disasters.

Spatial Analysis of Social Vulnerability to Floods Based on the MOVE Framework and Information Entropy Method: Case Study of Katsushika Ward, Tokyo

Tokyo is located in a lowland area that is vulnerable to flooding. Due to global climate change, the scalability and frequency of flooding is increasing. On the other hand, population aging and family structural changes, as well as the lack of adaptation measures, would accelerate flooding vulnerability. The key factors involved in social vulnerability must be studied to reduce the risk of flooding. In this study, we refer to the MOVE framework (a disaster vulnerability assessment framework) and analyze it from three perspectives: Exposure to social vulnerability, susceptibility, and resilience. We subsequently develop an index system to complete the evaluation using 11 indicators. The collected data will help reveal social vulnerability to floods in the Katsushika Ward, Tokyo, using the information entropy method and GIS. We found that the western region of the Katsushika Ward is at more risk than the eastern region during flooding. Additionally, the possibility of a serious crisis erupting is greater in the southwestern region than in the northwestern region. Consequently, we conclude that the spatial distribution of flooding varies in the region. The results of this study will help in understanding social vulnerability, in selecting and combining adaptation measures suited to the characteristics of the area, and in the effective and efficient implementation of these measures by the local government’s disaster department.

Disaster Vulnerability Assessment in Coastal Areas of Korea

Kang, T.S.; Oh, H.M.; Lee, E.I., and Jeong, K.Y., 2018. Disaster Vulnerability Assessment in Coastal Areas of Korea. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 886–890. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In this study, the vulnerability to disaster in the coastal areas of Korea was assessed for the safe utilization and value enhancement of coastal areas. The framework of the coastal disaster vulnerability assessment has been adopted from the concept of climate change vulnerability of the IPCC (2001). Coastal Disaster Impact Index(CDII) is defined as a function of exposure and sensitivity, and the Coastal Disaster Vulnerability Index (CDVI) includes those as well as adaptive capacity. Indicators of exposure consisted of typhoon, surge, wave, tide, SLR and coastal erosion. Indicators of sensitivity consisted of human, property and geography. And adaptive capacity consisted of socioeconomic and governmental adaptive capacity. The parameters of these 11 indicators were gathered from government agencies, numerical model experiments and field surveys. Spatial analysis was performed by using the GIS program after passing the quality test, and analysed data were standardized and classified into 5 numerical grades. The results of the CDVI were grade 1: 2,737.3km (28.4%), grade 2: 1,667.2km (17.3%), grade 3: 1,402.3km (14.5%), grade 4: 1,758.7km (18.2%), and grade 5: 2,083.8km (21.6%) of the total 9,649.3km. The CDVI value was high in Jindo-gun and Haenamgun, when analysed with an index that includes the adaptive capacity to the disaster of the local governments and CDII. Coastal disaster vulnerability assessment results are used as reference indicators to identify the cause of coastal disasters, to establish countermeasures, to aid the decision-making process regarding the sustainable development in coastal areas, thus contributing to effective and safe coastal management.

A model for multi-criterion disaster vulnerability assessment of economic systems: implications for Vietnam’s bioethanol policy

Implementing new strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change may influence an economy’s vulnerability to natural disasters. It is thus important to develop mechanisms for evaluating the impact of these changes prior to their implementation. Recent works have demonstrated the effectiveness of inoperability input–output models in assessing the impact of natural disasters on interconnected economic systems. This study develops a multi-criteria framework that measures the vulnerability of economic sectors by considering plausible disaster scenarios and the resulting “ripple effects” of such disruptions. The approach proposed here uses three metrics: average propagation length, economic loss, and inoperability. The model then uses the analytic hierarchy process to measure the importance of each component in a hierarchical framework to derive a composite vulnerability index. The method is used to assess the implications of implementing the mandatory bioethanol blending program in Vietnam, using cassava and sugarcane as bioethanol feedstocks. The disaster scenarios assessed include the incidence of typhoons, floods, and pest infestation. Results show that the cassava, sugarcane, and other manufacturing sectors are the key economic sectors which are most affected by these disasters. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis on different bioethanol blend rates indicates that a 5 % bioethanol blend policy does not significantly affect Vietnam’s economy, while raising the blend to 10 % bioethanol or more may considerably change the country’s economic structure and disaster vulnerability.

산사태 위험지도와 연계된 도심지 토사재해 취약성 평가: 부산광역시 적용

In this study, an urban mud and debris flow disaster vulnerability assessment model based on landslide risk map being used by Korea forest service is proposed. In order to examine the vulnerability of urban areas, the assessment model is configured to reflect the exposure intensity, sensitivity level, and the ability to adapt to landslides. The proposed model consists of one zoning and three detailed indicators which are a buffer zone derived by landslide hazard map, an indicator of personal injury, an indicator to cause secondary damage, and an indicator of disaster preparedness and response capability. Three detailed indicators have six, five, and six agencyrelated variables, respectively. The weights among detailed indicators and those among surrogates that make up each detailed indicator are setting by the AHP survey technique. The developed model is applied to Busan, and the vulnerability of urban mud and debris flow disaster is evaluated.