Information For Disaster Mitigation Research Articles

Modeling the Flood Disaster in South Kalimantan Using Geographically Weighted Regression and Mixed Geographically Weighted Regression

The flood disaster in South Kalimantan is a crucial problem that needs to be addressed because the impact is relatively severe. So, this study aims to model flood disasters in South Kalimantan based on factors suspected to be the cause, including population density, rainfall, residential area, and forest area. This study uses two methods of spatial statistics, namely the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) and Mixed Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) methods. The weighting used is Adaptive Gaussian. The modeling results show that the GWR model is superior in explaining the causes of flood events in South Kalimantan, which is indicated by the highest coefficient of determination value of 95.62% compared to the regression and MGWR models. Nonetheless, the MGWR model can explain the causes of flooding in Kalimantan. The GWR and MGWR models show that the area that is vulnerable to flooding is Balangan District. The results of this study contribute to providing alternative information for disaster mitigation to minimize losses.

TSUNAMI HAZARD MODELING IN THE COASTAL AREA OF KULON PROGO REGENCY

Kulon Progo Regency is located in the southern part of Java Island, one of Indonesia's areas that is prone to tsunami disasters. Kulon Progo Regency is prone to tsunamis because it faces a subduction zone in the Indian Ocean. Therefore, it is necessary to model tsunami inundation and map the tsunami hazard zone in the Kulon Progo coastal area. This study aims to model tsunami inundation and produce a tsunami hazard map with a tsunami height scenario of 5 meters and 10 meters. The method used in modeling tsunami inundation is using a mathematical calculation developed by Berryman-2006 using the parameters of the coefficient of surface roughness, slope, and the height of the tsunami at the coastline. The estimated tsunami inundation area is classified into a tsunami hazard index using the fuzzy logic method resulting in an index of 0 – 1, which is then divided into three hazard classes. The results of the tsunami hazard mapping with the 5 meters scenario are 15 villages in 4 sub-districts included in the hazard zone with a total area of 20672,34 Ha affected. The results of the tsunami hazard mapping with a 10 meters scenario are 26 villages in 4 sub-districts with a total area of 53042,66 Ha affected. The results of this research can be used as basic information for disaster mitigation.

Community radio-based disaster information dissemination pattern on K-Pass FM Radio Katapang

K-Pass FM Radio Katapang is one of the radios disseminating information about disasters that focuses on training, awareness, and understanding of the people of Katapang Regency to play a role in dealing with disasters and help reduce disaster risk as well. This study aimed to determine the dissemination pattern of disaster information based on community radio conducted by Radio K-Pass FM Katapang. The research used a qualitative approach through case studies research methods. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, observation, documentation, and literature studies. Informants amount six people consist of resource persons consisting of community radio administrators, people who feel the impact of the existence of community radio, and people who take part in community radio programs. The study results showed that the dissemination of disaster information on Radio K-Pass FM Katapang increased the awareness of the local community about the dangers of disasters. The disaster information on K-Pass FM Radio Katapang went through three stages: the pattern of dissemination of disaster mitigation information (pre), the pattern of disseminating information when the disaster occurred (in), and post-disaster information (past). This community radio also established a Rescue School that aims to provide knowledge and actions that the community can carry out when a disaster occurs. This study concludes that Radio K-Pass FM Katapang has succeeded in becoming a community radio that positively impacts society, especially in disseminating information related to disasters. Therefore, Radio K-Pass FM Katapang still exists today even though it has been around for a long.

Evaluasi Kualitas Website Menggunakan Webqual 4.0 (Studi Kasus: Sistem Informasi Kebencanaan Kabupaten Boyolali)

This study aimed to measure the quality of the Disaster Mitigation Information System (Sikabi) belonging to the Regional Disaster Management Authority of Boyolali Regency. Quality tests are carried out to determine the quality and functionality of the system that functions optimally and can display accurate, easily accessible, and useful information for disaster mitigation in the region. The results of the study are useful for providing feedback to information system developers regarding the quality of the website usability aspect, the quality of the information presented, and the quality of the interactions provided as well as the user satisfaction at accessing the Disaster Information System website. This study uses the Webqual 4.0 method which has 4 assessment variables, namely in terms of usability (information quality), interaction service (interaction quality), and user satisfaction while accessing the website (overall impression). From the research results, the information quality variable has a sig value. 0,000 <0,05 which indicates that there is an influence of information quality on user satisfaction in using the Sikabi website. Therefore, we recommend improving the quality of the information displayed on the Sikabi website page.

The provision of travel advice to tourists visiting disaster area: The case of Banda Aceh

Banda Aceh has much revived and transformed into a better degree from the devastating tsunami disaster in 2004. Structural, infrastructure and social transformation have led to the economic growth of the city. One of the contributing factors to the growth is tourism. The number of tourists visiting Banda Aceh has increased progressively every year, with the most significant number coming from neighbouring countries such as Malaysia. To support the tourism development sector, Aceh needs a sufficient infrastructure, high-quality services and complete information about the disaster mitigation preparedness since most of the places of interest, namely the tsunami historical sites, are located in the tsunami-prone area. Lack of official information about the disaster mitigation preparedness becomes one of the critical issues that need to be provided by the government. This paper evaluates the readiness of Banda Aceh Government and its agencies in providing disaster mitigation information to tourists. Data was gathered from a series of interviews conducted with travel agents (tour guide) and Malaysian tourists in April 2019. This paper argues that in the emergence of special interest tourism called ‘disaster tourism’ or ‘dark tourism’ in Aceh’s tsunami-prone area, the availability of disaster mitigation guides or travel advice for tourists are still lacking and need urgent solutions. This paper addresses some practical recommendations for Banda Aceh Government to undertake the issues.

Research for Contributing to the Field of Disaster Science: A Review

In order to contribute to the field of disaster science, various research in Japan currently focus on the clarification of the phenomenon called “disaster.” Due to society’s demand for disaster prevention and disaster mitigation, these researches are carried out through collaboration among researchers in science, engineering, humanities, social sciences, etc. These research outcomes are aimed at the following: verification of disaster cases of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions; clarification of the disaster occurrence mechanisms of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions; sophistication of information for disaster mitigation of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions; and development of researchers, engineers, and human resources involved in disaster prevention operations and disaster prevention responses. This article puts these research outcomes together from four points of view: 1) research on earthquakes and volcanic eruptions disaster cases, 2) clarification of disaster occurrence mechanisms of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, 3) sophistication of information for disaster mitigation of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, and 4) development of researchers, engineers, and human resources involved in disaster prevention operations and disaster prevention responses.

Progress of Applied Seismo-Electromagnetism

It is a natural process of the development of technology that isolated findings are synthesized for the solution of problems for each country. We previously introduced an idea to solve one of serious global problems, i.e. energy consumption and risks threating present and future mankind. The Resilient Smart City is one of concepts in the re-adjustment of energy consumption, global warming and the increase of risks. It uses disaster mitigation information, especially the earthquake early warning (EEW) and earthquake predictions. As for EEW, Japan has had an extensive system since 2007, and has proved that the system works well enough to save considerable amount of human lives and important facilities at the times of several major earthquakes. Another tool is nothing but the earthquake prediction. Progress of seismo-electromagnetics can contribute to solving those needs. Here we present a summary of our works concerning earthquake prediction in these 30 years.

Landslide Zoning with GIS Analysis Method: Case Study Cipelah And Its Surroundings Area, Rancabali Subdistrict, Bandung Regency, West Java

Mass Movement often occur in Cipelah, especially when the rainy season arrives, it caused either physical damage and/or casualties. All these conditions make the Cipelah belong to areas that are quite a high potential for landslides. With the development of the human activity to prevent and anticipate natural disasters from landslides, a landslide risk map of Cipelah is needed, by a combination of vulnerability maps and hazard maps as important considerations in landslide prevention and mitigation. This study was conducted to map and analyze the potential of ground movement by a quantitative method. Direct observation was done by taking into account internal factors (lithology) and external factors (slope, rainfall, and land-use). The quantitative method was done by analysis based on Geographic Information System (GIS) on the parameters that have been weighted, including lithology, geological structure, slope, rainfall, and land-use. The research area expresses steep slopes dominantly composed of Andesitic Breccia and Tuff Breccia and has an average rainfall of 253 mm/year. This research brings about a map of prone to landslides, that is divided into two zones including the medium and high zone; medium zone with an area of 125.64 m2 (12%) and the high zone with an area of 921.36 m2 (88%). Types of ground movements that exist in the research area are debris flow and earth flow. The results of the study can be used as baseline information for disaster mitigation, and regional development.

Disaster Mitigation Information in Football Matches: Fans Perspective

The study focuses on problems of disaster mitigation information in football matches and the implications to audiences’ safety. The study uses study case method. The data collection is performed using in-depth interview, observation, and literature review; and the informant selection applies purposive sampling or criterion-based selection. Informants picked are fans of PSIM Yogyakarta, Persiba Bantul, and Persebaya Surabaya who experienced disasters in the stadiums. The study demonstrates, based on fans experiences, that various factors are responsible for outbreaks in football matches, namely the absence of information on disaster mitigation, the unprofessionalism of the organizers and securities in managing possible disasters, the insufficiency of the stadium architecture to deal with disasters, and the inadequacy of medical facilities in emergencies. The way forwards which are proposed is that, firstly, stadium construction should be designed by heeding disaster mitigation consideration for the sake of individuals’ well-being in the stadium. Moreover, the organizers, including the securities, should be more professional in running the matches. Finally, appropriate facilities for preventing disasters should be provided.

Is Japanese Folklore Concerning Deep‐Sea Fish Appearance a Real Precursor of Earthquakes?

Abstract In Japan, folklore says that uncommon appearances of deep‐sea fish are an earthquake precursor. If this folklore is proved to be true, the appearance of deep‐sea fish could be useful information for disaster mitigation. However, a statistical survey has not been conducted on this subject because a database of such information had yet to be compiled. In Japanese domestic local newspapers, such appearances have often been reported because rare appearances might attract readers. The authors constructed a database of reports from newspapers, academic articles, and the marine museum. In this study, fish species generally implicated in earthquakes, such as oarfish and slender ribbonfish, were the focus. Although the catalog used might not include all of the events of deep‐sea fish appearances around Japan because of a lack of whole coverage observation, the earthquake occurrence rate after deep‐sea fish appearances can be evaluated. Thus, the usefulness of the deep‐sea fish appearance information for disaster mitigation was evaluated. From this investigation, the spatiotemporal relationship between deep‐sea fish appearances and earthquakes was hardly found. Hence, this Japanese folklore is deemed to be a superstition attributed to the illusory correlation between the two events.

Exploring the status of community information and training for disaster preparation and mitigation practices: an appraisal of 2013 flash flood in Uttarakhand

The occurrence of natural disasters has become a major global problem. It poses serious threats to the concept of sustainable development. Over the last two decades, more than 1.3 million people and nearly two trillion dollars have been lost due to natural disasters. The paper discusses the status of disaster mitigation information systems during the Uttarakhand disaster of June 2013. The researchers have discussed the status of such actions taken by both Government and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) from a qualitative perspective. The Software Package for Social Science (SPSS) software was used for the analysis and the results are presented in descriptive statistical format. As many as (n = 1500) respondents were interviewed, out of which 80% respondents were ill-informed. Over 80% respondents were found to be untrained to respond in a disastrous situation. Hence, the researchers have proposed the use of better information and communication mediums with the assistance of public and private partnership (PPP model) to deal with disastrous situations in the future along with some indigenous methods.

Exploring the status of community information and training for disaster preparation and mitigation practices: an appraisal of 2013 flash flood in Uttarakhand

The occurrence of natural disasters has become a major global problem. It poses serious threats to the concept of sustainable development. Over the last two decades, more than 1.3 million people and nearly two trillion dollars have been lost due to natural disasters. The paper discusses the status of disaster mitigation information systems during the Uttarakhand disaster of June 2013. The researchers have discussed the status of such actions taken by both Government and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) from a qualitative perspective. The Software Package for Social Science (SPSS) software was used for the analysis and the results are presented in descriptive statistical format. As many as (n = 1500) respondents were interviewed, out of which 80% respondents were ill-informed. Over 80% respondents were found to be untrained to respond in a disastrous situation. Hence, the researchers have proposed the use of better information and communication mediums with the assistance of public and private partnership (PPP model) to deal with disastrous situations in the future along with some indigenous methods.

A Q methodology application on disaster perceptions for adaptation and resiliency in an Andean watershed symposium: water and climate in Latin America

Natural and human processes have threatened human access to sufficient and clean water. In areas prone to natural disasters, governments play a vital role in the proactive development of measures prioritizing human rights to water. This article is a case study of a series of tragic events in 2011 that led to a landslide in the Cervantes neighborhood in Manizales, Colombia. The disaster left the city and surrounding municipalities without water for over 20 days; gas and power were intermittent during this period; 145 people were displaced by the disaster; and 48 died. There is still a debate about whether this disaster was caused by nature or people. Our goal was to determine stakeholders’ views and perceptions regarding the causes leading to the magnitude of this tragedy. The Q methodology (Q) was employed as a valuable qualitative and quantitative empirical tool to identify, analyze, and compare perception groups that emerged from the stakeholder participant pool of this case study. The Q allowed us to determine critical information for disaster mitigation that was based on the similarities and differences in viewpoints regarding the causes that influenced the magnitude of the event. The three social perception groups that surfaced from this study reflect the causes believed to have affected the magnitude and after effects of the events, namely (1) the lack of proactive measures to prepare for future landslide events; (2) the portrayal of nature as the main contributor to the magnitude and after effects of the disaster, while portraying the utilities company as a non-contributor; and (3) the apparent effort to avoid the incrimination of specific entities and authorities. Natural forces are more powerful than human, but measures can be taken to mitigate the magnitude of natural disasters. It is important for policy makers to ensure that the interests of all stakeholders are represented in actions to mitigate natural disasters in the city of Manizales.

Disaster mitigation action plan: Digital media on improving accountability and community relationships

This study wants to address on how communication science is applied to Disaster Mitigation Plan. Especially, the implementation of Community Media and Development of Communication Technology that synergize to create a Disaster Mitigation Medium, which is appropriate for typology of Indonesia. Various levels of priorities that include disaster mitigation information, namely, increasing chain system of early warning systems, building evacuation, improving alertness and capacity to face a disaster, as well as minimizing disaster risk factor. Through this concept, mitigation actions plan of Tulungagung Coastal areas is expected to be applied in other regions in Indonesia by BNPB (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana). Having this strategy to be implemented based on region characteristics, it is expected that risk reduction process can be run optimally. As a result, the strategy is known as Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction (PRBBK), which means as the organized-efforts by society for pra-, during, and post- disaster by using available resources as much as possible to prevent, reduce, avoid, and recover from the impact of disasters. Therefore, this result can be a Pilot Project for BNBP Indonesia, as a government decisive attitude for the next steps in protecting people residing in the region prone to natural disasters all over Indonesia.

Strategy for Dissemination of Practical Tools for Evaluation of Vulnerability and Safety of Houses in the Philippines

The end goal of the projects under the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology – Japan International Cooperation Agency – Japan Science and Technology Agency – Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (PHIVOLCS-JICA-JST-SATREPS) Program on Enhancement of Earthquake and Volcano Monitoring and Effective Utilization of Disaster Mitigation Information in the Philippines is to provide rapid, reliable and usable information on earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes to the public. Component 4 of this program involves the provision of disaster mitigation information and promotion of utilization. Practical tools for the evaluation of vulnerability and safety of houses in the Philippines were developed in this component. Two tools were developed during the project; a 12-point questionnaire for self-check for earthquake safety of concrete hollow block houses in the Philippines (Tool 1) and a software program to evaluate the safety and earthquake vulnerability of houses (Tool 2). These tools aim to raise the awareness of stakeholders such as house owners, local engineers, building officials, and local government units, as well as function as an educational tool for the quick and simple evaluation of the vulnerability and safety of houses. The tools were disseminated to the specific users for enabling the effective utilization of disaster mitigation information. Various strategies were implemented for disseminating these tools: a launch activity was conducted during PHIVOLCS InfoSentro, an activity implemented by PHIVOLCS to update the public on its recent programs, projects, and activities; a copy of Tool 1 was uploaded on the PHIVOLCS website; training modules were developed; and training programs and workshops were conducted for users.

Special Issue on Enhancement of Earthquake and Volcano Monitoring and Effective Utilization of Disaster Mitigation Information in the Philippines

Special Issue on Enhancement of Earthquake and Volcano Monitoring and Effective Utilization of Disaster Mitigation Information in the Philippines

Differences in Subjective Estimation of Risks and Assessment for the Modified Tsunami Warning System by the Japan Meteorological Agency Among University Students Located in Damaged and Non-Damaged Prefectures Around the Period of the 2011 off Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) released a new version of tsunami warning system using three qualitative expressions for tsunami height. Understanding disaster mitigation information requires adequate knowledge on disaster occurrence mechanisms and precise action in emergencies. We surveyed differences in understanding and assessing tsunami warning information among university students in two prefectures – one damaged by the 2011 off Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake and the other outside of the damage zone. Results revealed that those outside of the damage zone tended to estimate tsunami heights as higher than those inside the damage zone when reading qualitative tsunami heights in the JMA’s new tsunami warning version. They also tended to need more concrete, precise information to understand appropriate evacuation procedures provided by public institutions, including the JMA.

Remote sensing and spatial multi-criteria analysis for tsunami vulnerability assessment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the vulnerability of the Kesennuma area in Japan to a tsunami disaster and to map the area of inundation. Design/methodology/approach – Digital elevation model (DEM) data and ALOS image were used to create maps of the parameters of this study area: elevation, slope, coastal proximity, river, and land use. An analytical hierarchy process was used to assign weights to each parameter and a spatial multi-criteria analysis was applied through cell-based modelling for vulnerability mapping. Findings – The vulnerability map shows that 17.679 km2 of the area could be inundated by a tsunami. High vulnerability areas were mostly found in coastal areas with a sloping coast and a cape area. A low elevation and the presence of rivers or water channels are factors that increase the impact of tsunamis. Inundation areas were predicted to spread in areas identified as having either high vulnerability or slightly high vulnerability. Research limitations/implications – Because of the limited geospatial data, the authors encourage further studies using DEM data with a high spatial resolution. Practical implications – The results of this research can be used as basic information for disaster mitigation and urban planning in coastal areas. Originality/value – This research creates a new approach for assessing which areas could be inundated by tsunamis, based on the vulnerability map generated through remote sensing and spatial multi-criteria analysis. Moreover, the parameters used are very close to those of actual inundation maps.

Information sharing platform to assist rescue activities in huge disasters

Various “ unexpected ” situations caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake severely hampered disaster-control systems of Japanese national and local governments. A flexible framework for disaster information systems that is reorganizable depending on circumstances is required to mitigate such serious situations. In this article, I propose the concept of “ loose linkages ” of information systems based on data mediation and a platform for disaster mitigation information sharing. The platform enables us to link various systems quickly, so that we can reconstruct disaster information systems according to various situations in major disasters. I found that the concept was effective for the Great East Japan Earthquake along with various ad-hoc activities of information volunteers. We should spread this concept and platform to Japanese national and local governments, and support organizations to prepare for future disasters.

IT Framework for Disaster Mitigation Information Sharing

The robust, loosely coupled network-based Web-service design and standard module-integrating protocol we propose serve as a general-purpose framework for information sharing supporting post-disaster rescue and restoration. Results of experiments confirmed the feasibility of our proposals. A noteworthy feature of our work is the simplicity of its elements and implementation.