Disaster Information Dissemination Research Articles

LITERASI INFORMASI PEGAWAI BADAN PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA DAERAH KARAWANG MENGENAI MITIGASI BENCANA ABRASI KECAMATAN CIBUAYA

(Objectives) The coastal area of Karawang Regency, in Cibuaya, has been experiencing abrasion since 2017, causing damage to 177 housing units with different levels of damage. To address this issue, the government needs to implement effective mitigation measures, including providing information. This research aims to understand the role of information literacy in reducing disaster risk in the area. This research is how the ability of BPBD Karawang employees to search, evaluate and create information related to abrasion disaster mitigation in Cibuaya kec. To find out the information literacy skills of BPBD Karawang employees in improving employee information literacy in finding relevant information sources according to employee needs, so that BPBD Karawang employees can provide information and knowledge for the community in the Cibuaya area. (Method) This research uses a qualitative method with a case study type. In this context, the data was used to understand and analyze how BPBD Karawang employees use and create information about abrasion disasters, and how they evaluate the information to ensure relevance and accuracy. (Findings) This research shows that BPBD Karawang employees have good information literacy skills in searching, evaluating and creating information related to abrasion disaster mitigation. However, there are still some obstacles in managing disaster data and disseminating information through the website. Therefore, it is necessary to improve access and human resources to manage information on the website and the Prevention and Preparedness field so that the dissemination of disaster information is more effective and comprehensive.

Application of Social Sensors in Natural Disasters Emergency Management: A Review

Natural disasters are public emergencies characterized by suddenness, universality, and nonconventionality. Realizing the early warning, monitoring, and intervention of natural disasters and their derivative social impacts is significant for reducing the disasters’ damage and benefits the maintenance of social stability. Social sensors are ubiquitous sensors based on social network platforms. It uses the concepts and methods of physical space to mine social signals that integrate human perception and intelligence in cyberspace. Compared with traditional physical sensors, social sensors represent a crucial data acquisition channel in the emergency management of natural disasters and have the advantages of real time, comprehensive coverage, low cost, and flexible deployment. This article reviews the application of social sensors in natural disasters emergency management. We summarize the application functions of social sensors into three categories: natural disaster situation awareness and event detection, disaster information dissemination and communication, and disaster sentiment analysis and public opinion mining. Based on the above functions, this article analyzes the research status, data, technical methods, and application systems. Finally, this article proposes a research trend of applying social sensors in natural disaster emergency management according to the requirements of real scenarios.

A Study on the Efficiency of Disaster Information Communication Based on the Gate Keeper Theory

In recent years, major disasters have occurred frequently, with sudden floods, rampant epidemics, and typhoons... Faced with sudden disasters, the affected population is often caught unprepared. Under the background of “Internet +”, the speed of information circulation has improved, but the news that the material needs of the disaster victims are not effectively met still often appears in the public’s view. In order to improve the efficiency of disaster information dissemination and enable the efficient distribution of related materials, this paper discusses this issue based on the gatekeeper theory of communication science. With a view to tracing the source and clarifying the reasons for the low efficiency and poor effect of disaster mutual aid information dissemination under the background of “Internet +”, this paper proposes solutions to the problems in combination with the gatekeeper theory of communication, to promote the rational distribution and utilization of resources, meet the material needs of disaster victims, and ensure the basic life of the people.

Pemanfaatan Sistem Informasi Edukasi Mitigasi Bencana pada KSR PMI Unit Markas Majene

The availability of information related to disasters is one of the efforts so that the public better understands the actions that must be taken to minimize the risks that occur. However, the availability of this information, especially in the Majene Regency area, is currently still quite minimal. In fact, Majene is one of the areas with a fairly high Disaster Risk Index. This activity embraces the Voluntary Corps (KSR) PMI Majene Headquarters Unit as a partner considering that KSR is one of the organizations engaged in the humanitarian field and actively participates in disaster management. The activities carried out include the use of a disaster education information system by providing training to KSR members in managing the system and creating disaster education content. The results of the activities obtained show an increase in the ability of KSR members in terms of management and content creation using Canva and hopes that the disaster education information system that has been built can continue to be used for the dissemination of disaster information.

Community radio-based disaster information dissemination pattern on K-Pass FM Radio Katapang

K-Pass FM Radio Katapang is one of the radios disseminating information about disasters that focuses on training, awareness, and understanding of the people of Katapang Regency to play a role in dealing with disasters and help reduce disaster risk as well. This study aimed to determine the dissemination pattern of disaster information based on community radio conducted by Radio K-Pass FM Katapang. The research used a qualitative approach through case studies research methods. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, observation, documentation, and literature studies. Informants amount six people consist of resource persons consisting of community radio administrators, people who feel the impact of the existence of community radio, and people who take part in community radio programs. The study results showed that the dissemination of disaster information on Radio K-Pass FM Katapang increased the awareness of the local community about the dangers of disasters. The disaster information on K-Pass FM Radio Katapang went through three stages: the pattern of dissemination of disaster mitigation information (pre), the pattern of disseminating information when the disaster occurred (in), and post-disaster information (past). This community radio also established a Rescue School that aims to provide knowledge and actions that the community can carry out when a disaster occurs. This study concludes that Radio K-Pass FM Katapang has succeeded in becoming a community radio that positively impacts society, especially in disseminating information related to disasters. Therefore, Radio K-Pass FM Katapang still exists today even though it has been around for a long.

Research on disaster information dissemination based on social sensor networks

Sudden disaster events are usually unpredictable and uncontrollable, and how to achieve efficient and accurate disaster information dissemination is an important topic for society security. At present, social sensor networks which integrate human mobile sensors and traditional physical sensors are widely used in dealing with emergencies. Previous studies mainly focused on the impact of human mobility patterns on social sensor networks. In this article, based on the inherent autonomy property of human individuals, we propose a social sensor information dissemination model, which mainly focuses on the impact of the individual characteristics, social characteristics, and group information dissemination mode on social sensor networks. Specifically, the human sensor model is first constructed based on the inherent social and psychological attributes of human autonomy. Then, various information dissemination models such as one-to-one, one-to-many, and peer-to-peer are proposed by considering different transmission media and human interaction preferences. We simulate the environment of information dissemination in disaster events based on the NetLogo platform. Evaluation matrix is applied to test the performance of social sensor information dissemination model, such as event dissemination coverage, event delivery time, and event delivery rate. With the comparisons to epidemic model, social sensor information dissemination model shows excellent performance in improving the efficiency and accuracy of information transmission in disaster events.

Dissemination of Disaster Communication and Information via Instagram @bpbdkaro

The social media Instagram @bpbdkaro as a source of communication and disaster information dissemination in the Karo community is no longer active. The purpose of this study was to find a disaster communication planning model in the communication and information dissemination process from the Karo Regency Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) to the community through the Instagram @bpbdkaro social media account. This study uses qualitative evaluation research methods, data collection techniques with Focus Group Discussion and interviews with Instagram managers, the Head of Planning for the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), and field observations. Quantitative evaluation method with data collection techniques is carried out online through Google Form to 50 people who use social media randomly. The evaluation results show that Instagram social media is used by the majority of respondents (28%) as the main source of searching for disaster information in Karo, but @bpbdkaro social media is not active because the Karo Regency BPBD does not dare to face negative comments from the community and the unavailability of human resources to manage it. This causes the dissemination process of disaster communication and information through social media Instagram @bpbdkaro not going well to achieve the goal due to the lack of elements of communication planning. The results of the evaluation of researchers with BPBD Karo Regency have carried out communication planning referring to the Cutlip and Center planning theory by covering elements of fact determination, planning, communication, and evaluation. The theoretical new findings in this study provide additional elements of communication competence and resources in the Cutlip and Center Communication Planning Model. The substance of this research contributes in the form of recommendations for communication planning models for the dissemination of disaster communication and information through social media.

A rapid 3D reproduction system of dam-break floods constrained by post-disaster information

The 3D reproduction of dam-break floods plays a key role in emergency management and disaster information dissemination. However, existing systems for the simulation of floods have some deficiencies. First, the input data parameters are complex. Second, the simulation process is cumbersome and time consuming, and it lacks a complete workflow. In this paper, we develop a platform for the rapid 3D reproduction of dam-break floods. Key technologies, such as numerical models of dam-break floods based on cellular automata (CA), 3D reproduction constrained by post-disaster information, and dynamic augmented representation, are discussed in detail. Then, two typical dam-break flood cases are selected for experimental analysis. The experimental results show that the system can support the rapid 3D reproduction of dam-break floods constrained by post-disaster information. Compared with that of other simulation systems, the reproduction time is reduced to less than 1 h, and this system supports rapid reproduction at different times and positions.

Rapid monitoring of cyclone induced flood through an automated approach using multi–temporal Earth Observation (EO) images in RSS CloudToolbox platform

ABSTRACT The new era of cloud platform technologies opens up many opportunities for near real-time dissemination of disaster information to the end-users. The present study utilizes the European Space Agency (ESA) Research and Service Support (RSS) CloudToolbox platform to monitor the spatio-temporal dynamics of a flood event. A collective flood monitoring framework is formulated to rapidly assess cyclone-induced flood in the CloudToolbox platform. The outputs of the framework are spatio-temporal maps of flood extent, depth, and hot spot zones. The framework utilizes Earth Observation (EO) images such as optical and C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images and an automatic Kittler and Illingworth thresholding algorithm for rapid flood mapping. The temporal flood depth maps are created with the Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET) which requires only two input parameters, viz. flood extent, and Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Subsequently, flood hotspot zones are also identified. We tested the flood monitoring framework on Amphan cyclone-induced flood event at both regional and local levels. The spatio-temporal flood extent, depth, and hot spot maps are generated for the Amphan cyclone event and a 97% overall accuracy is achieved at the local level. The entire process took less than one hour for regional and local level analysis.

Model of Disaster Information Cycle of West Java Television Journalists

Disaster information is an important factor in disaster management efforts, including in West Java. It helps officers and the community to immediately anticipate disasters that may occur. Journalists are among those who play a role in disseminating disaster information. This study aims to describe disaster information cycle model of West Java television journalists in obtaining and disseminating disaster information with the help of technology to increase the speed. This research applies a qualitative method, namely a case study to describe a usage model of disaster information seeking which is uniquely influenced by the developments in information technology. Data collection is carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. This study finds that smartphone technology contributes to the dissemination of disaster information by television journalists through providing access to social media, online media, and information in group chats. There is an interrelated flow of information between journalists, television editors, local governments, officials and the community. Participation of public and journalists in obtaining and disseminating disaster information helps the government and officers to find out the real conditions of disaster locations and how to handle them.

Modeling the Factors Influencing the Adoption of a Map-Based Disaster Application in Indonesia: A Case of SIKK Magelang

Indonesia has high exposure to natural hazards, frequent disaster events, and a highly vulnerable population. Hence, risk communication and disaster information dissemination are crucial to reducing risks. Numerous disaster mobile applications (apps) with location-based services or maps already exist for facilitating risk communication to the public; however, availability does not automatically translate into use or adoption. Therefore, to understand the factors influencing the adoption of a map-based disaster app, the factors that affect the adoption of a local government-initiated map-based disaster app in Indonesia, namely Sistem Informasi Kebencanaan Kabupaten Magelang, or Disaster Information System of Magelang Regency (SIKK Magelang), were examined through the theoretical lenses of a combined information system (IS) success model. Partial Least Squared – Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), with the help of Smart-PLS, was used to examine the hypothesized relationships among the proposed constructs (latent variables). Nine exogenous latent variables were proposed as the antecedents of intention to use a map-based disaster application (the endogenous latent variable), including information quality, system quality, familiarity with online maps, perceived usefulness, user satisfaction, facilitating conditions, risk perceptions, information seeking behavior, and perceived quality of the Internet connection. Information-seeking behavior was also predicted to be influenced by risk perception. A questionnaire survey with an app trial was conducted in Magelang Regency for data collection. The study results confirmed the applicability of the combined IS success model frameworks in predicting the adoption of this map-based disaster app by the public. Although new constructs representing disaster-related online maps and familiarity with those maps were initially proposed in the contextual model, the model validation results showed that intention to use SIKK Magelang was significantly influenced only by perceived usefulness and user satisfaction. Practically, this study’s results offer guidance to the local emergency managers in Indonesia, especially Magelang Regency, regarding how to develop strategies to increase the app’s adoption.

Recommendations for linking climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in urban coastal zones: Lessons from East London, South Africa

Climate-related disasters in coastal urban areas are intensifying with significant impacts on populaces, environments, and ecosystems. Hence, climate-related disaster preparedness is now acknowledged by climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction experts. However, there is limited knowledge of communities and policy-makers on the integration of climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR). This paper through the lens of resilience theory presents goals towards linking coastal climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction from the case study of East London, coastal city in South Africa. This study gathered data through a semi-structured survey, aimed at defining salient public issues to improve CCA and DRR policies, public participation inclusion, and programmes. This study shows that the knowledge of CCA and DRR is relatively low in the study area, also the provision of disaster information by the local authority is quite low. Conversely, most of the respondents affirm that available disaster information is always in locally understood languages, this is important in understanding disaster early warning by local dwellers. Accordingly, in disaster information dissemination, the government should be proactive and responsive in spreading information that covers every people. Further work that respects the importance of indigenous knowledge for CCA and DRR integration is needed i.e. local participation in the framework of development endeavours, through the inclusion of indigenous people in policymaking at the sub-national, national and international levels, this would help them to participate in administrative processes that affect them; providing a resilient community, improved adaptive capacity and sustainable living. Effective flexibility, adaptability, interoperability among stakeholders at various levels are key ingredients to reaching these goals.

Social media in times of crisis: Learning from Hurricane Harvey for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic response

In recent times societal crises such as the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak have given rise to a tension between formal ‘command and control’ and informal social media activated self-organising information and communication systems that are utilised for crisis management decision-making. Social media distrust affects the dissemination of disaster information as it entails shifts in media perception and participation but also changes in the way individuals and organisations make sense of information in critical situations. So far, a little considered notion in this domain is the concept of sense-giving. Originating from organisational theory, it is used to explain the mechanisms behind intentional information provision that fosters collective meaning creation. In our study, we seek to understand the potential impact of sense-giving from Twitter crisis communication generated during the Hurricane Harvey disaster event. Social network and content analyses performed with a dataset of 9,414,463 tweets yielded insights into how sense-giving occurs during a large-scale disaster event. Theoretically, we specified (1) perpetual sense-giving, which relies primarily on topical authority and frequency; as well as (2) intermittent sense-giving, which occurs from high value of message content and leverage of popularity, that is, retweets. Our findings emphasise the importance of information-rich actors in communication networks and the leverage of their influence in crises such as coronavirus disease 2019 to reduce social media distrust and facilitate sense-making.

Media usage of evacuees in a multichannel environment

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically examine structural and psychological factors that may affect disaster evacuees’ usage of different media channels in a multichannel media environment.Design/methodology/approachThe present study uses the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake in Japan as the case study. It adopts a quantitative approach using structural equation modelling with data collected from an original questionnaire survey (n=744).FindingsThe results show that the evacuees’ usage of almost all media channels is positively related to the number of different types of media terminals they had. That said, those who were evacuated mandatorily tend to utilise internet-enabled media channels more. It is also found that traditional broadcast and internet-enabled media channels complement each other instead of displacing. Thus, multichannel appears to be an effective means for disseminating disaster information. However, it is also found that having access to a particular media channel does not necessarily mean that people will utilise it.Practical implicationsTo fully utilise the multichannel media environment for disaster information dissemination, governments and media organisations also need to focus on the quality of the information being disseminated over both traditional broadcast and internet-enabled media channels.Originality/valueFew studies have empirically examined factors that affect disaster evacuees’ usage of different media channels in a multichannel media environment. This study fills this gap and the findings may help governments and media organisations in utilising multiple media channels to disseminate disaster information.

Exploring the emergence of influential users on social media during natural disasters

Public information and warning represent key components of society's disaster preparedness, as they complement planning and operational coordination. Social media has increasingly become a means by which users spread useful public safety and emergency information during these events. The emergence of influential users plays a critical role in the improvement of online social networks for widespread information diffusion. This study focuses on the emergence of influential individual users on Twitter and explores the reason why they achieved a significant number of followers during one of the most devastating disasters: Hurricane Harvey. The diverse patterns of increases in followers for the emerging influencers may be separated into several types. Among those types, Twitter users who posted objective disaster-related information in clear language and a consistent fashion tended to show an increase in followers and emerged as influential users. Additionally, professionals (from the media industry, public agencies and departments, and research organizations) made significant contributions to public information and warning during the hurricane. The findings highlight the common attributes of emerging influential social media users and the crucial role they play in the self-organized dissemination of disaster information.

English

Web 2.0 environments like the social web have redefined communication altogether through the proliferation of user generated content. With escalating global instances of disasters, people more particularly the millennial community tend to consume increased amounts of multitudinous information pertaining to weather and its woes in the social web apart from actively participating in the disaster discourse. The current research intends to examine the usage of social networking sites for disaster information dissemination by careful examination of a Facebook page dedicated to disaster and weather discourse. The efficacy of the social networking page in communicating real-time weather and disaster information is studied through network analysis of the page in the case of a tropical cyclone that hit the state of Tamil Nadu during the months of November - December in 2017. Tropical cyclones devastate the coastal stretch of Tamil Nadu State more frequently, and Ockhi was one such recent cyclone that caused a severe savage incurring very high social costs. The research is an attempt to explore the engagement and interaction of users in the social cyberspace under study during Ockhi cyclone. The research reveals the extent of user participation and engagement by identifying various elements in the social communication network.   Key words: Facebook, social media, cyclone, Ockhi, disaster, weather, communication, Tamil Nadu, weatherman.

Content, Accessibility, and Dissemination of Disaster Information via Social Media During the 2016 Louisiana Floods.

Social media is becoming increasingly integrated into disaster response communication strategies of public health and emergency response agencies. We sought to assess the content, accessibility, and dissemination of social media communications made by government agencies during a disaster response. A cross-sectional analysis of social media posts made by federal, state, and local government, public health and emergency management agencies before, during, and after the 2016 Louisiana floods was conducted to determine their content, accessibility, and dissemination by level of government and time relative to disaster onset. Facebook and/or Twitter posts made by public agencies involved in the response to the 2016 Louisiana Flooding events (FEMA Disaster Declaration [DR-4277]) published between August 4 and September 16, 2016, publicly available online between February 21 and March 31, 2017, were included in the analysis. Content: The text of each post was assessed to determine whether it contained information on provision of situational awareness; addressing misconception, actionable requests; mental, behavioral, and emotional support; and/or recovery and rebuilding resources. Accessibility: A Flesh-Kincaid grade level of each post was calculated, and information on post language, originality, hyperlinks, visuals, videos, or hash tag was recorded. Dissemination: The average number of reacts/likes, shares/retweets, and comments per post was calculated. Most posts contained information related to situational awareness and recovery resources. There was an increase in messages during the first week of the disaster at all levels. Few posts were made in languages other than English. Compared with state and federal posts, local Facebook posts averaged fewer reacts, comments, and shares throughout the analysis period. Government agencies may maximize the use of social media platforms for disaster communications by establishing their social media network in advance of a disaster and by applying established guidelines on disaster social media use.

The Empowerment Of Community Communication Network For Dissemination Of Disaster Information In Dayeuhkolot Bandung

Dayeuhkolot Sub-district is an area which prone to the flood disaster. For decades, the regional has been flooded in every rainy season. There are several things that caused the flood disaster in Dayeuhkolot Sub-district, such as due to the existence of its territory which is between Citarum River Basin (Citarum) and Cikapundung River, the planning of the less good area and many piles of garbage. The flood disaster will certainly result in many losses, either loss of property, psychological or loss of life. However, it is expected with the cooperation of many various elements, the loss can be minimized. One effort that can minimize the effects of this flood disaster is by the dissemination of disaster information. The dissemination of disaster information should empower the various communications networks that exist in the community so that the public will be more concerned about the various disaster that might befall them and prepare for the possibility of the disaster. The activities undertaken to achieve this goal is through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and counseling. FGD was conducted by inviting the resource persons from the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), village and sub-district officials, disaster volunteer and other elements in Dayeuhkolot Sub-district. FGD and counseling was attended by 16 representatives from Dayeuhkolot sub-district, 1 source from BPBD and 5 PPM Priority Team from Fikom Unpad. All FGD participants and counseling are active in responding and entering on the issues related to the disaster information dissemination. The result of this PPM activity become an entry for BPBD in increasing the community participants, especially for those who are the members of community communication network nodes to play a role in disseminating disaster information. BPBD will also convey this input to the related parties in order to empower the community communication network more optimally.

Institutional vs. Non-institutional use of Social Media during Emergency Response: A Case of Twitter in 2014 Australian Bush Fire

Social media plays a significant role in rapid propagation of information when disasters occur. Among the four phases of disaster management life cycle: prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery, this paper focuses on the use of social media during the response phase. It empirically examines the use of microblogging platforms by Emergency Response Organisations (EROs) during extreme natural events, and distinguishes the use of Twitter by EROs from digital volunteers during a fire hazard occurred in Australia state of Victoria in early February 2014. We analysed 7982 tweets on this event. While traditionally theories such as World System Theory and Institutional Theory focus on the role of powerful institutional information outlets, we found that platforms like Twitter challenge such notion by sharing the power between large institutional (e.g. EROs) and smaller non-institutional players (e.g. digital volunteers) in the dissemination of disaster information. Our results highlight that both large EROs and individual digital volunteers proactively used Twitter to disseminate and distribute fire related information. We also found that the contents of tweets were more informative than directive, and that while the total number of messages posted by top EROs was higher than the non-institutional ones, non-institutions presented a greater number of retweets.

Curriculum Development Training Improvement in the Competence Geological Disaster Mitigation Community Based

This research was motivated still many natural disasters in Indonesia. Geological disasters would always be an important issue in the Indonesian Nation as a consequence Indonesia's geological conditions unique region, rich in natural resources but full of potential disasters. Disaster handling required the participation of all components of the nation led to the importance of the massive dissemination of disaster information to all levels of society. The role of the community in the society was considered to be very strategic as agents of change. Unfortunately, the competence of members of the community who were still considered weak in disaster mitigation and counseling techniques became constraints the achievement of objectives disaster-conscious society. Increased competence was absolutely necessary and training could be selected as an option to improve competence. Research conducted using the method of research and development which was divided into three main stages. First, the needs analysis as a preliminary study, the second, the development of a model curriculum, and the third trials of the curriculum model to determine the effectiveness in improving the competence fields of geological disaster mitigation. This study was conducted to determine the curriculum development process proper training to improve competence in community-based geological disaster mitigation. The results showed that the model developed training curriculum based on the needs analysis proven effective in improving participants's competence to do counseling disaster mitigation. Pre-post test results showed an increase in the cognitive aspects of participants in Trial I and Trial II. Significant improvement occurred on the competence of counsel which showed a success rate of Trial II in improving the competence of counsel practice of training participants. Factors supporting the development of a model curriculum Extension Disaster Mitigation Training Community-Based Ground Motion were: (a) the competence of lecturers geological disaster mitigation; (B) the interests of members of community volunteers; and (c) the support of policy makers, while the factors that impeded the development of curriculum models were limited clump of competence training in geology, low educational background and knowledge of the geology and ground motion, and limited time.