Physical Activity Disability Research Articles

Participation of Children and Young Adults with Disabilities in Physical Activity during Leisure Time: A Systematic Review

Participation of Children and Young Adults with Disabilities in Physical Activity during Leisure Time: A Systematic Review

SOCIALIZATION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN THE FIELD OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS IN A COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT

The relevance of the research lies in the analysis of the problem of creating conditions for an accessible environment for physical activity and the manifestation of their capabilities in various aspects, the inclusion of people with disabilities in the active life of society. Involving people with disabilities in inclusive sports implies training and competitive activities, participation in events as part of a panel of judges, establishing communication, as well as, taking into account personal achievements, the opportunity to participate in international competitions in professional and Paralympic sports. The main idea of involving people with disabilities in physical culture and sports is not a struggle for victory and results, but uniting people with disabilities, expanding the boundaries of their capabilities and socializing in society - this is a very important aspect of the modern society development. This article examines currently important problem of socializing the disabled people in the field of physical culture and sports in competitive activities. Based on theoretical research methods, we studied and systematized the factors influencing the socialization of people with disabilities in physical activity. The article provides recommendations on how to organize work with people with disabilities, taking into account their physical and psychological conditions. Until today, the problems of this very significant group of people have been under insufficient attention. But, with the gradual development of the society towards greater humanization, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the World Program of Action for People with Disabilities and the UN Standard Rules on the implementation of equal opportunities for people with disabilities were developed and adopted. Most countries have also adopted laws that draws attention to the problems faced by people with disabilities.

Requirements for Universally Accessible Upper-Body Exercise Equipment: The Case of People with Spinal Cord Injuries in Korea.

People with disabilities face considerable obstacles when exercising, which precludes them from the social and health benefits of physical activity. Especially for individuals with paraplegia with spinal cord injuries, it is necessary to maintain continuous participation in physical activity even after discharge, as it helps to maintain mobility and daily living activities through upper body strength. However, the participation rate of people with disabilities in physical activity in Korea is still low, mainly due to the lack of exercise equipment and facilities. The aim of this study is to identify aspects that can be improved for better accessibility to exercise equipment for individuals with paraplegia with spinal cord injuries and to reach a consensus on possible guidelines for accessible exercise equipment. This study reviews and evaluated the usability of four existing upper-body exercise equipment for individuals with paraplegia with spinal cord injuries. To assess usability, task performance scores and time were measured, and a survey was conducted on safety and satisfaction. Based on these results, areas for improvement were identified. Through literature review, usability results, and opinions from various stakeholders, eight requirements for universal accessibility were proposed. It is necessary to consider how wheelchair users access the exercise equipment. The access method to the exercise area (facility regulations, auxiliary equipment to be provided, etc.) and placement of exercise equipment should also be considered. Information such as explanations of the exercise equipment and how to use it should be located within the wheelchair user's field of vision. Considering the participation rate in sports for people with disabilities in Korea, it is necessary to explain the exact exercise equipment and exercise method. It is also necessary to consider how wheelchair users transfer from the wheelchair to the seat of the exercise equipment. Parts that require manipulation of each exercise equipment must be within the wheelchair user's range of motion. Various supports or assistive devices that provide body support according to each piece of equipment are needed. In addition to the wheelchair's own brake, it is necessary to provide a fixing device so that the wheelchair does not move during the exercise. For people with spinal cord injuries, the arm ergometer, aerobic exercise equipment, showed higher scores in performance, stability, and satisfaction compared to other exercise equipment. Among the strength exercise equipment, shoulder press had an effect on performance, seated lat pull-down had an effect on stability, and seated chest press had an effect on satisfaction. Therefore, when selecting exercise equipment, it is necessary to recommend aerobic and strength exercise equipment according to the preferences of people with spinal cord injuries. When developing strength exercise equipment, it is necessary to consider usability evaluation factors for individuals with spinal cord injury.

Engaging and sustaining people with intellectual disabilities in physical activity: a narrative review of existing evidence

Background: People with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience many health and social inequalities. Increasing physical activity is a proven intervention to address such inequalities, yet the physical activity rates of this population are substantially lower than the general population. Aim: Research has been growing to understand why this is and how to intervene to increase the physical activity levels of people with ID. Method: Using a behavioural epidemiological framework, the research in this area from barriers and facilitators of physical activity to translational research testing interventions within natural settings is reviewed. Findings from a total of 14 reviews and eight empirical studies and protocols were included. Results: Whilst there are multiple investigations into what promotes or enhances physical activity for people with ID, findings from intervention studies show few successful outcomes. Gaps within the existing research are identified and recommendations about how intervention efficacy might be improved are provided to inform future research and practice. Conclusion: Findings from previous research on barriers and facilitators can be further capitalised on and intervention studies should be underpinned by better links to theory and more systemic approaches.

Practices of Teaching Physical Education among Public & Private High Schools in Hawssa City Administration

The purpose of this study was to relate the practice of teaching physical education in public and private secondary school in Hawassa city administration. This study employed descriptive research design and mixed research methods including both qualitative and quantitative method, in which the concerned bodies (teachers and school students) were participated. To investigate the practice quantitative research approach, descriptive survey methods were used. To select respondents of the study, simple random sampling technique particularly the lottery method for students and available sampling technique for teachers were used. In order to collect data, researcher used questionnaires; interview and observation were the employed instruments. Questionnaire was distributed to 352 private school students and 363 public school students. In addition to this, teachers were interviewed. The quantitative data gathered were analyzed by using numbers, percentages; mean and independent t-test and the qualitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statements and explanation. The findings of the study indicated that the availability of sport facilities and equipment in public secondary school were insufficient, poor teaching methods, inappropriate participation of male & female Students, and no participation of Students with disabilities in physical activity in secondary schools, No availability of sport materials for students with disabilities, poor classroom management, inappropriate treatment of male and female students and no involvement of students with disabilities in physical activities in both public & private secondary school. The conclusions on the study area were;. Thus, to improve the situation, it is recommended that with in school, the purchase & provision of equipment needs to be subsidized and a deliberate policy pursed of maximizing the use of available equipment & facilities, physical educators should be strive to be effective & successful in their classroom management, assessment & demonstration, complexity & multifaceted nature of the problem of girls participation in P.E should be recognized & fully understood, and ensure that schools are aware of their responsibilities & that students with disabilities consistently have opportunities to participate in P.E activities equal to those of other students were forwarded to overcome challenges of teaching physical Education. Keywords: practice, public school, private school, sport materials & sport facilities DOI: 10.7176/JTHS/62-01 Publication date: November 30 th 2022

Scaling up urban infrastructure for physical activity in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond

Scaling up urban infrastructure for physical activity in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond

Comparison of Three Instruments for Activity Disability in Acute Ischemic Stroke Survivors.

Disabilities in physical activity and functional independence affect the early rehabilitation of stroke survivors. Moreover, a good instrument for assessing activity disability allows accurate assessment of physical disability and assists in prognosis determination. To compare three assessment tools for physical activity in acute-phase stroke survivors. We conducted this prospective observational study at an affiliated hospital of a Medical University in Shanghai, China, from June 2018 to November 2019. We administered three instruments to all patients during post-stroke days 5-7, including the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), and modified Rankin scale (mRs). We analyzed correlations among the aforementioned scales and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) using Spearman's rank-order correlations test. Univariate analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. We used a binary logistic regression model to assess the association between the NIHSS (30 days) and patient-related variables. Finally, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to assess the predictive value of the multivariate regression models. There was a high correlation among the three instruments; furthermore, the MBI had a higher correlation with the NIHSS (days 5-7). The NIHSS (day 30) was correlated with thrombolysis. ROC analysis revealed that the mRs-measured disability level had the highest predictive value of short-term stroke severity (30 days). The MBI was the best scale for measuring disability in physical activity, whereas the mRs showed better accuracy in short-term prediction of stroke severity.

INFLUENCE OF EXPOSURE ON PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE TOWARDS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INVOLVEMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES (PWD): EXPLORING THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ATTITUDE USING SEM APPROACH

Societal acceptance towards disability can have a distressing impact upon the self-confidence and self-image of people with disabilities (PWD), which can discourage the involvement of person with disabilities in physical activity. This study aims to examine the causal relationships of exposure and attitude components on public acceptance towards PWD involvement in physical activity. A convenience sampling technique was utilized to collect data from the public (n=444), at four urban Public Recreation Park in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Structural equation modeling analysis was utilized to assess the hypothesized conceptual model, and examines the relationship among the constructs. Attitude (β=.473, p<.01) displays stronger influence on public acceptance compared to exposure (β=.204, p<.01). The findings revealed the partial mediating role of attitude in the relationship between exposure and public acceptance towards PWD involvement in physical activity. The findings suggest the need for public to have more exposure (experience, knowledge, contact) with the disabled community, which will cultivate positive attitude and hence improve the acceptance towards PWD involvement in physical activity. Future study can include meaningful assessment of other different factors, including their moderating effects. Implications of the result for future practice and directions of research were discussed.

Self-reported physical activity correlates in Swedish adults with multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe benefits of physical activity in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are considerable. Knowledge about factors that correlate to physical activity is helpful in order to develop successful strategies to increase physical activity in persons with MS. Previous studies have focused on correlates to physical activity in MS, however falls self-efficacy, social support and enjoyment of physical activity are not much studied, as well as if the correlates differ with regard to disease severity. The aim of the study was to examine associations between physical activity and age, gender, employment, having children living at home, education, disease type, disease severity, fatigue, self-efficacy for physical activity, falls self-efficacy, social support and enjoyment of physical activity in a sample of persons with MS and in subgroups with regard to disease severity.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional survey study including Swedish community living adults with MS, 287 persons, response rate 58.2%. The survey included standardized self-reported scales measuring physical activity, disease severity, fatigue, self-efficacy for physical activity, falls self-efficacy, and social support. Physical activity was measured by the Physical Activity Disability Survey – Revised.ResultsMultiple regression analyzes showed that 59% (F(6,3) = 64.9, p = 0.000) of the variation in physical activity was explained by having less severe disease (β = −0.30), being employed (β = 0.26), having high falls self-efficacy (β = 0.20), having high self-efficacy for physical activity (β = 0.17), and enjoying physical activity (β = 0.11). In persons with moderate/severe MS, self-efficacy for physical activity explained physical activity.ConclusionsConsistent with previous research in persons with MS in other countries this study shows that disease severity, employment and self-efficacy for physical activity are important for physical activity. Additional important factors were falls self-efficacy and enjoyment. More research is needed to confirm this and the subgroup differences.

The Effectiveness of a Cricket Programme for Engaging People with a Disability in Physical Activity in Fiji

Sport has been demonstrably linked to health particularly through community-based education and development programmes. However, research continues to identify low participation rates of people with a disability in sport. Programmes to address the participation of people with a disability in sport can be challenging, particularly in locations in the Pacific region. The primary aim of this project was to determine the activity levels of people with a disability during a cricket programme delivered in Fiji by Cricket Fiji with support from the International Cricket Council based in Melbourne Australia. A secondary aim was to investigate the relationship between levels of physical activity in the programme and self-esteem and indicators of general adaptive functioning. Results showed that means for self-description scales were high. Step count analysis showed a wide range of steps taken during the programme but similar steps between males and females. Correlations between self-description items and steps showed moderate relationships for self-esteem and confidence. This study showed that the programme was able to effectively provide physical activity opportunities for people with a disability and provides context to the development of longitudinal programmes that should aim to improve physical activity participation and health literacy in this population long term.

PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE TOWARDS PARTICIPATION OF DISABLED PEOPLE IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

AbstractDesire to be accepted by other people is one of the basic human needs. Social isolation or rejection is very stressful to person with disabilities. Social acceptance by normal people towards physical activity participation for the disabled plays a vital role in motivating them to be more physically active. A review of literature indicated that there are several factors that influence public acceptance towards participation of people with disabilities in physical activity. The present study aims to examine the factors that influence public acceptance towards people with disabilities involvement in physical activity. Based on the Theory of Reasoned Action and Cultural Values Theory, four factors (public attitudes, exposure, ethnicity and subjective norms) were examined in this study. A stratified and convenience sampling technique was adopted to collect data from public without disabilities (N=444), who were exercising at four public recreational parks in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The instrument was developed based on previous study and opinion of a panel of experts. Regression analyses were employed to examine the relationship between the variables. The result showed that the relationship between subjective norms and acceptance has the highest value (R2=0.179), compared to attitude (R2=0.146), ethnicity (R2=0.073) and exposure (R2=0.044). The result indicated that stressing on family supports, mutual contacts and promoting positive attitude of the public are promising approaches to improving public acceptance towards participation of the disabled in physical activity. Emphasizing the related factors can help to reduce the public stigma, which is one of the main obstacles to providing healthy lifestyles for the disabled.Keywords: AbstractDesire to be accepted by other people is one of the basic human needs. Social isolation or rejection is very stressful to person with disabilities. Social acceptance by normal people towards physical activity participation for the disabled plays a vital role in motivating them to be more physically active. A review of literature indicated that there are several factors that influence public acceptance towards participation of people with disabilities in physical activity. The present study aims to examine the factors that influence public acceptance towards people with disabilities involvement in physical activity. Based on the Theory of Reasoned Action and Cultural Values Theory, four factors (public attitudes, exposure, ethnicity and subjective norms) were examined in this study. A stratified and convenience sampling technique was adopted to collect data from public without disabilities (N=444), who were exercising at four public recreational parks in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The instrument was developed based on previous study and opinion of a panel of experts. Regression analyses were employed to examine the relationship between the variables. The result showed that the relationship between subjective norms and acceptance has the highest value (R2=0.179), compared to attitude (R2=0.146), ethnicity (R2=0.073) and exposure (R2=0.044). The result indicated that stressing on family supports, mutual contacts and promoting positive attitude of the public are promising approaches to improving public acceptance towards participation of the disabled in physical activity. Emphasizing the related factors can help to reduce the public stigma, which is one of the main obstacles to providing healthy lifestyles for the disabled.Keywords: Attitude; Ethnicity; Exposure; public Acceptance; People with Disabilities; Physical Activity.

Determinants of Participation in Sport and Physical Activity for Students with Disabilities According to Teachers and School-based Practitioners Specialized in Recreational and Competitive Physical Activity

AbstractBecause youth with disabilities participate less in physical activity than young people without disabilities and that schools play an important role in adopting a healthy lifestyle, it is important to deepen our understanding of the elements that foster participation of young people with disabilities in physical activity. The objective of this research is twofold: 1) establish the determinants of participation of youth with disabilities in physical education according to practitioners and 2) document the effects of an initiation and competition program for youth with disabilities on their physical activity. The collection of data using semi-structured interviews was conducted in two phases. The first, among teachers and school-based practitioners (n = 18), aimed to understand their experiences relating to the adoption of healthy lifestyles among their students with disabilities. As for the second, practitioners (n = 12) were interviewed during organized adapted sporting events. Analysis of the interviews shows two categories of determinants, namely determinants relating to school (winning conditions of the environment, the importance of extracurricular activities, and obstacles) as well as determinants relating to the professional competence of teachers (the role of teachers, collaboration between professionals, the benefits of sport and physical activity and obstacles encountered).

An investigation of constraints on participation of old people with disabilities in physical activity

An investigation of constraints on participation of old people with disabilities in physical activity

Restrictions of physical activity participation in older adults with disability: employing keyword network analysis

Older adults with disability might have been increasing due to the rapid aging of society. Many studies showed that physical activity is an essential part for improving quality of life in later lives. Regular physical activity is an efficient means that has roles of primary prevention and secondary prevention. However, there were few studies regarding older adults with disability and physical activity participation. The purpose of this current study was to investigate restriction factors to regularly participate older adults with disability in physical activity by employing keyword network analysis. Two hundred twenty-nine older adults with disability who were over 65 including aging with disability and disability with aging in type of physical disability and brain lesions defined by disabled person welfare law partook in the open questionnaire assessing barriers to participate in physical activity. The results showed that the keyword the most often used was ‘Traffic’ which was total of 21 times (3.47%) and the same proportion as in the ‘personal’ and ‘economical’. Exercise was considered the most central keyword for participating in physical activity and keywords such as facility, physical activity, disabled, program, transportation, gym, discomfort, opportunity, and leisure activity were associated with exercise. In conclusion, it is necessary to educate older persons with disability about a true meaning of physical activity and providing more physical activity opportunities and decreasing inconvenience should be systematically structured in Korea.

Exploring factors related to physical activity in cervical dystonia.

BackgroundPeople with disabilities have reported worse health status than people without disabilities and receiving fewer preventive health services such as counseling around exercise habits. This is noteworthy considering the negative consequences associated with physical inactivity. No research has been conducted on physical activity in cervical dystonia (CD), despite its possible major impact on self-perceived health and disability. Considering the favorable consequences associated with physical activity it is important to know how to promote physical activity behavior in CD. Knowledge of variables important for such behavior in CD is therefore crucial. The aim of this study was to explore factors related to physical activity in individuals with cervical dystonia.MethodsSubjects included in this cross-sectional study were individuals diagnosed with CD and enrolled at neurology clinics (n = 369). Data was collected using one surface mailed self-reported questionnaire. Physical activity was the primary outcome variable, measured with the Physical Activity Disability Survey. Secondary outcome variables were: impact of dystonia measured with the Cervical Dystonia Impact Scale; fatigue measured with the Fatigue Severity Scale; confidence when carrying out physical activity measured with the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale; confidence in performing daily activities without falling measured with the Falls Efficacy Scale; enjoyment of activity measured with Enjoyment of Physical Activity Scale, and social influences on physical activity measured with Social Influences on Physical Activity in addition to demographic characteristics such as age, education level and employment status.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 173 individuals (47 % response rate). The multivariate association between related variables and physical activity showed that employment, self-efficacy for physical activity, education level and consequences for daily activities explained 51 % of the variance in physical activity (Adj R 0.51, F (5, 162) = 35.611, p = 0.000). Employment and self-efficacy for physical activity contributed most strongly to the association with physical activity.ConclusionsConsidering the favorable consequences associated with physical activity it could be important to support the individuals with CD to remain in work and self-efficacy to physical activity as employment and self-efficacy had significant influence on physical activity level. Future research is needed to evaluate causal effects of physical activity on consequences related to CD .

Exploratory Study of Physical Activity in Persons With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

ObjectivesTo explore and describe the perceived facilitators and barriers to physical activity, and to examine the physical activity correlates in people with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. DesignCross-sectional survey study. SettingCommunity-living subjects. ParticipantsSwedish people with CMT disease (N=44; men, 54.5%; median age, 59.5y [interquartile range, 45.3–64.8y]). InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresThe survey included open-ended questions and standardized self-reported scales measuring physical activity, fatigue, activity limitation, self-efficacy for physical activity, fall-related self-efficacy, social support, and enjoyment of physical activity. Physical activity was measured by the Physical Activity Disability Survey–Revised. ResultsQualitative content analysis revealed that personal factors such as fatigue, poor balance, muscle weakness, and pain were important barriers for physical activity behavior. Facilitators of physical activity were self-efficacy for physical activity, activity-related factors, and assistive devices. Multiple regression analysis showed that self-efficacy for physical activity (β=.41) and fatigue (β=−.30) explained 31.8% of the variation in physical activity (F2,40=10.78, P=.000). ConclusionsDespite the well-known benefits of physical activity, physical activity in people with CMT disease is very sparsely studied. These new results contribute to the understanding of factors important for physical activity behavior in people with CMT disease and can guide health professionals to facilitate physical activity behavior in this group of patients.

Physical activity in subjects with multiple sclerosis with focus on gender differences: a survey

BackgroundThere is increasing research that examines gender-issues in multiple sclerosis (MS), but little focus has been placed on gender-issues regarding physical activity. The aim of the present study was to describe levels of physical activity, self-efficacy for physical activity, fall-related self-efficacy, social support for physical activity, fatigue levels and the impact of MS on daily life, in addition to investigating gender differences.MethodsThe sample for this cross-sectional cohort study consisted of 287 (84 men; 29.3%) adults with MS recruited from the Swedish Multiple Sclerosis Registry. A questionnaire was sent to the subjects consisting of the self-administrated measurements: Physical Activity Disability Survey – Revised, Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, Falls- Efficacy Scale (Swedish version), Social Influences on Physical Activity, Fatigue Severity Scale and Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale. Response rate was 58.2%.ResultsMen were less physically active, had lower self-efficacy for physical activity and lower fall-related self-efficacy than women. This was explained by men being more physically affected by the disease. Men also received less social support for physical activity from family members. The level of fatigue and psychological consequences of the disease were similar between the genders in the total sample, but subgroups of women with moderate MS and relapsing remitting MS experienced more fatigue than men.ConclusionsMen were less physically active, probably a result of being more physically affected by the disease. Men being more physically affected explained most of the gender differences found in this study. However, the number of men in the subgroup analyses was small and more research is needed. A gender perspective should be considered in strategies for promoting physical activity in subjects with MS, e.g. men may need more support to be physically active.

An exploratory study of how sports and recreation industry personnel perceive the barriers and facilitators of physical activity in children with disability

Purpose: To explore the perceived barriers and facilitators to participation in physical activity among children with disability in physical activity and community sports from the perspective of sports and recreation industry personnel. Method: A convenient sample of 24 participants was recruited from delegates attending a symposium on physical activity for organisations in the sport and recreation sector in Victoria, Australia. The participants completed a brief questionnaire. Data were analysed by content analysis using an inductive approach. Results: The participants reported 25 facilitators and 20 barriers to participation for children with disability. The top five reported facilitators were: welcoming providers, support and encouragement from parents or others, inclusive providers, adaptable approaches and accessibility of facilities. The top five reported barriers were: inaccessible facilities, non-inclusive providers, transport, lack of relevant opportunities and cost. Conclusions: Sports industry personnel share a similar perspective to families of potential barriers and facilitators to engagement by children with disability in physical activity and community sports. Policy change was not considered as a facilitator of physical activity, even though four of the top five facilitators identified could be implemented through local policy change.Implications for RehabilitationThere are multiple factors that interact with each other which influence the participation by children with disability in physical activity and community sports.The sports and recreation industry should consider policy change as a relevant way to facilitate participation by children with disability in physical activity.More professional development and disability engagement opportunities for sports and recreation industry personnel may help address some of the barriers to participation for children with disability experience.

A Combined Inspiratory and Expiratory Muscle Training Program Improves Respiratory Muscle Strength and Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis

ObjectiveTo determine the effects of a short-duration, combined (inspiratory and expiratory), progressive resistance respiratory muscle training (RMT) protocol on respiratory muscle strength, fatigue, health-related quality of life, and functional performance in individuals with mild-to-moderate multiple sclerosis (MS). DesignQuasi-experimental before-after trial. SettingUniversity rehabilitation research laboratory. ParticipantsVolunteers with MS (N=21) were divided into 2 groups: RMT (n=11; 9 women, 2 men; mean age ± SD, 50.9±5.7y, mean Expanded Disability Status Scale score ± SD, 3.2±1.9) and a control group that did not train (n=10; 7 women, 3 men; mean age ± SD, 56.2±8.8y, mean Expanded Disability Status Scale score ± SD, 4.4±2.1). Expanded Disability Status Scale scores ranged from 1 to ≤6.5. No patients withdrew from the study. InterventionTraining was a 5-week combined progressive resistance RMT program, 3d/wk, 30 minutes per session. Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome measures were maximal inspiratory pressure and expiratory pressure and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale. All subjects completed secondary measures of pulmonary function, the six-minute walk test, the timed stair climb, the Multiple Sclerosis Self-Efficacy Scale, the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, and the Physical Activity Disability Scale. ResultsMaximal inspiratory pressure and expiratory pressure (mean ± SD) increased 35%±22% (P<.001) and 26%±17% (P<.001), respectively, whereas no changes were noted in the control group (12%±23% and −4%±17%, respectively). RMT improved fatigue (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, P<.029), with no change or worsening in the control group. No changes were noted in the six-minute walk test, stair climb, Multiple Sclerosis Self-Efficacy Scale, or Physical Activity Disability Scale in the RMT group. The control group had decreases in emotional well-being and general health (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey). ConclusionsA short-duration, combined RMT program improved inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength and reduced fatigue in patients with mild to moderate MS.

신체활동 참여 장애인의 동기, 제약극복전략 및 참여수준의 관계 - 제약극복전략 척도의 개발과 적용

신체활동 참여 장애인의 동기, 제약극복전략 및 참여수준의 관계 - 제약극복전략 척도의 개발과 적용