Director Of Pathology Research Articles

Fight for Sight: Advancing the Treatment and Prevention of Eye Disease

Fight for Sight was founded in 1965 by Dr. Norman Ashton, C.B.E., director of pathology at the University College London (UCL) Institute of Ophthalmology and a world leader in research into eye diseases. In the same year, the Prevention of Blindness Research Fund (which later became the British Eye Research Foundation) was establishedwith funds raised by the Royal Eye Hospital League of Friends. Fight for Sight, as it exists today, evolved through amerger of Fight for Sight and the British Eye Research Foundation in 2005. This merger created the largest national charity dedicated to funding eye research in the U.K. The charity’s aim is to fund research that increases knowledge, which leads to prevention, cures, and improved treatments for eye diseases and offers a better quality of life for patients. The eye diseases that we are addressing include a wide range of maladies, from age-relatedmacular degeneration and glaucoma to cataract, diabetic retinopathy, corneal eye disease, and trachoma. We also are studying various inherited eye diseases and the causes of childhood blindness. Fight for Sight-funded researchers are based at academic institutions and hospitals across the U.K. and may be conducting research either in the U.K. or overseas. Each year, the charity receives more than 100 applications for funding, but we are able to fund only 15%–20% of these applications. To decide which applications to fund, Fight for Sight undertakes a rigorous process of peer review; applications are assessed by international leaders in the relevant fields and by our own scientific panel. This process helps ensure that the research funded is of the highest standard and that applications are assessed in the context of other research being undertaken worldwide. As a member of the Association of Medical Research Charities (AMRC), the peer review process complies with AMRC guidelines for best practice. In the fiscal year that ended March 31, 2011, the charity’s total income amounted to about U.S. $7.47 million (£4.8 million), and the charity committed more than U.S. $5.3 million (£3.4 million) of this to new research grants. Fight for Sight is dependent on voluntary donations and actively raises money from a variety of sources, including grant-making trusts and companies, legacies, sponsored and regional events, and individual donations.

Performance monitoring in transfusion

Aim In 2012, the RCPA Transfusion QAP will be introducing a pilot for Performance Monitoring in the General Compatibility module. Method After each survey, the Transfusion Advisory Committee review laboratory results and points are allocated for each assessable element. This allows participants to be placed into a performance level based on the final score obtained. From the survey levels, a cumulative performance level (CPL) is calculated. Performance levels are weighted and the CPL is calculated from the sum of individual survey performance levels divided by the last six surveys regardless of year/cycle. Performance levels Reference 100, loss of 0 points, weighting = 1; Reference 99, loss of 1–19 points (minor errors), weighting = 2; Operational, loss of 20–49 points (minor errors), weighting = 3; Review, loss of 50–99 points (1 critical error) weighting = 4; Unsatisfactory, loss of >100 points (2 or more critical errors) weighting = 5. Exceptions Unsatisfactory survey performance level defaults to unsatisfactory CPL; Review survey performance level defaults to review CPL; 3rd consecutive Reference 100 survey performance level resets the CPL to Reference 100. Conclusions/outcomes Participants results falling outside the criteria will be referred to the Advisory Committee for review. A letter of notification and committee report will be issued to the participant, supervisor(s) and Director of Pathology as below. Criteria for letter of notification Letter 1: two critical errors – letter and report sent to participant and supervisor(s); Letter 2: three critical errors – letter and report sent to participant and supervisor(s); Letter 3: four critical errors – letter and report sent to participant, supervisor(s) and Director of Pathology.

Cytologists battle cruel killer in Peru

Cytologists battle cruel killer in Peru

Personalized Cancer Care: A New Paradigm in Oncology

Personalized Cancer Care: A New Paradigm in Oncology

Norman Henry Ashton cbe, dsc (lond), frcp, frcs, frcpath, frcophth, frs, kstj, b11 September 1913, d 4 January 2000

Professor Norman Ashton, a world leader in research into eye diseases, died on Tuesday 4 January 2000 at the age of 86. He was director of pathology at the Institute...

Measles, MMR, and autism: the confusion continues

The WHO estimated the number of measles cases for 1998 as 30 million worldwide with 888 000 measles-related deaths. In developing countries about 10% of all deaths in children under 5 years are measles related. Sad figures considering that measles has been a vaccine-preventable disease for more than three decades. In 1990, the World Summit for Children adopted a goal of vaccinating 90% of children by 2000; despite this undertaking, global coverage actually declined from 79% in 1997 to 72% in 1998. Vaccine coverage varies widely, and 16 countries reported coverage below 50% in 1998. One such country is Afghanistan, where a measles epidemic is now raging with many deaths (see p 1439). In more-developed countries, measles is often regarded, erroneously, as a mild disease-a view belied by the fact that in the USA, in a measles outbreak of about 55 000 cases from 1989 to 1991, over 120 people died. Complications include bronchopneumonia, diarrhoea, encephalitis, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), which leads to death and occurs in 1 out of 8000 children who become infected with measles before their second birthday. SSPE cases have fallen dramatically since the introduction of measles vaccine. A huge blow to the efforts of measles eradication was dealt when 2 years ago, at a press conference, Andrew Wakefield from the Royal Free Hospital, UK, argued that because of uncertainty about its safety, the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine should be withdrawn and the components given separately. He made this claim—not shared by his coinvestigators—on the grounds that there was an association between autism and intestinal abnormalities in 12 children and a possible relation—as recalled by some parents—with MMR vaccination (Lancet 1998; 351: 637–41). Well-founded criticisms of both the study and its interpretation by Wakefield followed, and a different research group from the same institution published epidemiological evidence contradicting this alleged association (Lancet 1999; 353: 2026–29). On April 3, a report from a subgroup of the British Medical Research Council, led by Alan McGregor of King's College London, concluded that “between March, 1998, and September, 1999, there had been no new evidence to suggest a causal link between MMR and inflammatory bowel disease/ autism”. In a new twist, Wakefield's crusade fuelled further anxiety among parents when he and John O'Leary, director of pathology at Coombe Women's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, presented unpublished data to the US Senate's congressional oversight committee in Washington on April 6. The hearing was called by the chairman, Dan Burton, an Indiana Republican, whose grandson has autism and visited the Royal Free Hospital in November last year. At the hearing, six parents of children with autism gave moving testimonies of their children's illness. Scientific evidence was presented by six chosen “experts”. According to Wakefield's testimony, he has now studied more than 150 children with “autistic enterocolitis”—an unproven association had become a disease—and a detailed analysis of the first 60 cases is to be published in the American Journal of Gastroenterology later this year. Wakefield presented uninterpretable fragments of results only and concentrated on refuting studies that had contradicted his findings. His conclusions were surprisingly non-committal: “the virological data indicate that this may be measles virus in some children”; he added that it would be imprudent to interpret the temporal relationship with MMR as a chance finding, in the absence of thorough investigation. O'Leary explained that gut-biopsy material from 24 of 25 children with autism was positive for measles virus compared with one of 15 controls, and that this material was presented to him by Wakefield using “blinded protocols”. Since the controls are not further described and the details of these findings remain unpublished, this evidence raises far more questions than it answers. Autism is a poorly understood neurodevelopmental-disease spectrum with a heart-breaking personal story behind every case. But parents of such children have not been served well by these latest claims made well beyond the publically available evidence. A congressional hearing, like a press conference, is no place to make controversial scientific assessments. And if scientists question the safety of vaccines without making their evidence fully transparent, harm will be done to many more children than they purport to protect.

The BAMM Clinical Directors Series Clinical Director of Pathology: Tackling the Role

The BAMM Clinical Directors Series Clinical Director of Pathology: Tackling the Role

SIDS statement poorly timed

In my role as pediatric pathologist and director of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at Children9s Hospital of Wisconsin, I have the responsibility for the medical direction of the Wisconsin Sudden Infant Death Center, which administers the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome program for the state of Wisconsin. I received the news release regarding the AAP recommendation that infants sleep on their side or back on April 15, 1992, in the morning. The news media had already arranged for an interview with me at 1:30 p.m. that afternoon.

Substaging cancers gives treatment flexibility

One of the most puzzling questions in cancer treatment is why patients with tumors of apparently similar type and stage don't all respond to the same treatment. In two separate studies investigators have now discovered (1) clues in biopsy specimens that may predict which women with stage I breast cancer are most likely to have recurrences after surgery and (2) which patients with invasive bladder cancer are most likely to benefit from preoperative radiation therapy. If the findings hold up, they could prove valuable in helping physicians decide which patients need the most aggressive treatment and in the design of therapeutic trials to discover more effective therapies. Analysis of patients with breast cancer was done by Thomas Nealon, MD, director of surgery at Saint Vincent's Hospital in New York City and professor of surgery at the New York University School of Medicine, and John Gilloolley, MD, director of pathology at

Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology.

This is the beginning of a new and exciting series pertaining to the relatively "infant" discipline of pediatric pathology. The content is varied, aimed at the generalized interests of the pediatric pathologist and his associates, as opposed to the usual organsystem orientation of the "mature" anatomic pathologist. The editors are well known in the pediatric pathology field. Harvey Rosenberg is director of laboratories at Texas Children's Hospital and professor of pathology and pediatrics at Baylor University in Waco, Tex. He has contributed one of the chapters in the book on morphol ogy and pathogenesis of coarctation of the aorta. Robert Bolande is director of pathology at Montreal Children's Hospital and a professor at McGill University; he is the author of a modern classic in the subject area,<i>Cellular Aspects of Developmental Pathology</i>. His chapter in this volume, "Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma of Infancy," is one of the highlights of the book.

The Pathology of Limb Ischaemia. By J. Henry Dible, M.B., LL.D., F.R.C.P. Professor Emeritus of Pathology, University of London. Formerly Director of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical School of London. Number 3. Pathological Monographs. Edited by Sir Roy Cameron, F.R.S., and G. Payling Wright. l0x6½ in. Pp. x+100, with 85 figures (2 in colour). Index. 1966. Edinburgh and London: Oliver & Boyd

The Pathology of Limb Ischaemia. By J. Henry Dible, M.B., LL.D., F.R.C.P. Professor Emeritus of Pathology, University of London. Formerly Director of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical School of London. Number 3. Pathological Monographs. Edited by Sir Roy Cameron, F.R.S., and G. Payling Wright. l0x6½ in. Pp. x+100, with 85 figures (2 in colour). Index. 1966. Edinburgh and London: Oliver & Boyd Ltd. Price 57s. 6d

Book Reviews

Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Autoimmunity and Disease. By Glynn L. E., M.D. (LONU.), F.R.C.P. (LOND.), Path F.C.., Member of Scientific Staff Medical Research Council Rheumatism, Research Unit, Taplow; lion. Consultant Pathologist, North West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board, Director of Pathology, Canadian Red Cross Memorial Hospital, Taplow, Bucks; and Holborow E. J., M.A., M.D. (CANTAB.), Member of Scientific Staff, Medical Research Council Rheumatism, Research Unit, Taplow, Hon. Consultant Bacteriologist, North West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board, vii and 420 pp.; 05 figs.; 11 tables. $12.00. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company, 1905. E. E. Muikhead E. E. Muikhead Memphis, Tennessee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 46, Issue 6, 1 December 1966, Page 674, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/46.6.674 Published: 01 December 1966

Studies on Demodex folliculorum Simon (1842). I. Life history

1. Histological data are given about the location and frequency of the different stages of the life history of D. folliculorum in the pilo-sebaceous apparatus of man. These data are examined statistically and the relative durations of each stage and their movements in the follicle are deduced from them.2. A method of in vitro culture is described and data are given about the longevity of the various stages of the life history.3. Experiments on the behaviour of the different motile stages of the mite are described. It is concluded that the deutonymph is the distributive stage, and that distribution occurs over the skin surface.4. The life history is reconstructed by a synthesis of the evidence presented. The life-cycle lasts approximately 14½ days, the life span of each stage of it being: ovum 60 hr., larva 36 hr., protonymph 72 hr., deutonymph 60 hr., adult 120 hr. Interval between copulation and oviposition 12 hr.This work was largely carried out in the Department of Pathology of the Institute of Dermatology, London, and I wish to thank the Director of Pathology, Dr J. O. Oliver, for making available to me the facilities of his department, and for his advice and interest during the progress of the work. The photographs were prepared by Mr R. H. Lunnan of the Photographic Department of the Institute of Dermatology. I am indebted to the Dean of the Institute of Dermatology for permission to publish the photographs.I am grateful to Mr T. E. Hughes of the Department of Zoology, Birkbeck College, University of London, for his advice at all times, and to Miss Hilda Davies of the Department of Statistics, University of Sheffield, for help with statistical methods and to Mr W. Moseley, who prepared the text figures.Finally, I wish to express my thanks to Professor I. Chester Jones and Dr E. T. B. Francis of the Department of Zoology, University of Sheffield, for reading the manuscript and for their help in its preparation.

Government Services

<h3>ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY</h3><h3>General Callendar Honored.—</h3> Gen. George R. Callendar, director of Pathology and Allied Sciences, Veterans Administration, received recognition for his outstanding contributions to pathology and medicine at the Annual Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Lectures on Feb. 16. After an introduction by Col. Frank M. Townsend, USAF, M.C., the director of the Institute, General Callendar received a standing ovation from the 300 pathologists and physicians attending the lectures and a citation. General Callendar was director of the Institute from 1920 to 1922 and again from 1924 to 1929. <h3>DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE</h3><h3>Russian Medical Literature.—</h3> Through the Office of Technical Services, Business and Defense Services Administration, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C., translations of the following Russian scientific works are available. 61-110745<i>Bioelectrical Control of Prosthetic Devices</i>. November, 1960, 5 pages, 500. Translation of an article from<i>Vestnik Akademii Nauk USSR</i>, vol. 30, no.

The experimental infection of calves with Mycobacterium ulcerans.

Skin lesions with histopathology similar to that seen in lesions in man have been produced in calves by the experimental inoculation of cultures of Myco. ulcerans. Sensitization of infected calves to mammalian tuberculin as well as to ulceranin has been demonstrated.It is considered unlikely that cattle are a reservoir of infection for man.The expenses of this investigation were met by a research grant from the Board of Management, Alfred Hospital.We are indebted to Dr A. V. Jackson, Director of Pathology, Alfred Hospital, for the reports on histopathology.

PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISORDERS. Edited by Peter MARTIN, V.R.D., M.Chir., F.R.C.S.Ed., Lecturer in Surgery, Postgraduate Medical School, London, Surgeon to Chelmsford and Billericay Hospitals; R. Beverley Lynn, M.D., F.R.C.S., Assistant Professor of Surgery and Markle Scholar, Medical College, University of Saskatchewan, Formerly Assistant Lecturer in Surgery, Postgraduate Medical School, London; J. Henry Dible, M.B., LL.D., F.R.C.P., Professor Emeritus of Pathology, University

PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISORDERS. Edited by Peter MARTIN, V.R.D., M.Chir., F.R.C.S.Ed., Lecturer in Surgery, Postgraduate Medical School, London, Surgeon to Chelmsford and Billericay Hospitals; R. Beverley Lynn, M.D., F.R.C.S., Assistant Professor of Surgery and Markle Scholar, Medical College, University of Saskatchewan, Formerly Assistant Lecturer in Surgery, Postgraduate Medical School, London; J. Henry Dible, M.B., LL.D., F.R.C.P., Professor Emeritus of Pathology, University of London, Director of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical School, London; and Ian Aird, Ch.M., F.R.C.S., Professor of Surgery, University of London, Director of Surgery, Postgraduate Medical School, London; with five other contributors. 10x7½ in. Pp. viii+847, with 450 figures. Index. 1956. Edinburgh and London: E. & S. Livingstone Ltd. Price £5, 10s

Haemopoesis as seen in Batrechoseps attenuatus.

Acta Medica ScandinavicaVolume 140, Issue 3 p. 183-192 Haemopoesis as Seen in Batrechoseps Attenuatus FREDERICK DURAN-JORDA M.D., FREDERICK DURAN-JORDA M.D. Director of Pathology, Manchester Babies' and Children's Hospital Management Committee, Booth Hall Hospital, Blackley, Manchester 9.Search for more papers by this author FREDERICK DURAN-JORDA M.D., FREDERICK DURAN-JORDA M.D. Director of Pathology, Manchester Babies' and Children's Hospital Management Committee, Booth Hall Hospital, Blackley, Manchester 9.Search for more papers by this author First published: January/December 1951 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1951.tb10170.xCitations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume140, Issue3January/December 1951Pages 183-192 RelatedInformation

Chorionepithelioma with amenorrhoea; massive hepatomegaly with undiscovered primary tumour.

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & GynaecologyVolume 57, Issue 5 p. 757-764 CHORIONEPITHELIOMA WITH AMENORRHOEA Massive Hepatomegaly with Undiscovered Primary Tumour Derek Freeth M.B., M.R.C.O.G., Derek Freeth M.B., M.R.C.O.G. Late Obstetric and Gynaecological RegistrarSearch for more papers by this authorA. J. McCall M.D., M.R.C.P., A. J. McCall M.D., M.R.C.P. Director of Pathology, North Staffordshire Royal Infirmary, Stoke-on-TrentSearch for more papers by this author Derek Freeth M.B., M.R.C.O.G., Derek Freeth M.B., M.R.C.O.G. Late Obstetric and Gynaecological RegistrarSearch for more papers by this authorA. J. McCall M.D., M.R.C.P., A. J. McCall M.D., M.R.C.P. Director of Pathology, North Staffordshire Royal Infirmary, Stoke-on-TrentSearch for more papers by this author First published: October 1950 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1950.tb06039.xCitations: 8AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume57, Issue5October 1950Pages 757-764 RelatedInformation

Kettle’s Pathology of Tumours

Kettle’s Pathology of Tumours Kettle’s Pathology of Tumours. By Barnard W. G., F.R.C.P., Professor of Pathology, University of London, at St. Thomas’s Hospital Medical School; Director of Pathology, St. Thomas’s Hospital, London, and Robb-Smith A.H.T., M.A. Oxon., M.D. London, Nuffield Reader in Pathology, University of Oxford; Director of Pathology, Radcliffe Infirmary. Ed.3. 326 pp. with 191 illustrations. London: H. K. Lewis & Co., Ltd., 1945. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 16, Issue 3, 1 March 1946, Page 231, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/16.3.231 Published: 01 March 1946

Anatomical X-Ray Studies of the Lung, Primarily for Tuberculosis

The importance of roentgenology in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis has been gradually and surely established. The clinical symptoms and the infectious nature of the disease had been recorded in the literature by such men as Hippocrates, Laennec, Villemin, and others before Koch's discovery of the tubercle bacillus. By use of the x-ray, it is possible for the pathologist to write a more complete protocol of the lung findings, and it is the pathologist who frequently establishes the primary and contributing causes of death. Ghon employed x-rays in his anatomical examinations of lung specimens only in exceptional cases in which most careful anatomic search failed to reveal minute calcific tubercles. Opie has made an extensive use of the roentgenographic method in his anatomical studies of pulmonary tuberculosis. Dr. Kornel L. Terplan, Director of Pathology at the Buffalo General Hospital, asked the co-operation of the X-Ray Department in the anatomical study of lung specimens The purpose of such examination is to locate more easily and accurately very small chalky and calcified lesions. Histologic examination of all lesions was found to be indispensable. Over a period of ten years we have examined by x-ray 800 lung specimens. Doctor Terplan has selected the cases shown in the accompanying plates and prepared the brief summary attached to each illustration. The technic used in producing these roentgenograms was as follows: The specimen was placed on the x-ray table top, protected by black photographic paper. The film, in a cardboard holder, was placed in the drawer of the Potter-Bucky diaphragm. The target-film distance was 28 inches. Other factors were: 75 kv., 35 ma., exposure time 3 1/2 seconds. The factors were adjusted to the size of the specimen. The above factors gave satisfactory roentgenograms of the lung specimens, as the accompanying plates demonstrate. The specimens were not inflated with air nor were any other procedures used. Before arriving at this method, many others were tried. The plain film and the Bucky diaphragm seem to be the principal factors. The final pathological observations based on the large group of specimens studied will be published later by Doctor Terplan. The purpose of this paper is simply to present a method that produced satisfactory roentgenograms of lung specimens.