Direction Of Hostility Questionnaire Research Articles

Psychological factors in relation to the 10-year incidence of metabolic syndrome: The ATTICA epidemiological study (2002–2012)

Background and aimsVarious bio-psychological mechanisms underlying the association between mental health problems and metabolic syndrome remain unknown. We investigated the role of irrational beliefs in conjunction with anxiety, depression and hostility in the 10-year metabolic syndrome (MetS) incidence, and the effect of biochemical and socio-behavioral factors on the aforementioned associations. Methods and resultsATTICA is a prospective, cohort study (2002–2012). The sample included 591 participants [51.3% men (aged 41.5 ± 10 years) and 48.7% women (aged 37.5 ± 11.5 years)], free of MetS at baseline. Detailed biochemical, clinical, and lifestyle evaluations were performed, while participants’ irrational beliefs, anxiety, depression and hostility were assessed using the Irrational Beliefs Inventory, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire, respectively. Multiple logistic regression was applied to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of developing MetS and to control for confounders, as well as stratified logistic regression to detect moderator effects. High irrational beliefs were associated with 1.5-times higher odds of developing MetS than low irrational beliefs. Especially, participants with high irrational beliefs and high anxiety were 96% more likely to develop MetS, compared with those with low irrational beliefs and low or high anxiety (OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.01, 3.80). ConclusionThe findings of the study underline the important role of irrational beliefs and anxiety in the development of MetS and the need to build new holistic approaches focused on the primary prevention of both mental health and MetS.

Paranoid Hostility but Not Depressive Symptoms Associated with Cytokines During the Premenstrual Phase in Young Women

It is well known that some women, during their premenstrual phase, express Hostility (Ho) and Depressive symptoms (De). Various studies indicate that Ho and De correlate with circulating concentrations of cytokines. These data support the hypothesis of an inflammation-sensitive mechanism linked to certain psychological states. The aim of this study was to correlate Ho and De with selective proinflammatory cytokines during the menstrual cycle in young women. Twenty-two physically healthy medical students, mean age 22.95+2.83(SD), were studied. All reported regular menses that ranged between 27-33 days. Blood was drawn three times across a single cycle: at follicular phase (FL), at mid luteal phase (ML) and at late luteal phase (LL) corresponding to the premenstrual phase. The following proinflammatory cytokines were determined at each sample: Interleukin 8 (IL-8), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 1α (IL-1α), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α). Immediately before blood sampling the women completed the Zung self-rating depression scale and the hostility and direction of hostility questionnaire (HDHQ), which comprises five subscales: urge to act out hostility, criticism of others, paranoid hostility, self-criticism and delusional guilt. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to determine the relation between variables at the specific time points; ρ<0.05 was considered significant. Mean values of cytokines did not change significantly throughout the menstrual cycle. Paranoid hostility was positively correlated with IL-8 (Rs=0.476, p=0.046), IL-1α (Rs=0.458, p=0.048) and TNF-α (Rs=0.518, p=0.023) in LLphase. No other significant correlation was found. Cytokines correlate with paranoid hostility and this correlation is probably related with the premenstrual hormonal changes. It is difficult to evaluate the clinical significance of our findings, nevertheless, when exploring the above association, it is necessary to take into consideration the phase of the cycle as well as the special aspects of Ho we seek to study.

Psychiatric Morbidity and Personality Characteristics of Detained Adolescents With Delinquent Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study.

The current study was undertaken with the aim of assessing the psychopathological symptoms, personality profile, and hostility in detained adolescents with delinquent behavior. A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on 50 admitted adolescent delinquents in correctional institutes in the Greater Cairo region of Egypt. Results for delinquent adolescents were compared with age-equivalent adolescents with no history of delinquency. Both groups were subjected to the Adolescent and Adult Psychological State Inventory, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Locus of Control scale, and the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ). Results concluded that adolescents with delinquent behavior displayed increased rates of psychiatric disorders over the comparative group. Significantly higher scores on the psychoticism, neuroticism, extraversion, and psychopathic deviation subscales and the Locus of Control scale were evident among the adolescent delinquent group compared with their nondelinquent peers. The delinquent group obtained, in general, higher overall scores on the HDHQ questionnaire when compared with the nondelinquent adolescents, while also obtaining higher scores on the paranoid hostility subscale of HDHQ. Acting out hostility scores correlated positively with neuroticism and psychoticism in delinquents. Psychiatric morbidity, extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism, and increased hostility were found to contribute as major psychosocial factors underlying the psychopathology in detained juvenile delinquents.

Personality & mental health of Greek cosplayers, in relation to postgraduate “mental health” students

ABSTRACTAim of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate personality features and psychiatric symptomatology of the Greek cosplayers, in comparison to a control group of new mental health postgraduate students (NMHPS) at the Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly. Relative literature on cosplayers worldwide is almost non-existent. The psychometric tools used were the HDHQ (Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire) and the SCL-90-R (Symptoms Check List-90-Revised), on 49 Greek cosplayers and 37 NMHPS. The HDHQ estimates quantity, structure, and direction of hostile mood, which reveals personality characteristics and dimensions. The SCL-90-R detects nine different psychopathological states: somatization, obsessivity-compulsivity, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, anger/aggression, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychotic symptoms. Other data investigated were participants’ demographics and cosplay practice. The statistical analysis was descriptive and inductive; parametric and non-parametric. Greek cosplayers exhibited higher levels of all hostility forms; mainly extroverted, self-criticism & other-criticism, and psychopathological conditions; mainly depression & obsessivity-compulsivity, than the NMHPS. Demographics that increased some form of hostility or psychopathological symptom for the cosplayers were female gender, lower level education, cosplaying >10 characters, while, respectively, marital status and health-care profession for the NMHPS. Greek cosplayers experience significantly more pronounced psychopathological symptoms than the control group. Cosplay probably enhances their sociability and interpersonal relationships development, whose type gets influenced by their personality, alike the degree of chosen cosplay character adoption while in costume. Interest to study mental health, might benefit it. Cosplayers may display dysmorphophobic traits and similarities to people disliking their identity; elevated levels of depression, hostility and self/other-criticism.

Comparative study of hostility in depressive patients with and without a suicide attempt history

Hostility in association with depression seems to be connected to suicidal behavior. This study aimed to evaluate hostility and its dimensions in relation to depression in patients who suffered from diagnosed depression with and without a suicide attempt history. The study included 168 participants; 58 patients with depression and suicide attempt history, 55 patients with depression without a suicide attempt history and 55 healthy controls. Hostility was assessed with the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire, while depression with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Patients with depression and a suicide attempt history compared with the patients without attempt history presented statistically significantly higher total hostility (28.71 ± 6.43 vs 24.20 ± 7.66), extroverted hostility (17.16 ± 4.37 vs 14.15 ± 4.63), acting out hostility (6.03 ± 2.09 vs 4.73 ± 1.93), and self criticism (6.95 ± 2.12 vs 5.89 ± 2.32). No statistically significant differences were found between the two clinical groups in depression according to the BDI. Moreover depressive patients with suicide attempt history scored higher in all the hostility dimensions than the controls. Therefore, it could be suggested that hostility and especially its extrapunitive dimensions are associated with suicidal behavior, since no differences in depression were recorded between the two clinical groups.

The Relationship of Basic School Skills and Psychological Characteristics in Roma

The relationship between basic educational skills andpsychological characteristics in Roma is not fully explored. This study examined the potential association amongbasic skills of reading and writing and psychopathology, shame, hostility andanxiety as trait in Romani community members. To test the link between basic school skills and psychologicalcharacteristics in Roma citizenships in Greece. In this study 361 Roma residents in region of Greece were participated. The sample consisted of 125 men and 236women with mean age 34 years (SD = 13, ranged 18-73)The participants completed:a) question for the recording of social-demographic characteristics a) The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, b) The Other as Shamer Scale, c) The Experience of Shame Scale, d) The Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire, and e) The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. One hundred thirty two out of361 Roma have the skill of reading while 131 out of those have the ability towriting. There were no statistical significant differences between the twosexes (reading p=.094 and writing p=.127) We did not found any significantassociations among the skill of reading and the psychological characteristicsthat investigated in the present study, by using general linear models (MANCOVA). Regardingskills of writing statistical significant associations were found in terms ofdepression (p=?<?.05) and trait anxiety (p?<?.05). The analysis of Roma education related to theirpsychological profile is important, as it tries to reveal the ambivalence ofthe psychological situation in which the Gypsies may exist.

Homocysteine, cortisol, diabetes mellitus, and psychopathology.

Objective. This study investigates the association of homocysteine and cortisol with psychological factors in type 2 diabetic patients. Method. Homocysteine, cortisol, and psychological variables were analyzed from 131 diabetic patients. Psychological factors were assessed with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ), the Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL 90-R), the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZDRS), and the Maudsley O-C Inventory Questionnaire (MOCI). Blood samples were taken by measuring homocysteine and cortisol in both subgroups during the initial phase of the study (T0). One year later (T1), the uncontrolled diabetic patients were reevaluated with the use of the same psychometric instruments and with an identical blood analysis. Results. The relation of psychoticism and homocysteine is positive among controlled diabetic patients (P value = 0.006 < 0.05) and negative among uncontrolled ones (P value = 0.137). Higher values of cortisol correspond to lower scores on extraversion subscale (r p = −0.223, P value = 0.010). Controlled diabetic patients showed a statistically significant negative relationship between homocysteine and the act-out hostility subscale (r sp = −0.247, P = 0.023). There is a statistically significant relationship between homocysteine and somatization (r sp = −0.220, P = 0.043). Conclusions. These findings support the notion that homocysteine and cortisol are related to trait and state psychological factors in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.

Personality traits, defense mechanisms and hostility features associated with somatic symptom severity in both health and disease

ObjectiveSomatic symptoms are widespread in clinical practice. The association of somatic symptom severity with impaired health status holds both when symptoms are medically unexplained and when they are medically explained. The role of personality dimensions in the formation of somatic symptoms in patients with established, chronic diseases when compared to healthy participants had not been investigated prior to this study. MethodsIn samples of 411 healthy subjects and 810 participants with any of 9 established, chronic medical conditions, we measured psychological distress (SCL-90-R), personality traits (Zuckerman–Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire), defensive profiles (Defense Style Questionnaire), individual defenses (Life Style Index) and hostility features (Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire). Hierarchical multivariate models were used to assess the independent associations between personality dimensions and somatic symptom severity in both samples. The SCL-90-R somatization scale served as the outcome variable. ResultsIn both samples, older age, less education, higher neuroticism, adoption of the displacement defense and depressive symptoms were independently and positively associated with somatic symptom severity. Higher somatic symptom severity was also associated with more “introverted” features (i.e., the self-sacrificing defensive style and self-criticism) among participants with established, chronic medical conditions. ConclusionsThese data suggest that similar personality traits and defense mechanisms are associated with somatic symptom severity in health and disease, indicating that somatic symptoms are not simply consequences of having a medical condition. The specific associations of the self-sacrificing defensive profile and self-criticism with somatic symptom severity in the patient sample may have important clinical implications.

1197 – Social-psychological differences between men and women greek doctors

Many studies have concluded that doctors -irrelevant of their specialties- have higher levels of hostility and psychological problems compared to these observed in the general population. The investigation of psychological characteristics of Greek male and female resident doctors. To demonstrate the high hostility rates among physicians. 102 Greek resident doctors in the field of Internal Medicine, 45 male and 57 female, participated in the present study. The scientific tools used were: a) the Other As Shamer Scale (OAS), b) the Experience of Shame Scale (ESS), c) the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ), d) The Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), e) a questionnaire concerning socio-demographic information. The 52% of the sample(73,3% of male and 33,5% of female) are single with mean age 33,9 and 34,2 correspondingly. In their comparison using the T-Test it was observed that the male resident doctors showed a statistically higher mean value in the subscales of: behavioral shame (P=0,045), criticism of others (P=0,031), extrapunitiveness (P=0,048). No other significant differences were demonstrated between the two groups. There were not demonstrated significant differences between male and female doctors. Both male as well as female resident doctors of the sample showed high levels of hostility, a result that is supported by many other international studies. Concerning the socio-demographic results of the study it must be stressed that the medical doctors used in the sample are married at a higher age compared to the general Greek population of their coevals.

1868 – Psychological risk factors in families of autistic children

Introduction Large bodies of work have shown that parents of children with disabilities experienced a disproportionately greater level of stress relating to their children. Objectives To investigate the relationship of shame, psychopathology, hostility as well as anxiety in parents of children with autism. Aim To examine the impact of autism spectrum disorder on the family and compared to with families of diabetic children Methods A community sample of 105 parents of autistic children (36 men - 69 women, mean age 41 years, SD = 6,5 ranged 30-56) and 83 parents of children with diabetes (18 men - 65 women, mean age 41 years, SD = 7 ranged 24-54) participated to the present study. The families were recruited if their children had been diagnosed with autism or diabetes for at least 1 year and had no other comorbid chronic illnesses. No children age restrictions were applied. The two groups were completed a) the Other of Shame scale (OAS) b) the the Experience of Shame Scale (ESS) c) the Symptom Check-List Revised (SCL-90) d) the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ) and e) questionnaire concerning socio-demographic information. Results Age did not differ significantly among the two groups (t=.016, p=.986). Logistic regression found that significant positive correlations were obtained for certain independent risk factors, namely internal shame (OR= 0.9, 95%CI .85-.92), anxiety (OR=1.35 95%CI 1.09-1.67) and paranoid hostility (OR=1.93, 95%CI 1.28-2.92), after adjusting for sociodemographicrelated variables. Conclusion Shame, anxiety and paranoid hostility were found significant for families with a child with autism.

1859 – The effect of unemployment on mental health

Introduction Considering the current Greek economic crisis, it is reasonable to discuss the potential and expected effects of the crisis in mental health. Objective This study examined the effect of unemployment on mental health. Aim This study aimed at detecting the interaction of unemployment on the bio-psycho-social health. Materials and methods 273 community individuals participated in the present study (122 men - 151 women, mean age 49,2± 6,9). The measures used were: a) Family Environment Scale (FES), b) the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ), c) the Symtom Checklist 90-R (SCL-90), and d) State - Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), e) Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), f) Other As Shamer Scale (OAS), g) Experience of Shame Scale (ESS). Results Multivariate analysis was applied for the statistical analysis of data, and the results was: a) the unemployed have the highest level (6.82) of feelings of inferiority, the total price (47.30) of internal shame, State Anxiety (47,58), Obsessive- Compulsive (11,42), interpersonal sensitivity (8,30), depression (13,64), phobic anxiety (3,79), and intropunitiveness hostility (7,45). Still have the lowest levels of the scales of Intellectual - Cultural Orientation (4,97), family orientation for active recreational activity (3,61), mental health (58,00), physical role (62,12) and summary scale of physical health (266,64). Conclusion It was found that the unemployed suffer more than all social groups at periods of economic crisis and this has impacts on psychosomatic health, on state stress, as much as on the feelings of inferiority and shame which they feel.

1846 – The effect of borrowing on mental health

Considering the current Greek economic crisis, it is reasonable to discuss the potential and expected effects of the crisis in mental health. This study examined the effect of borrowing on mental health. This study aimed at detecting the interaction of borrowing on the bio-psycho-social health. 273 community individuals participated in the present study. The measures used were: Family Environment Scale, the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire, the Symtom Checklist 90-R, State - Trait Anxiety Inventory, Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales, Other As Shamer Scale, Experience of Shame Scale, Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire. The borrowers have statistically higher average than non-borrowers parents at the scales of paranoid-ideation 6,55 ± 4,03, guilt (SCL - 90) 0,93 ± 1,14, orientation of the family for achievements 6,44 ± 1,54, moral emphasis of the family environment 4,67± 2,21, and at family mobilization to accept help in the periods when the family is in crisis 11,13 ± 4,65. Particularly interesting result of this study was the finding that borrowers with heavy debt from mortgages and personal loans and credit cards have higher levels of paranoid-ideation (8,38), more stress for their heart function (1,395) and avoiding activities for heart function (1,809), higher levels of internal shame (21,38), feeling empty (4,52), higher levels of behavioral shame (20,62) and higher levels of thoughts of death (1.05). The heavy debt has not only economic consequences but also, is associated with serious psychological distress. The factors of personality, of postponement of satisfaction, of impulsivity are correlated with the borrowing.

1192 – Investigation of psychological characteristics of greek doctors specializing in general-family medicine and in internal medicine

The relatively recent propagation of the specialty of Family Medicine in Greece has created a new reality in the Greek society. This resulted in the “co-inhabitation” of the Family Medicine specialists and the Internal Medicine specialists in various Primary Care units of the country. To investigate the internal and external shame of the residents in Family Medicine and Internal Medicine and the comparison of both groups. To demonstrate the distinct role that Family doctors must have in Primary Care. 102 Greek resident doctors, 52 specializing in Family Medicine and 50 specializing in Internal Medicine participated in the study. The scientific tools used were: a)the Other As Shamer Scale, b) the Experience of Shame Scale, c) the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire, d) The Symptom Checklist-90-R, e) Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Comparing the two groups using the T-Test, it was observed that the residents of Family Medicine showed a statistically significant higher mean value compared to the residents Internal Medicine in the subscales of: characterological shame, behavioral shame, bodily shame, total shame, emptiness, criticism of others, self-criticism, guilt, intropunitiveness, total hostility, neuroticism and an statistically lower mean value compared to the residents of Internal Medicine in the subscales of: mistakes, Anxiety, Phobic Anxiety and Psychotism. The results of the study are supporting the common belief that the specialty of Family Medicine has not yet obtained a specific and distinct role and furthermore has not yet gained the necessary recognition by the Greek society.

P-1161 - Heart focused anxiety following retrospectives memories of negative life events: the role of hostility

Introduction Retrospective memories of stressful events during childhood have been related empirically with a wide range of symptoms in adulthood. Objective To clarify the possible link between memories of childhood stressful events and adult heart focused anxiety. Aim To investigate whether retrospective stressful memories are associated with cardiac anxiety and if this association is mediated through hostility in adulthood. Method A community sample of 300 individuals (100 men - 200 women, mean age 33, SD = 12,5 ranged 18–75), completed the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire, the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire and a questionnaire regarding retrospective memories of stressful experiences during childhood. Results Childhood stressful memories were associated with higher levels of both heart focused anxiety and hostility (r = .005). Elevated levels of cardiac anxiety were also correlated with a hostile attitude (r ≤.001). Regression models revealed that paranoid hostility fully mediated the link between stressful memories and heart focused anxiety for women (β = 2,918, p = .004), after adjustments. No such mediation was proved in men, thus both retrospective stressful memories during childhood and hostile attitudes were independent contributors for anxiety of heart function. No significant differences were found among both sexes, as far as heart focused anxiety (t =−.964, p = .336) and total hostility (t = .342, p = .733) are concerned. Conclusion Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that, in women, childhood stressful memories influences adult levels of cardiac anxiety sensations by fostering paranoid hostility. In men, findings suggest that these memories and hostility are both important independent predictors of adult cardiac anxiety sensitivity.

Dipping Status and Hostility in Newly Diagnosed Essential Hypertension

Personality traits, including hostility, play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, abnormalities in blood pressure circadian pattern, such as a lack of nocturnal BP fall, are related with target organ damage and increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of hostility and its dimensions on dipping status, in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. The study population consisted of 114 newly diagnosed untreated essential hypertensives. All participants underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in order to assess dipping status. Hostility was assessed by Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ). The study population was divided in terms of dipping status in two groups, "dippers" and "non-dippers." The statistical analysis revealed that dippers presented significantly higher score of extrapunitiveness (13.2 +/- 4.9 vs 11.4 +/- 3.9, p = 0.032), as well as significantly higher score of the dimension "urge to act out hostility (AH)" (4 +/- 3 vs 3 +/- 2, p = 0.025) compared to non-dippers. Multivariate regression analysis revealed extrapunitiveness as the only independent predictor of dipping status. The odds ratio (OR) for dipping status associated with each point increase in extrapunitiveness was 0.912 (95% CI: 0.832-0.992; p = 0.048). The present findings may suggest that hostility and its features affect the circadian variation of blood pressure in hypertensive patients, providing a promising objective for future investigations linking psychological factors and dipping status in essential hypertension.

The relationship between intellectual ability and the treatment needs of offenders in a therapeutic community prison

This study explores the relationship between intellectual ability (IA) and the treatment needs of male offenders in a therapeutic community prison. A sample of 1627 offenders with varying levels of IA as measured using the Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM; Raven, 1958) were compared on psychometric measures assessing offence-related treatment needs. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed that offenders with a lower level of IA had significantly higher scores on particular scales of the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ; Caine, Foulds, & Hope, 1967), the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS; Walters, 1995) and the Blame Attribution Inventory (BAI; Gudjonsson, 1984), and a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) found that these differences persisted even after controlling for social desirability. Findings suggest that offenders with a lower level of IA may require adapted treatment interventions that target differences in treatment need.

P03-28 - Effects of childhood traumatic events in later life hostility

IntroductionInterpersonal childhood traumas have been linked empirically with adults’ reports of a wide range of symptoms.ObjectiveThis study tested the association between childhood trauma and adult hostility.AimThe aim was to investigate the impact of childhood trauma on hostility and aggression among individuals who had been exposed to childhood traumatic life events.Method595 community individuals participated to the present study (164 men - 431 women, mean age 34, SD = 12, ranged 18–75). Subjects were classified into two groups — trauma and no-trauma — based on their personal statements of experienced negative life events (300 and 295 individuals respectively). In all individuals, the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ) and the Aggression subscale of The Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) were administered.ResultsHigher levels of hostile and aggressive attitude were observed among participants who had reported exposition to a traumatic event during childhood. In specific, the trauma group reported marginally higher levels of aggressive behavior (p = .041) as measured by aggression SCL-90-R. Significantly differences between groups were observed on paranoid hostility (p = .006), self criticism (p = .011), Guilt (p = .011), intropunitiveness (p = .007) and on total score of hostility (p = .040). Finally, logistic regression revealed that, participants who had experienced childhood trauma had a higher risk of overall hostility (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = .89–.99).ConclusionHigh levels of hostility may reflect difficulties in interpersonal relationships. Our findings illuminate the effect of early traumatic experiences in developing these hostile and aggressive attitudes in adulthood.

P03-37 - Fear of pain and hostility

IntroductionFear of pain motivates defence and protection from events that are perceived as threatening. When defence and protection are not efficient, fear may lead to aggressive acts against the perceived source of threat.ObjectiveThis study tested the link between fear of pain and hostility in adults.AimThe aim was to investigate the relationship between fear of pain and hostility.Method595 community individuals participated to the present study (164 men - 431 women, mean age 34, SD = 12, ranged 18–75). The measures used were: a) the Fear of Pain Questionnaire - III (FPQ-III), b) the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20 (PASS-20) c) the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ) and d) the Aggression subscale of The Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R).ResultsWomen predicted significantly more aggression (t = −1.9, p = .05), while for hostility no differences with sex were observed (t = −.2, p = .80). Hostility was significantly correlated with the amount of fear of pain (r = .27, p = .001) and pain anxiety symptoms (r = .23, p = .001). Significantly correlations were also found with aggression and fear of pain (r = .27, p = .001) and pain anxiety symptoms (r = .31, p = .001). Hierarchical linear regression models revealed that, pain anxiety had a significant independent link with hostile attitude (β = .176, p = .001) and fear of pain make independent contributions to predicting aggressive behaviour (β = .090, p = .006).ConclusionThe need for health professionals to assess hostility and aggression in fear of pain behaviors and apply relevant information to the therapeutic regimen was apparent.

P01-406 - Normal 0 14 general punitiveness and direction of hostility in chronic prostatitis patients

IntroductionChronic prostatitis has been long considered a psychosomatic illness. We have previously studied alexithymic and obsessive-compulsive features in chronic prostatitis patients.AimsTo evaluate introverted, extroverted and total hostility in patients with chronic prostatitis.MethodsPatients diagnosed with chronic prostatitis at a tertiary care ID clinic were evaluated with the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ), a questionnaire with 5 subscales designed to assess total hostility or punitiveness and direction of hostility. Patients were categorized according to the NIH Consensus Classification System for Prostatitis Category and the NIH Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI) was calculated.Results82 patients (median age 37.5 yrs old; IQR 30-45.5 yrs) were evaluated. According to the NIH Prostatitis Classification patients were categorized as type II: 45.1%, IIIa: 9.7%, IIIb: 39%, IV: 2.4%. Median CPSI score was 19.5 (IQR: 14.5-24.3). Median introverted, extroverted and total hostility scores were 3 (IQR: 2-6), 9 (IQR: 7-13) and 13 (IQR: 9-18) respectively. Results from the Extroverted Hostility HDHQ subscale correlated (r squared = −0.25, p = 0.024) with subscales of the TAS (Toronto Alexithymia Scale). These results were independent of CPSI scores.ConclusionsChronic prostatitis patients’ total hostility scores are similar to those of the general population reported by other studies. However, chronic prostatiitis patients show more outward directed hostility. The relationship between TAS subscale scores and measures of extroverted hostility needs further elucidation. Patients with chronic prostatitis are potentially at risk for psychiatric disturbances and thus may need psychiatric counseling and therapy.

FC13-02 - Karolinska interpersonal violence scale predicts suicide in suicide attempters

Both childhood trauma and violent behaviour are important risk factors for suicidal behaviour. The aim of the present study was to construct and to validate a clinical rating scale that could measure both the exposure to and the expression of violence in childhood and during adult life and to study the ability of the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale to predict ultimate suicide in suicide attempters.161 suicide attempters and 95 healthy volunteers were assessed with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS) measuring exposure to violence and expressed violent behaviour in childhood (between 6-14 years of age) and during adult life (15 years or older). The Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI), “Urge to act out hostility” subscale from the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ) and the “Early Experience Questionnaire” (EEQ) were used for validation. All patients were followed up for cause of death and a minimum of fours years from entering in the study.Patients who committed suicide had significantly higher scores in exposure to violence as a child, in expressed violent behaviour as an adult and in KIV total score compared to survivors. Suicide attempters scored significantly higher compared to healthy volunteers in three of the four KIV scales. There were significant correlations between the KIVS subscales, BDHI, Urge to act out hostility and EEQ.Exposure to violence in childhood and violent behaviour in adulthood are risk factors for suicide in suicide attempters. The KIVS is a valuable new tool in suicide risk assessment.