Direct Observation Techniques Research Articles

Measuring the dynamical length of galactic bars

Abstract We define a physically-motivated measure for galactic bar length, called the dynamical length. The dynamical length of the bar corresponds to the radial extent of the trapped orbits that are the backbone supporting the bar feature. We propose a direct observational technique well suited to integral field unit spectroscopy to measure it. Identifying these orbits and using the dynamical length is a more faithful tracer of the secular evolution and influence of the bar. We demonstrate the success of our observational technique for recovering the maximal bar-parenting orbit in a range of simulations, and to show its promise we perform its measurement on a real galaxy. We also study the difference between traditionally used ellipse fit approaches to determine bar length and the dynamical length proposed here in a wide range of bar-forming N-body simulations of a stellar disc and dark matter halo. We find that ellipse fitting may severely overestimate measurements of the bar length by a factor of 1.5-2.5 relative to the extent of the orbits that are trapped and actually comprise the bar. This bias leads to overestimates of both bar mass and the ratio of corotation radius to bar length, i.e. the bar speed, affecting inferences about the evolution of bars in the real universe.

Evaluation of the Practices of Anesthesiologists in the city of Kinshasa on the Management of Post-Operative Pain

Introduction: The management of Postoperative Pain represents a public health problem. Throughout the world, this subject is the subject of numerous studies which emphasize the need to treat pain and evaluate practices. However, despite the progress made in the understanding of pain mechanisms, analgesic techniques, and the multiple recommendations made by learned societies in many countries, Post-Operative Pain is insufficiently addressed. The objective of our work was to evaluate the practices of anesthesiologists in the field of postoperative pain management in two health institutions in the city province of Kinshasa which are the Saint Joseph Hospital of Limeté and the Ngaliema Clinic. Method: The population of our study consisted of 23 anesthesiologists, 14 of whom were the subject of our occasional sample. To collect the data, we used the survey method supported by the techniques of direct observation, interviews and documentary analysis. At the end of our survey, the data was processed using descriptive analysis by calculating percentages and the average. Results: Regarding socio-demographic characteristics, the majority of subjects surveyed were male at level A1 (graduate, equivalent of bacc+3) and with professional experience of 10 years or more. Concerning the management of Post-Operative Pain, 48.5% provided the actual management of Post-Operative Pain; 17.1% provided pre-anesthetic information. Overall, the management of postoperative pain was achieved at 32.8%. Conclusion: Referring to our acceptability threshold set at 80%, we can affirm that the management of Postoperative Pain is not provided satisfactorily by the anesthesiologists of the two hospital institutions selected for the study.

Peran Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Negara Dalam Kehidupan Mahasiswa

ABSTRACT
 Indonesia is one of the plural nations, Indonesia has a lot of diversity in each region, both cultural diversity, ethnicity, race, religion and language. Pancasila itself is a symbol of national unification that is used as a basis for organizing the administration of the state and regulating the entire order of life of its people. This article is made in line with the rapid development of technology and science which certainly affects the erosion of the main values of Pancasila as a guide in life. The understanding and application of the noble values of Pancasila ideology that tend to be lacking in the lives of students make them often behave contrary to legal regulations and norms that apply in Indonesia. The method in the study of this article is mixed methods. Data were collected through direct observation techniques, interviews and also obtained from literature studies on relevant sources. The goal to be achieved is to find out the extent to which the average student understands the ideology of Pancasila and how to maintain the ideology of Pancasila as a basis for behavior.

Development of Push-Up Board Aids as an Alternative to Bicep and Tricep Brachii Muscle Training in Karate Sports

In the sport of karate, there are punching movements that focus on the athlete's muscle strength. To get maximum punches, proper muscle training is needed, the muscles used for this punch movement are the biceps and triceps brachii. There is an innovative tool that can be used as an alternative training tool for karateka athletes, namely the push-up board tool which has been developed according to the needs of karate athletes. This research was carried out to find out the feasibility of the push-up board tool to help karate athletes train their biceps and triceps muscles, to find out the practicality of the push-up board tool in karate athletes' push-up training, to find out the effectiveness of the push-up board tool as an alternative push training up board. This research uses the Research and Development research and development method with the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation model. The data collection techniques used in this development research are direct observation and data analysis techniques using validity analysis techniques for the products produced and product trial analysis that has been produced in the development research. The results obtained in this research are an average feasibility of 80% based on tests by media experts, media practicality of 85.25%, and 85.5% effectiveness based on trials on respondents.

Financing and profitability of commercial enterprises in La Libertad, 2022

Financing is very important for the operation of commercial enterprises, its proper management through loans allows resources to be invested for the expansion of business; therefore, the resources obtained from different sources of financing must be managed properly with the intention to ensure a profitability of considered levels. The purpose of this article is to determine how financing affects the profitability of commercial enterprises in the canton of La Libertad, through the analysis of each of the indicators of the variables of study, therefore a descriptive research was used through the desegregation of variables, and situational analysis of the object of study, applying the techniques of interviews and direct observation, in addition correlational research was used to determine the critical factors associated with financing and profitability, through surveys of the companies that were part of the study. The results obtained show that the accounting that the companies are doing is empirical and not very technical, which has caused them to grow slowly compared to medium-sized companies of the same type, which through adequate financial management has favored their sustainable growth and decision making.

With You: Personal Sales Strategy Make Up Y.O.U

The aim of this research is to find out and explain the personal sales strategy carried out by Y.O.U Make Up Brand. This research uses a simple research design method with triangulation theory. Simple qualitative research can still be prepared without having to carry out long-winded discussions but can still be accounted for (Rofiah & Bungin, 2021). This research will be carried out by ANDA makeup distributor at Bravo Supermarket, Jombang Regency. To obtain data, researchers used the following techniques: 1. In-depth Interview Technique; 2. Direct Observation Technique; 3. Documentation Techniques. Source triangulation and theory triangulation are two types of triangulation used. The data analysis used is the Manual Data Analysis Procedure (MDAP) by (Rofiah, 2022). In this research, it was found that the personal sales strategy carried out by YOU Cosmetics was through the following activities: 1. Professionalism; 2. Trust, confidence, belief and knowledge; 3. Commitment, 4. Negotiation. It is hoped that the results of this research can deepen knowledge in the field of marketing and sales as well as provide one of the provisions and theories obtained during lectures to be applied in real life. As additional knowledge regarding Personal Selling Make Up Brand Y.O.U. and it is hoped that it can become a reference for cosmetic/skincare companies, especially those related to the Personal Selling Y.O.U Make Up brand in the future.

Stereoselective recognition of morphine enantiomers by μ-opioid receptor.

Stereospecific recognition of chiral molecules plays a crucial role in biological systems. The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) exhibits binding affinity towards (-)-morphine, a well-established gold standard in pain management, while it shows minimal binding affinity for the (+)-morphine enantiomer, resulting in a lack of analgesic activity. Understanding how MOR stereoselectively recognizes morphine enantiomers has remained a puzzle in neuroscience and pharmacology for over half-a-century due to the lack of direct observation techniques. To unravel this mystery, we constructed the binding and unbinding processes of morphine enantiomers with MOR via molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the thermodynamics and kinetics governing MOR's stereoselective recognition of morphine enantiomers. Our findings reveal that the binding of (-)-morphine stabilizes MOR in its activated state, exhibiting a deep energy well and a prolonged residence time. In contrast, (+)-morphine fails to sustain the activation state of MOR. Furthermore, the results suggest that specific residues, namely D1142.50 and D1473.32, are deprotonated in the active state of MOR bound to (-)-morphine. This work highlights that the selectivity in molecular recognition goes beyond binding affinities, extending into the realm of residence time.

Analisis Proses Pemerolehan Bahasa pada Anak Usia 5 Tahun

This research is about the process of knowing children's language acquisition at the age of 5 years. The aim of this research is to describe and analyze children's language acquisition either through interaction with parents or the surrounding environment. This research uses qualitative research methods because this research presents research results based on facts, namely by direct observation. The data obtained is the result of research using direct observation techniques with children and interviews with the children's parents. This research indicates that children have difficulty pronouncing Consonant letters such as R. Parents and the environment around children are important factors that influence children's language development. The interaction between children and their parents and their environment clearly has an influence on how children acquire language

The Importance of The Role of Parents in Introducing Speaking Skills for Two Year Old Children

This research is about the process of knowing children's language acquisition at the age of 5 years. The aim of this research is to describe and analyze children's language acquisition either through interaction with parents or the surrounding environment. This research uses qualitative research methods because this research presents research results based on facts, namely by direct observation. The data obtained is the result of research using direct observation techniques with children and interviews with the children's parents. This research indicates that children have difficulty pronouncing Consonant letters such as R. Parents and the environment around children are important factors that influence children's language development. The interaction between children and their parents and their environment clearly has an influence on how children acquire language

Diversity Of Insect Pests And Natural Enemies In Green Bean (Vigna Radiata) Plantations In Lakekun Village, Kobalima District, East Malaka

This research was conducted in Lakekun Village, Kobalima District, Malaka Regency from May to July 2023, aiming to determine the types of insect pests and natural enemies in mung beans. Data collection was carried out using direct observation techniques on mung bean plants and sampling using several traps. The types of traps used were pitfall trap, swepnet, yellow sticky trap, swing net and light trap. Sampling was done diagonally to determine the sample unit. The number of observation plots in the field is 3 observation plots. in 1 plot there are 5 sample units and a total of 3 observation plots there are 15 aub plots observed. Insect pests found on mung bean in the research location have three roles, namely as pests, predators and parasitoids. Species that act as pests consist of Artherigona exigua, Nezara viridula L, Aphis craccivora, Halyomopha halys, Riptortus linearis, Adoretus sp. and Gralliclava horrens. Insects that act as predators consist of Menochilus sexmaculatus, Coccinella transversalis, Orthhetrum sabina, Iscunara senegalensis. While insects that act as parasitoids are Tiphia femorata. The highest population found at the research site was Aphis craccivora which amounted to 315 individuals and the lowest population was Graliclava horrens with a total of 7 individuals. The value of the diversity index in mung bean plants is classified as moderate, namely 1.89.
 Keywords: diversity, insects, mung bean, identification.

The IDENTIFICATION OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN ASPECTS ON THE AGRICULTURAL LAND OF THE KAMPOENG CE'DE FARMERS' GROUP IN MAROS DISTRICT

Landscape design on agricultural land is an approach that is used to meet the needs of various types of activities in the agricultural sector, both users and commodities produced from agricultural land. This research aims to identify aspects of landscape design on the Kampoeng Ce'de agricultural land in Maros Regency, which will be used as a reference for formulating landscape concepts and designs. This research used descriptive qualitative research methods, data was collected by relying on direct observation techniques, interviewing the users, and utilizing relevant references. Then, the data was analyzed and synthesized to obtain the objectives of this research. The results of the research showed that there are three design aspects that need to be implemented to support activities on Kampoeng Ce'de agricultural land, which are Physical Aspects of the Architectural Landscape (materials, vegetation, circulation, accessibility, drainage systems and facilities), Agricultural System Aspects (horticulture cultivation techniques) and Supporting Technology Aspects (production of fish feed and agriculture fertilizer).

SPORT DEVELOPMENT INDEX ANALYSIS OF SILAT HILIR SUBDISTRICT, KAPUAS HULU DISTRICT

The purpose of the study. To empirically describe the Analysis of the Sport Development Index in Silat Hilir Subdistrict, Kapuas Hulu Regency.Materials and methods. The method used by the researcher is a quantitative descriptive method. The research type employed is a survey. Data collection techniques utilized in this research include direct observation, interviews, and measurement techniques. The population in this study consists of the entire population in Silat Hilir Subdistrict, Kapuas Hulu Regency, including 2 villages, namely Desa Baru and Desa Perigi, with individuals aged above 7 years, totaling 3453 people in Silat Hilir Subdistrict. Data analysis employs a quantitative approach using the Sport Development Index (SDI) analysis from the dimensions of participation and physical fitness. The sample size in this research is 30 individuals, selected from Baru Village and Perigi Village, with the criteria of 10 children (5 boys and 5 girls), 10 teenagers (5 boys and 5 girls), and 10 adults (5 men and 5 women). The age categories are 7-14 years for children, 15-24 years for teenagers, and 25-50 years for adults. The sampling technique used is stratified random sampling.Results. The research results indicate that the level of community participation in sports activities in Silat Hilir Subdistrict, Kapuas Hulu District, particularly in Perigi Village and Baru Village, as assessed by the Sport Development Index, is 0.0512188, categorizing it as "Moderate." The level of physical fitness of the community in Perigi Village and Baru Village, Silat Hilir Subdistrict, Kapuas Hulu District, as evaluated by the Sports Development Index, is 0.907, falling into the "High" category.Conclusions. It can be concluded that sports activities have an impact on the physica

Etnomatematika Pada Penentuan Hari Baik dalam Tradisi Membangun Rumah Jawa

Ethnomathematics is an intersection between culture and mathematics. The tradition of building a Javanese house has mathematical and cultural values that are very deep, such as determining good days and cultural procedures so that it becomes an interesting thing to study further. The purpose of this study is to determine the form of ethnomathematics in determining good days in the tradition of building a Javanese house and to find out the process of implementing the construction of a Javanese house. This research is an effort to present one form of local wisdom of the Javanese community which has a philosophical meaning behind Javanese ethnomathematics (petungan) carried out in the tradition of building a house. The form of this research is descriptive qualitative using an ethnographic approach. The research location is in Purworejo Regency, Central Java province. Data collection using direct observation techniques and direct interviews with research sources who know and understand more deeply about the tradition of building a Javanese house. The results showed that the form of ethnomathematics in the tradition of building Javanese houses is in the form of counting, measuring, and predicting activities. Then philosophically, the cultural value that emerges is that the tradition of building a house is an attempt to unite (Jw: nyawijikake) between the house and the person who built the house. That is, the house is considered to have a soul like a human being so that when it can be in harmony with the house, the occupants of the house will always feel peaceful and comfortable.

Japanese Cave Site as a Historical Tourism Object in Aeramo Village, Aesesa District, Nagekeo Regency

This study aims to find out the history of the Japanese cave site in Aeramo village, also to find out its current condition and efforts to maintenance and utilize the Japanese cave site as a historical tourist attraction. The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The research was carried out at the Japanese cave site in Aeramo village, Aesesa district, Nagekeo Regency. Data was collected using direct observation techniques, unstructured interviews and documentation. Based on study results, it is known that the Japanese cave site in Aeramo village, which is located on Oki Sato hill and Oki Rane hill, was created during the Japanese occupation, which arrived in Mbay in 1942. Japanese cave sites are the result of forced labor (romusha) carried out by Japanese soldiers toward local communities. The current condition of Oki Sato Japanese cave seems poorly maintained like most abandoned buildings. While the Oki Rane Japanese cave is in fairly good condition. Maintenance efforts that have been carried out include building a wall to support the mouth of the cave, building a fence around the cave location, and planting trees (reforestation) around the hill.

Dynamic occupancy modeling of a cryptic ground-dwelling pheasant species in the Upper Blue Nile Basin in Ethiopia

Modeling the occupancy of species in the context of habitat components is a crucial step to deliver an appropriate conservation strategy. Accounting for imperfect detection in occupancy models helps to conclude on true species distribution and occupancy. We used dynamic occupancy modeling to investigate the influence of habitat covariates on occupancy dynamics of the Near Threatened Harwood’s Francolin (Pternistis harwoodi) in the Upper Blue Nile Basin in Ethiopia. We used direct observation and playback technique to collect presence/absence data both during a wet and a dry season in 2019 and 2020. By accounting for species’ imperfect detection, the model averaged estimates of occupancy probabilities (mean ± SE) across respective seasons were 0.81 ± 0.08 and 0.79 ± 0.07 and detection probabilities were 0.47 ± 0.08 and 0.62 ± 0.06. The colonization and local extinction probability estimates between seasons were 0.59 ± 0.20 and 0.12 ± 0.07, respectively. We demonstrate that occupancy probability significantly decreased with increasing both Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI: ꞵmean ± SE = −1.83 ± 0.66; 95% CI: −3.12, −0.54) and quadratic term of slope (SL2 = −1.51 ± 0.62; 95% CI: −2.73, −0.29) in the study area. Furthermore, human disturbance index (HDI: = −1.06 ± 0.54; 95% CI: −2.12, −0.004) significantly negatively influenced the occupancy of the species. As we hypothesized, the detection probability increased significantly as a function of average temperature (0.37 ± 0.13; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.63). There were no statistically significant associations among covariates and the dynamic parameters, yet important covariates such as NDVI slightly negatively influenced colonization, whereas HDI positively influenced local extinction. The aversion of the species towards human disturbance and its persistence at lower NDVI and lower slopes has important implications for conservation strategy in the area. The current study demonstrates empirical evidence of dynamic occupancy modeling for a cryptic ground-dwelling pheasant species in the Upper Blue Nile Basin. Further study is recommended to understand spatiotemporal species-habitat association at fine and landscape scales.

Pemanfaatan Media Manipulatif dalam Pembelajaran Matematika untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas VI

This study is a classroom action research that looks at whether manipulating media can improve motivation and learning results. Its goal is to describe how manipulative media are used in math learning. using descriptive methods carried out in four stages with direct observation techniques, questionnaire questionnaires and measurements using observation sheets, questionnaire sheets, and written tests in the form of fill-in-the-blank questions. Based on the analysis of the teacher's ability to design manipulative media, an average cycle of 1 meeting 1=3.33, meeting 2=3.44, cycle 2 meeting 1=3.67, meeting 2=3.89. The power of teachers to help students learn came from average cycle 1 meeting 1 = 3.30, meeting 2 = 3.48, cycle 2 meeting 1 = 3.65, meeting 2 = 3.87. Learning motivation was obtained on average pre-cycle = 71.15 / 56.92%, after cycle 1 = 85.12 / 68.10%, after cycle 2 = 101.94 / 81.60%. Learning outcomes were obtained on average cycle 1 meeting 1=71.52, meeting 2=78.64, cycle 2 meeting 1=85.00, meeting 2=91.52. Based on these facts, we can say that manipulative media can make students more interested in learning and help them learn more.

High-speed observation of bubble and droplet dynamics under irradiation of 1-MHz ultrasound

Simulation techniques have resulted in significant progress in elucidating phenomena that are too fast and small for direct observation; however, there has also been considerable progress in the legacy techniques of direct observation. We have been studying applications of microbubbles for ultrasonically enhanced drug delivery, and in this presentation, we will introduce our results of high-speed observations carried out to elucidate the roles of microbubbles injected into the capillaries of living tissues. Micron-sized bubbles stabilized by a lipid shell were introduced into a limen of 10 microns in diameter created in acrylamide gel, and their dynamics under the conditions of exposure to 1-MHz short-pulsed ultrasound was observed using a high-speed video camera (HPV-X2, Shimadzu, Japan) equipped in a microscope (ECLIPSE Ti, Nikon, Japan) with an objective lens (Plan APO IR 40x, Nikon, Japan). The camera captured 256 frames at a framing rate up to 10 Mfps to visualize bubble dynamics inside a narrow capillary that will lead to ultrasound-enhanced extravasation. Oscillation of a water droplet of a few millimeters in size in air, which is the opposite situation of bubble oscillation in water, will also be discussed in this presentation.

ANALISIS KEEFEKTIFAN MEDIA MONOPOLI BAHASA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN KOSAKATA BAHASA INGGRIS KELAS 4 SEKOLAH DASAR

The problem of students' difficulties in mastering vocabulary must be addressed immediately. This is because gaining a solid understanding of proper vocabulary is very important for learning English. To achieve fun and effective learning, teachers must innovate and adapt by utilizing educational media. If the media used by a teacher is not effective, it can hinder students' ability to understand the material and result in learning failure. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of using language monopoly media in teaching English to introduce rooms and objects in a house. Researchers used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods, using direct observation techniques and interviews with 25 students and class teachers. Data analysis in this study consisted of data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that there was an increase in student achievement scores in learning English for the introduction of rooms and objects in the house. Furthermore, the observed differences in students' vocabulary proficiency and comprehension before and after exposure to language monopoly media. The conclusive task revealed that students achieved a significant increase in their scores, indicating that the use of monopoly language media was effective in increasing their mastery of the English lexicon.

Pemberhentian Tidak Hormat Aparatus Sipil Negara Dalam Kasus Tindak Pidana Korupsi

To Analyze the Regulation of Fish Theft and FAD Settlement According to the Provisions of Indonesian Legislation. To Analyze the Criminological Review of the Enforcement of Theft and Damage to FADs.In this study the author, using Empirical research methods. The data sources used in this research are primary and secondary data. The author uses direct observation and interview data collection techniques. In this research, the author analyzes the data using quantitative methods, namely analyzing the data and providing relevant explanations, the problem is discussed further research and analysis is carried out and makes it a conclusion. The problem in Gentuma Subdistrict is that some fishing boats have more FADs than the regulations stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2021 so that when there is a problem of fish theft, it cannot be processed because the procedure for releasing fishermen's FADs has violated the rules. Facts have shown that fisheries crime has become a very threatening act to Indonesia's natural resources because it has a detrimental impact on society and the state. This is a threat to the survival of the community and the state because it can damage the environmental ecosystem and also damage the existence of living things in the sea.

Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Melalui Pembelajaran Tematik pada Peserta Didik Kelas I SDN Serangsari

The problem of this research is an attempt to increase students' learning activities through thematic learning in Class I of Serangsari State Elementary School. This research method is a descriptive method, the form of the research is classroom action research and is collaborative in nature, the research subjects are teachers and first grade students at Serangsari State Elementary School, totaling 24 people. This study used direct observation techniques, documentation techniques and observation sheets as data collection tools. The results of research based on observation through thematic learning can increase student learning activities. This shows that the hypothesis which states the implementation of thematic learning in grade 1 of Serangsari State Elementary School can increase students' learning activities.
 Keywords: Learning Activity, Thematic approach