Direct Laminate Research Articles

An investigation of Polyether Imide (PEI) toughening of carbon fibre-reinforced Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) laminates

Current thermoset composite material systems have relatively low interlaminar fracture toughness, leaving them vulnerable to impact damage. While thermoplastic based systems are considered to be tougher, toughness levels can be dependent on processing parameters. In this study, Polyether imide (PEI) film layers were added to carbon fibre-reinforced Polyether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) laminate layups prior to consolidation to enhance the interlaminar toughness at key ply interfaces. It was found that the addition of the PEI film improves the Mode I and Mode II interlaminar toughness of the laminate. Low-velocity impact tests were performed on the PEI toughened CF/PEEK laminates, as well as a baseline CF/PEEK laminate and a CF/PEEK laminate with PEEK film inserts, for direct laminate thickness comparison. For low energy impacts (10 J), associated with tool drop events, it was found that the PEI toughened panel performed best. However, the performance difference decreased as the impact energy increased. Ultrasonic scans indicated that PEI toughened CF/PEEK laminates exhibited a smaller damage footprint. Compression after impact (CAI) and Combined Loading Compression (CLC) tests revealed that although the PEI inserts reduce the laminate undamaged compressive strength, they exhibited higher relative residual strengths compared to the other laminates tested.

Direct composite veneers -restoring esthetics by procuring patient demand: a case report

Re-establishing a patient’s lost dental esthetic appearance is one of the most important topics for contemporary dentistry. New treatment materials and methods have been coming on the scene, day by day, in order to achieve such an aim. Most dentists prefer more conservative and aesthetic approaches, such as direct and indirect laminate veneer restorations, instead of full-ceramic crowns for anteriors where aesthetics is really important. Laminate veneers are restorations which are envisioned to correct existing abnormalities, esthetic deficiencies and discolorations. Laminate veneer restorations may be processed in two different ways: direct or indirect. Direct laminate veneers have no need to be prepared in the laboratory and are based on the principle of application of a composite material directly to the prepared tooth surface in the dental clinic. Indirect laminate veneers may be produced from composite materials or ceramics, which are cemented to the tooth with an adhesive resin. In this case report, direct composite laminate veneer technique used for patients with esthetic problems is described and six-month follow-up are discussed. As a conclusion, direct laminate veneer restorations may be a treatment option for patients with the esthetic problems of anterior teeth in case similar to those reported here.

Providing Aesthetic by Direct Laminate Veneer Restorations of Three Patients with Enamel Defects at Anterior Region

One of the most important aspects of modern dentistry is the restoration of the lost dental aesthetic of the patient Over the years new treatment materials and methods for this purpose have emerged Dentists generally prefer more conservative approaches such as laminate veneers instead of full ceramic crowns in anterior restorations where aesthetic is important Laminate veneers applied by two different methods direct and indirect are used to correct existing abnormalities colorations and aesthetic defects Direct composite laminate veneers based on the direct application of the composite resin in the clinic which do not require a laboratory stage are preferred due to their convenient cost and single seance finish

WITHDRAWN: Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains.

BACKGROUND: Patients with discoloured teeth frequently present to the dentist requesting restorations designed to improve their appearance. For teeth that are sound, this might include the use of a veneer restoration. The veneer acts as a thin layer of a material covering the labial surface of a tooth and can be applied directly to the tooth, or by using indirect methods. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effectiveness of direct versus indirect laminate veneer restorations. SEARCH STRATEGY: The following electronic databases were searched: The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2002), MEDLINE (1980 to 19/11/2002) and EMBASE (1980 to 19/11/2002). There was no restriction on language. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of participants with permanent anterior teeth suitable for restorations using laminate veneers, comparing direct (different composite materials) and indirect techniques for making dental veneers. The indirect restorations may be either composite or porcelain. The primary outcome was restoration failure. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Assessment of relevance and validity and data extraction were conducted in triplicate. Authors of the primary studies were contacted to provide additional information as necessary. MAIN RESULTS: Six full publications were screened as being potentially relevant to the review, only one trial was found to meet the review's inclusion criteria. Although the trial met the review's inclusion criteria with regard to participant characteristics, interventions and outcomes assessed, problems with the reporting of the data prevented any statistical analysis of the results. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is no reliable evidence to show a benefit of one type of veneer restoration (direct or indirect) over the other with regard to the longevity of the restoration.

Direct Conservative Esthetic Restoration - A Case Report

Rehabilitation of lost dental aesthetic is one of the most important concerns for contemporary dentistry. Conservative treatment modality along with aesthetic approaches, such as direct and indirect laminate veneer restorations were the treatment of choice. Laminate veneers are restorations to correct aesthetic deficiencies and discolorations. Direct laminate veneers involve the application of a composite material directly to the prepared tooth surface. This case report discusses the composite mirroring using direct composite laminate veneer technique application to the re-established the aesthetic problems related to discolorations in anterior region.

The Effect of Dental Adhesive on Final Color Match of Direct Laminate Veneer (DLV): In Vitro Study.

To evaluate the influence of dental adhesive on the color match of direct laminate veneer. Specimens were prepared in the form of discs. B1 nano-filled composite Filtek Z-350 XT (3M-ESPE) and single-bond universal adhesive were used. Twenty discs of each test group with a diameter of 10 ± 0.1 mm and thickness of 0.7 ± 0.1 mm were prepared. The specimens were divided into three groups: control group that has composite material only (C), a group that has adhesive with composite material (AC), and a group that has adhesive with composite and re-bonding technique (ACR). The samples were placed in viewing port for color measurement. Spectrophotometer was used in this study. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for the CIE L*, a*, and b* values. Statistical software IBM SPSS 16.0 was used for analyzing the data, with a significance level of 0.05 (p < 0.05). In this study, both groups where bonding agent was applied had significant change in color of the samples (p < 0.05). AC and ACR showed a change along the "a" coordinate and the "b" coordinate with using adhesive and re-bonding technique. There were significant differences when comparing the values of a* and b* of the control group C with AC group and ACR on using adhesive and re-bonding technique. ACR specimens presented the lowest "L" value. Within the limitations of this study, despite the fact that the change of color is not extensive, the dental adhesive changes the color of direct composite restoration in a way that may warrant caution. Additional studies are essential to substantiate the findings of this study. Dental adhesive play an important role in changing the color of direct composite restoration.

Direct composite laminate veneers: three case reports.

Re-establishing a patient’s lost dental esthetic appearance is one of the most important topics for contemporary dentistry. New treatment materials and methods have been coming on the scene, day by day, in order to achieve such an aim. Most dentists prefer more conservative and aesthetic approaches, such as direct and indirect laminate veneer restorations, instead of full-ceramic crowns for anteriors where aesthetics is really important. Laminate veneers are restorations which are envisioned to correct existing abnormalities, esthetic deficiencies and discolo-rations. Laminate veneer restorations may be processed in two different ways: direct or indirect. Direct laminate veneers have no need to be prepared in the laboratory and are based on the principle of application of a composite material directly to the prepared tooth surface in the dental clinic. Indirect laminate veneers may be produced from composite materials or ceramics, which are cemented to the tooth with an adhesive resin. In this case report, direct composite laminate veneer technique used for three patients with esthetic problems related to fractures, discolorations and an old prolapsed restoration, is described and six-month follow-ups are discussed. As a conclusion, direct laminate veneer restorations may be a treatment option for patients with the esthetic problems of anterior teeth in cases similar to those reported here.

A Composite Laminate Veneer Technique for Diastema Closure: A Report of Ten Cases

Aim: Diastemas can be treated using periodontal, surgical, orthodontic, or prosthetic procedures. Composite laminate veneers can be applied to reduce or eliminate diastemas and represent a good aesthetic non-invasive alternative for these patients. This study presents the treatment results of 10 patients with diastemas between the anterior teeth of the maxilla and mandible with composite veneers.&#x0D; Methodology: Ten patients with diastemas between the anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth complaining of esthetic problems were treated at the Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Dicle. The periodontal health of the patients was acceptable and no caries were detected. Patients were informed of the treatment choices and composite resin veneers were selected as the better approach for each case. The presence of a diastema causes esthetic problems, especially in adolescents. Prosthetic and conservative methods are usually used to treat diastemas because these approaches are minimally invasive. The direct laminate technique has the advantages of low cost, treatment reversibility, and easy repair of the restoration intraorally. The direct composite laminate technique has become more effective because of improvements in adhesive dentistry.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study describes a direct composite laminate technique for the restoration of the anterior teeth of 10 patients with diastemas. These restorations were conservative and provide an inexpensive, one-visit aesthetic treatment for anterior teeth. &#x0D; How to cite this article: Bahşi E, Callea M, İnce B, Montanari M, Dallı M, Batteli F, Akdoğan M, Gabriella C, Toptancı İR, Gabriela P, Yavuz İ. A Composite Laminate Veneer Technique for Diastema Closure: A Report of Ten Cases. Int Dent Res 2012;2:67-74.&#x0D; Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Randomized controlled split-mouth clinical trial of direct laminate veneers with two micro-hybrid resin composites

ObjectivesThis randomized, split-mouth clinical study evaluated the survival rate of direct laminate veneers made of two resin-composite materials. MethodsA total of 23 patients (mean age: 52.4 years old) received 96 direct composite laminate veneers using two micro-hybrid composites in combination with two adhesive resins (Ena-Bond-Enamel HFO: n=48, Clearfil SE Bond-Miris2: n=48). Enamel was selectively etched with 38% H3PO4 for 30s, rinsed 30s and the corresponding adhesive resin was applied accordingly. Existing resin composite restorations in good conditions (small or big) were not removed but conditioned using silica coating (CoJet) and silanized (ESPE-Sil). Restorations were evaluated at baseline and thereafter every 6 months. Additional qualitative analysis was performed using modified USPHS criteria. ResultsMean observation period was 41.3 months. Altogether, 12 absolute failures were observed [survival rate: 87.5%] (Kaplan–Meier). The survival rates with the two resin composites did not show significant differences [Enamel HFO: 81.2%, Miris2: 93.8%] (p>0.05). The presence of existing composite restorations on the prepared teeth did not affect the survival rate significantly (intact teeth: 100%, small restorations: 90.6%, big restorations: 82.7%) (p>0.05). Surface roughness and marginal discolouration were the main qualitative deteriorations observed until the final recall. Secondary caries and endodontic complications did not occur in any of the teeth. ConclusionEarly findings of this clinical study with the two micro-hybrid composite laminate veneers showed similar survival rate and their clinical performance was not significantly influenced when bonded onto intact teeth or onto teeth with existing restorations with the protocol applied.

Direct Laminate Veneers with Resin Composites: Two Case Reports with Five-Year Follow-ups

The aim of this report is to present five-year follow-ups of two different applications for the use of direct laminate resin-based composite veneers to improve esthetics. Defects in the maxillary anterior teeth, such as enamel hypoplasia and peg lateral, can present esthetic challenges. Furthermore, a treatment plan that can be completed in a single appointment is highly desirable. This case report presents two different clinical cases involving the use of direct laminate resin-based composite veneers with five-year follow-ups. Case 1: A 17-year-old female patient was referred for treatment of her anterior teeth, which were unesthetically altered due to enamel hypoplasia and dental caries. A treatment plan was developed that included restoring the affected teeth with direct resin-based composite laminate veneers to improve the patient's appearance. The six maxillary anterior teeth were prepared for and restored with direct resin-based composite laminate veneers. At the five-year follow-up, the patient was satisfied with the restorations both esthetically and functionally. Case 2: A 15-year-old female patient also was referred for treatment to improve the appearance of her maxillary anterior teeth. A treatment plan was developed with two objectives: (1) to restore the undersized supernumerary crown in the area of the maxillary right lateral incisor and (2) to close the anterior diastemas. The facial surfaces were conservatively prepared and resin-based composite was applied with the aid of transparent crown forms. After completion of the treatment, the patient was recalled at six-month intervals. At the five-year follow-up appointment, the restorations were intact, no adverse effects were noted, and the resultant appearance was highly satisfactory for the patient. The use of direct resin-based composite laminate veneers and adhesive bonding systems has been shown to provide an esthetic alternative to metal-ceramic or all-ceramic crowns for the rehabilitation of anterior teeth. This treatment option offers another advantage, namely a lower cost compared to an indirect technique. Other more complex and costly treatment options in the future are not ruled out. In the present two cases, the initial and five-year follow-up results support the use of direct resin-based composite laminate veneers with minimal altering of healthy tooth structure. Such results should encourage clinicians to seek a cost-effective technique such as direct resin restorations to improve a patient's esthetic appearance in a single appointment.

Direct Restorative Treatment of Missing Maxillary Laterals with Composite Laminate Veneer: A Case Report

This clinical report describes a direct composite laminate veneer restoration of the maxillary anterior teeth in one chair time to produce a better esthetic appearance in a patient with diastemata and missing laterals.

Esthetic rehabilitation of avulsed–replanted anterior teeth: a case report

Avulsion is a complex injury affecting the pulp, periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone. Avulsed permanent teeth can survive following replantation. However, post-traumatic external root resorption eventually resulting in loss of the traumatized tooth is a frequent finding. After replantation of the avulsed teeth, esthetic requirements can be needed. Treatment options include porcelain laminate veneers, metal-ceramic restorations and all-ceramic crowns as well as minimally invasive procedures such as direct resin composite bonding. This article describes the restoration of avulsed and replanted teeth with direct resin composite laminate veneers. Because of the fact that lost fragments were recovered with the loss of anterior esthetic, and bearing in mind the patient's psychologically affected, we considered direct resin composite laminate veneer restoration of the avulsed and replanted teeth as the best therapeutic option. The patient was satisfied with the final result.

Fracture strength of direct versus indirect laminates with and without fiber application at the cementation interface

Objectives This study compared the fracture strength of direct and indirect resin composite laminate veneers and evaluated the effect of a bidirectional E-glass woven fiber application at different locations at the cementation interface. Methods Standard preparations on canines ( N = 50, 10 per group) were made using a depth cutting bur (0.7 mm depth) designed for laminate veneer restorations. Forty indirect laminates using a highly filled polymeric material (Estenia) and 10 direct laminates (Quadrant Anterior Shine) were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. Bidirectional E-glass woven-fiber sheet (0.06 mm) (Everstick) was applied at different locations at the cementation interface. The control group received no fibers. The specimens were stored in water at 37 °C for 1 month prior to fracture testing performed in a universal testing machine where the load was applied from the incisal direction at 137° (1 mm/min). Results No significant differences were found between the five groups ( P > 0.01) (one-way ANOVA). While indirect laminate veneers showed mean fracture strength of 247 ± 47 N, direct laminate veneers revealed 239 ± 104 N. The use of E-glass fibers at the cementation interface at different locations did not increase the fracture strength significantly (286–313 N) ( P > 0.01). Failure analysis showed mainly cohesive fracture of the veneer restoration (20/50) and adhesive failure between the cementation interface and the laminate with fiber exposure (19/50) covering more than half of the restorations. Significance Direct and indirect resin composite laminate veneers showed comparable mean fracture strengths. The use of E-glass woven-fiber sheet at the cementation interface did not increase the fracture strength of the polymeric laminate veneers.

Application of Direct Laminate Veneer for Enamel Protection during Orthodontic Treatment: An In Vivo Evaluation

The aims of this study were to examine the enamel protective effect of a direct laminate veneer against acidic conditions, measure the amount of fluoride released from the veneer and which was taken up by the enamel, as well as evaluate the usefulness of the veneer for orthodontic treatment. First, a veneer was applied to rabbit incisors. Then, apart from using profile measurement microscope and electron probe microanalyzer to measure the roughness and fluoride concentration in the enamel of veneer-covered tooth surface, those of the uncovered adjacent tooth surface were measured too. It was found that the veneer protected the enamel surface from acidic conditions. Furthermore, fluoride ions were taken up by both the uncovered adjacent enamel area as well as by the covered area. These findings suggested that covering the enamel surface with a direct laminate veneer before bracket bonding might be a valuable means of tooth protection and caries prevention.

Effects of fiber/matrix adhesion on off-axis mechanical response in carbon-fiber/epoxyresin composites

Various transverse and shear tests were performed on flat laminates and hoop filament-wound tubular specimens produced from carbon-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin in order to clarify the effects of fiber/matrix bond quality. The latter was set by using carbon fibers with different surface treatments. The mechanical response of the composites was improved by enhanced fiber/matrix adhesion; this resulted in a change in the failure mode from adhesive-type interfacial failure towards a cohesive-like matrix failure as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. It is suggested that only torsion and transverse tensile testing of tube specimens yield reliable strength values. It is also suggested that in transverse Iosipescu, direct laminate shear and transverse tensile testing failure initiation occurs in local mode I (crack opening type), whereas crack propagation and thus final failure take place in mode II (shear) deformation. The short beam shear technique can be regarded as an easy-to-perform and highly sensitive measure for advanced carbon-fiber-reinforced/epoxyresin composites with various interfacial modifications. For the combined tension and torsion tests on tubes it was found primarily that interfacial variations are clearer the higher the transverse tensile load component is. Results on microcomposites indicated that the microdroplet pull-off test is the most sensitive technique in resolving interfacial effects.