Direct Inspection Method Research Articles

On-Machine Detection of Sub-Microscale Defects in Diamond Tool Grinding during the Manufacturing Process Based on DToolnet.

Nowadays, tool condition monitoring (TCM), which can prevent the waste of resources and improve efficiency in the process of machining parts, has developed many mature methods. However, TCM during the production of cutting tools is less studied and has different properties. The scale of the defects in the tool production process is tiny, generally between 10 μm and 100 μm for diamond tools. There are also very few samples with defects produced by the diamond tool grinding process, with only about 600 pictures. Among the many TCM methods, the direct inspection method using machine vision has the advantage of obtaining diamond tool information on-machine at a low cost and with high efficiency, and the method is accurate enough to meet the requirements of this task. Considering the specific, above problems, to analyze the images acquired by the vision system, a neural network model that is suitable for defect detection in diamond tool grinding is proposed, which is named DToolnet. DToolnet is developed by extracting and learning from the small-sample diamond tool features to intuitively and quickly detect defects in their production. The improvement of the feature extraction network, the optimization of the target recognition network, and the adjustment of the parameters during the network training process are performed in DToolnet. The imaging system and related mechanical structures for TCM are also constructed. A series of validation experiments is carried out and the experiment results show that DToolnet can achieve an 89.3 average precision (AP) for the detection of diamond tool defects, which significantly outperforms other classical network models. Lastly, the DToolnet parameters are optimized, improving the accuracy by 4.7%. This research work offers a very feasible and valuable way to achieve TCM in the manufacturing process.

특정토양오염관리대상시설의 최적 관리방안에 관한 연구

This study was to investigate the unsuitable rate of the storage facilities, the changes in corrosion process over time after installation according to the status, the time to install the facilities, years elapsed after facilities installation, inspection of methods and motivation, and so on, based on the results of the inspection at the petroleum storage facilities conducted by domestic soil-relate specialized agency to derive optimal management plans which meet the status of soil contamination facilities. The results showed that the facilities more than 5 years after the initial leak test at the time of the installation need to be inspected periodically by considering costs of leak test and remediation of polluted soil. The inspection period can be decided by cost and leak test methods showing discrepancies for the results obtained from individual test whether it was direct or indirect. To compensate these matters, we suggested that the direct inspection method on regular schedule is recommended. On the other hand, the inspection can be voluntarily completed to ease burden of the results by inspection or equivalent level to this inspection method. Also, it may need improved construction supervision and performance test system to minimize the occurrence of the nature defects in installing the facilities as well as the upgrade program for the facilities during intervals of inspection period.

Morphological Variation of the Carotid Sinus Location

Background: Carotid sinus massage is widely used to detect carotid sinus hypersensitivity in patients presenting with syncope. Recent guidelines recommend 5 to 10 seconds of carotid sinus massage in supine and upright positions with beat-to-beat monitoring, but somebody did not respond to the procedure. Method and result: The aim of this study was to describe the common Carotid Artery Bifurcation (CB). Measurements were performed on 100 cadavers by the direct inspection method. The vertebra level of CB was differently distributed in distance of the whole neck measured along the vertebral column between upper borders of C1-C2 to lower border of C5. 54% of the level of CB was asymmetrical between the right and left side. Conclusion: We showed the anatomical variation of carotid sinus location. Anatomical locations of the carotid sinus bifurcation indicated wide variability. This variation was found to have an impact on the pressure transmission at the carotid sinus region in those individuals that displayed the superior/inferior range of carotid sinus loci.

Topography of carotid bifurcation: considerations for neck examination

Clinical examination and surgical procedures require the knowledge of anatomical structures of such a complex area as neck, especially the developmental anomalies in vascular drainage may occur. The aim of this study was to describe the common carotid artery bifurcation to its surrounding structures to locate it properly by using external and internal landmarks. Measurements were performed on 43 Thai cadavers by the direct inspection method. Carotid bifurcation level was compared to the level of cervical vertebra, isthmus of thyroid cartilage, angle of mandible and origins of superior thyroid artery, and lingual artery. Most of carotid bifurcations were found at the level of C3, between C3 and C4, and C4 vertebra, as well as the tendency to lower position in men was noted. Measurements to the angle of mandible on the left sides were significantly different in studied groups (P = 0.02), also with lower position of bifurcation in men. The mean level of carotid bifurcation was approximately 6 mm above ITC, which literally is at the level of the superior border of thyroid cartilage. Moreover, in four cases, common carotid artery did not bifurcate bilaterally, and in four cases, no bifurcations were found at the right side of neck. Further, many superior thyroid arteries originated from common carotid artery. To sum up, during the clinical procedures, the level of thyroid cartilage is mostly advised to follow to locate the carotid sinus. Further, the described variations in topography of carotid bifurcation and arteries origins may have important clinical implications.

Dental root dentine translucency used in age determination of medieval Norwegians from Trondheim

AbstractA pilot study on eight skulls from the churchyard of St Olav's church in Trondheim, excavated in 1988–1989, was carried out to compare age determined by root dentine translucency with the age assessed by a physical anthropologist. The difference in mean age between the two methods was not significant (p = 0.06).Age determinations based on root dentine translucency were then performed on removable teeth from the adults among the 248 skeletons found in the same churchyard, excavated in 1984–1985. A comparison between the ages determined using root dentine translucency and the ages previously determined by the direct inspection method was performed. A significant systematic difference was seen between the two methods (p = 0.000). The root dentine translucency method gave an age range for the cohort excavated in 1984–1985 between 30 and 72 years, whereas the direct inspection method gave a range between 15 and 63 years. Because evaluation of many criteria are required to achieve reasonably accurate estimates of age in connection with the direct inspection method, expertise in skeletal biology is necessary.The method of measuring root dentine translucency as a tool in archaeological and anthropological work and fieldwork and in forensic science seems to have advantages because the method can be used without previous extensive training.

Non-tensorial arrays for physical properties and the direct-inspection method

It is shown that the invariance relations between the elements of a non-tensorial array for a physical property are identical to the invariance relations between the corresponding tensorial components when one is only dealing with symmetry elements of order 1, 2 or 4 and with the trigonal axis 3[111] of the cubic groups.

Tensor properties and rotational symmetry of crystals. II. Groups with 1-, 2- and 4-fold principal symmetry and trigonal and hexagonal groups different from group 3

The first part of the paper emphasizes that the problem of the effect of the rotational symmetry of crystals on their tensor properties is completely solved for the groups of 1-, 2- and 4-fold principal symmetry since simple general formulas can be given which provide the schemes of a (polar or axial) general tensor of any rank in these groups, thus yielding a closed-form solution. These formulas are derived both by the new method of vector representatives [introduced in paper I: Fumi & Ripamonti (1980). Acta Cryst. A36, 535-551] and by the direct-inspection method. In the second part, it is emphasized that simple general rules can be given to obtain the schemes of a (general or particular, polar or axial) tensor of any rank in the trigonal and hexagonal groups other than group 3 from the corresponding scheme in group 3(3z). These rules are given directly by the formulas obtained in the first part for the groups (or generators) of order 2. These compact formulas and rules are applied to two specific tensor properties discussed in recent literature, pointing out errors in some of the reported schemes. Brief discussions are finally given of various techniques to obtain the tensor schemes in the cylindrical and spherical groups, in particular of the new methods introduced in paper I.

An investigation into techniques of screening lucerne seed forPhoma medicaginisMalbr. et. Roum.

Abstract Several aspects of screening lucerne seed for Phoma medicaginis Malbr. et. Roum. (the causal organism of spring blackstem disease) were investigated. The direct inspection method of screening was unacceptable, as the criteria used to identify infected seeds were unreliable. The accuracy of the blotter test was improved by regulation of blotter moisture. With the agar plate test, a malt agar-penicillin-streptomycin medium gave more consistent results than either unmodified malt agar or potato dextrose agar. Chemical treatment of seed before incubation reduced recorded infection percentage.

The direct-inspection method in systems with a principal axis of symmetry

The direct-inspection method in systems with a principal axis of symmetry

Physical properties of crystals: the direct-inspection method

Physical properties of crystals: the direct-inspection method