Forms Of Direct Participation Research Articles

PENINGKARAN KARAKTER DENGAN ORGANISASI LUAR SEKOLAH

Abstract
 The Ngreco branch of the IPNU-IPPNU organization plays a crucial role in shaping individual character through a series of activities held by its management, including khataman, carnival and management meetings. Active support from the surrounding community, both in the form of direct participation and provision of facilities, is an important factor in the success of organizational activities. Continuous interaction between organizational members and the community is a strategy to maintain this support. When facing obstacles, the management and members of the organization carry out deliberations and evaluations to improve the implementation of activities in the future. Organization members, as resource persons, demonstrated the positive impact of their participation in organizational activities, including increasing self-confidence and building good character. Despite admitting a lack of experience in carrying out leadership roles, members still try to overcome obstacles, showing the development of the character of independence and cohesion within the organization. Collaboration with other organizations is also part of the strategy to strengthen friendship and collaboration in organizational activities. Overall, the roles and interactions within the Ngreco branch of the IPNU-IPPNU organization strengthen the formation of quality youth character.
 Keywords: Ngreco branch of the IPNU-IPPNU organization; Formation of adolescent character.

Constitution-Making in the 21st Century: Lessons from the Chilean Process

A distinctive feature of 21st-century constitution making is the role assigned to citizens through various forms of direct participation, as well as special efforts to include groups underrepresented and marginalized in ordinary politics. The legitimacy of these processes increasingly requires a role for actors and groups previously excluded from crucial institutional decisions (Elster 1998; Fishkin 2011; Reuchamps and Welp 2023; Rubio-Marín 2020; Welp and Soto 2020). However, vested interests have proven challenging to overcome amid a global crisis of representation. The failed Chilean process of 2021–2022 provides valuable lessons about the triumphs and pitfalls of embracing an open approach to constitution making.

Partisipasi Politik dalam Pembangunan Desa di Kecamatan Sayan Kabupaten Melawi

The Politics of Empowering the Community in village development in the Sayan District is crucial in enhancing active citizen participation in the policy-making process, decision-making, and implementation of village development programs. Political participation in the Sayan District can take the form of direct participation through village meetings, participation through representative mechanisms, as well as participation through collective action and advocacy. Strong political participation can reinforce the independence of the village in managing natural, social, and economic resources in the Sayan District. Through political participation, residents can voice their interests and aspirations, making policies and village development programs more responsive to the needs and expectations of the residents. Additionally, political participation can also improve accountability and transparency in village financial management and the development of village infrastructure in the Sayan District. However, there are challenges in promoting political participation in villages in the Sayan District, such as the lack of awareness among the community about the importance of political participation, limited access to information, and the insufficient skills and capacities of the community in managing village resources. Therefore, efforts are needed to strengthen community political participation in the Sayan District, including enhancing political literacy, developing inclusive participation mechanisms, and empowering village communities in sustainable resource management

PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN DESA WISATA SETANGGOR KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH


 
 
 
 This study discusses about community participation in the management of the Setanggor tourism village, Central Lombok Regency. The data collection in this study used the method of observation, interviews and documentation with a qualitative descriptive approach. The results showed that the form of community participation in the management of tourism villages which was entirely based on community empowerment or community based tourism (CBT) and was applied in the form of direct participation or the community had directly carrying out tourism activities in Setanggor Village by taking the role of subject and object simultaneously, meaning that in implementing tourism activities in Setanggor Village, the community becomes tourism actors and managers, and at the same time becomes an object that can be enjoyed by tourists through performing arts and crafts attractions.
 
 
 

STRATEGI PENGEBANGAN DAYA TARI WISATA AIR TERJUN BABAK PELANGI DESA LANTAN KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH


 
 
 
 This study discusses the strategy of developing a tourist attraction for the rainbow waterfall in Lantan Village, Central Lombok Regency. This research was conducted to answer the problems that became the focus of the research, namely the carrying capacity of the rainbow waterfall to be used as a natural tourist attraction in Lantan Village, Central Lombok Regency. Data collection in this study used the method of observation, interviews and documentation with a qualitative descriptive approach. The results showed that the development model of the rainbow waterfall in Lantan Village is a development location of the rainbow waterfall in Lantan Village. And applied in the form of potential that is owned as a promotional support to be developed and applied in the form of direct participation or the community has directly carried out tourism activities in the Rainbow Waterfall area of ​​Lantan Village by taking the role of subject and object simultaneously, meaning that in the development of the Rainbow Waterfall area Tourism activities in the Rainbow Round Waterfall, the community becomes tourism actors and managers, and at the same time becomes an object that tourists can enjoy through performances of existing attractions.
 
 
 

Dismodernizing the Working Class and Social Reproduction, After the Pandemic Lumpenproletariat: Towards an Autonomist Disability Perspective

Capitalism establishes a fundamental connection between the constitution of society and the sphere of production. Whether in the form of direct participation or indirectly through the performance of social reproduction, the working class is expected to be working . The universals of capitalist society as a work-based society revolve around the material and symbolic centrality of the working class, its struggle and its social reproduction. This association is reinforced by the othering effect that the definitional politics of the universal working class has on subjects defined by their non-relation to the sphere of production, but also by the categories we choose for thinking class struggle and antagonism. In this paper I will explore a perspective of struggle that starts from the 'others' of the universal working class as generative of the universalisation of class struggle and social reproduction as involving all of us, regardless of our position vis-à-vis productive labour. I will consider this universalisation first as it emerged through the figure of the 'universal' pandemic lumpenproletariat that, under the impact of the biological 'real' of the pandemic, overspilled from an othered position to a generalised condition for the working class, necessitating an expansion and re-valuation of social reproduction beyond the confines of its subordination to the sphere of production. Secondly, I will discuss the ways in which the encounter with the biological real can be politically chosen as the ground on which to reproduce anti-capitalist dynamics of social reproduction in post-pandemic times. As a political choice, I will contend, this unfolds through the symbolic universalisation of disability and through the symbolic dismodernization of the working class, which in turn connect with a dismodernized form of social reproduction. In spaces where the lumpenproletariat and disability are universal, universal care and support replace the limited forms of capitalist social reproduction. I will conclude by suggesting that an autonomist dismodernism, as an expression of a more general autonomist disability perspective, reads this other form of social reproduction as the telos of struggle that choosing disability orients us towards.

Algeria: Political Participation During the Transformation of Political Regime after 2019

The article focuses on the issues of political regime transformation in Algeria after the overthrow of President Abdelaziz Bouteflika. Describing the dynamics of Algerian political life, the author points out that the country's current regime can be characterised as hybrid and authoritarian. Nevertheless, the prospects for its further evolution remain unclear. The author opines that these prospects would be determined by the ability of the system to overcome the alienation between the public and the authorities. With this in mind, two key linking mechanisms need be analysed: electoral and direct political participation. When analysing electoral processes, the author compares the events and results of the 2002, 2007, 2012, 2017 and 2021 parliamentary campaigns, concluding that the mutual distrust between the public and the government constantly affects the social life of Algeria. Looking at direct forms of participation, he focuses on the “Hirak” Movement, which made the 2019 power transition possible. Indication of its specific traits shows why it did not facilitate the creation of a new social contract. The author concludes the article with the assumption that the alienation between the government and society has not been overcome because Algerian political culture was formed in the colonial and post-colonial periods. The article’s methodology is based on the hybrid regime and social orders theories. Furthermore, the author uses the typology of political parties proposed by Maurice Duverger. The sources and materials used for the study include official documents, media publications and results of the author’s field research.

Bodies of self-organized community – form of direct participation in the realization of local self-government

Bodies of self-organized community – form of direct participation in the realization of local self-government

Social Regulation and the Digital Public Space in Cameroon

The concept of public space, which had its letter of nobility with Habermas, is at the center of democratic organization. It defines an intermediary space between civil society and the State. However, we cannot speak about such a space today without taking into account the complexity of the digital reality that characterizes it. The development of digital technology has redefined the physical borders between States as well as the relationship between citizenship and territory. The use of digital media has also transformed the modalities of collective action by making new forms of intersubjectivity possible, and more spontaneous and direct forms of participation have also emerged. Through the digital effect, the transformation of public space into digital public space reflects big problems of impoverishment of living together and collective action in Cameroon. This paper goes through the different modes of regulation, not without defining its role as a framework that would make public space a place based on communicative action and ethics. It also attempts to organize new forms of digital sociability and to rebuild living together. A moral education focused on redefining the bases of the social contract extended to all virtual spheres is presented as a way of reintegrating the fundamental principles of living.

Legal forms of participation of Ukrainian citizens in cross-border cooperation

The article examines the legal forms of participation of Ukrainian citizens in cross-border cooperation. It is established that the European Framework Convention on Transfrontier Co-operation between Territorial Com-munities or Authorities does not explicitly establish forms of involvement of citizens in cross-border co-oper-ation, but does not restrict them. It was found that citizens are members of local communities and they can not directly and indirectly benefit from cross-border cooperation, so their participation in such processes should not be limited.The provisions of Protocol № 3 to the European Framework Convention on Transfrontier Co-operation between Territorial Communities or Authorities concerning Euroregional Co-operation Associations of 16 November 2009 are analyzed. It is established that this protocol clearly regulates the consideration of the interests of individuals in the activities of associations of Euroregional cooperation.The activity of Euroregions formed with the participation of separate territories of Ukraine («Lower Danube», «Upper Prut», «Dniester» and «Carpathian Euroregion») is studied, clearly confirms the involvement of citizens in cross-border cooperation projects. The legal bases of involvement of citizens in the decision of important problems of territorial communities, including the account of their opinion in the course of cross-border cooperation are ana-lyzed. Among the analyzed forms, public consultations, citizens’ appeals and electronic petitions, general meetings of citizens and public budgets were highlighted.It is proposed to classify the legal forms of citizens’ participation in cross-border cooperation as follows: direct forms of participation (first of all, participation of citizens in cross-border cooperation projects, including such events as round tables, conferences, seminars, trainings, etc.); indirect forms of participation (forms of citizen participation aimed at ensuring that their views are taken into account in the process of cross-border cooperation, in particular through: public consultations, citizens’ appeals, general meetings, public budgets, public hearings, local initiatives, etc.).

Political Action, Protest, and the Functioning of Democratic Governance

The current debate on the vitality of affluent democracies often cites the changing patterns of citizens’ political participation as signs of this malaise. Fewer citizens are voting, and more are turning toward contentious and more direct forms of participation. What are the consequences? I describe the participation patterns in affluent democracies and then consider whether these changes in citizen participation are linked to the quality of democratic performance. Some scholars see a more assertive public as overloading the political system or destroying collective views of politics. Others see contentious politics as giving citizens an additional and more effective method of influencing policymakers. The evidence on citizen participation comes from two waves of the International Social Survey Program. Measures of the functioning of government come from the Economist Intelligence Unit and the World Bank. The analyses show that a more active public is correlated with a better functioning government. Moreover, these relationships are stronger for protest and other forms of direct action than for voting in national elections. The results suggest that an assertive and elite-challenging public is more of a boon than a curse for democratic politics.

Forms of public participation in the sustainable development of the city (on the example of the city of Yekaterinburg, Russia)

The city space is permeated with structural and functional opportunities for public participation in solving its problems. This is due to both the existence of a regulatory framework and the willingness and intention of citizens to express their opinion through indirect and direct forms of participation. Direct forms of participation, such as voting and referendums, rallies and pickets, arouse greater interest of city residents by their timeliness, adequacy in the presence of well-built communication channels of local government bodies and the population. The results of the survey and expert interviews about the presence of an active public and community in the city of Yekaterinburg indicate both successful stories of interaction and demonstrate the possibilities for growth and improvement of this process. One of such forms of development can be the transfer of communication to the Internet space of the official websites of local governments and social networks.

Impact of globalization on the direct participation of citizens in local self-government in the Republic of Bulgaria

Research background: The direct participation of citizens in political decision-making in the state is one of the ways to implement the public relations between the political state represented by the authorities of local self-government and administration. In addition to that, the civil society on behalf of the local inhabitants of the municipalities is also part of this process. Purpose of the article: This report aims to examine which forms of direct democracy are most often applied in the system of local self-government and what is the result of them in view of the economic independence of municipalities. The comparative study covers the periods before and after the signing of the European Charter of Local Self-Government in 1995 by the Republic of Bulgaria, as well as the periods before and after the accession of our country to the EU in 2007. These two events play a key role in the impact of globalization processes on the direct participation of citizens in local political decision making. Methods: The methodological tools, used in the research, include the comparative analysis and the comparative-legal method. Findings & Value added: The contribution of the research is expressed in tracking the trend in the application of various forms of direct participation of citizens in local government in the Republic of Bulgaria, in outlining the main shortcomings of legal regulations and factors, favoring or hindering the implementation of these forms, and in formulating proposals de lege ferenda to improve existing legislation.

Институциональные основы политической социализации молодежи как факторы гражданского участия в управлении жизнью общества

Presented is research in the problem of political socialization of the youth. Socialization of individual plays the role as a way of forming a political picture of the world among young people, determining degree of participation in management of society that is an important component of the process of socialization of the individual as a whole. At the same time, today there is no holistic understanding of institutions through which the process of political socialization of youth can be carried out. The main purpose of this work is to conduct a systematic analysis of the list of forms of direct participation of young people in political life of society as a means of political socialization. In this regard, the authors have classified these forms into two groups, i.e. traditional ones, established by special laws forms of political participation of citizens in the life of the country, and alternative ones, implemented in the framework of state youth policy. On the basis of research results of the department of political psychology, faculty of philosophy of Lomonosov Moscow State University, aimed at comparative analysis of the nature of political socialization and re-socialization of different age groups, substantiated is gradual decrease in the role of traditional institutions in political socialization with variety of alternative ones. Also defined are place and role in the life of modern young person of such institutions as elections, political parties and various forms of youth self-government.

И предписывать, и доверять

И предписывать, и доверять

Гражданин Российской Федерации – субъект осуществления общественного контроля в России

Introduction. Public control is an attribute of a developed civil society in the state. In Russia, the Federal law regulating the procedure for public control was adopted in 2014. This law has established a limited range of subjects of public control in Russia, however, current legislation indicates the actual inclusion of other subjects not stipulated in the law in this mechanism. A citizen of the Russian Federation is not directly listed by the Federal law as a subject of public control, however, the law provides for forms of participation of citizens in the process under consideration. Theoretical analysis. Russia today stands on the path of democratic transformation of all state institutions. The implementation of fundamental constitutional provisions regarding the recognition of human and civil rights and freedoms as the highest value is impossible without the functioning of instruments of public control over the activities of public authorities. Developed democracy presupposes the exercise of public control by the entire multi-level system of civil society institutions, with the citizen at the center. Empirical analysis. The analysis of the content of the Federal law “On fundamentals of public control in the Russian Federation” from the point of view of consolidation of constituent entities of social control and forms of its implementation, allows to conclude that, in fact, the law duplicated the forms of social control and subject composition fixed earlier by the Federal law “On Public chamber of the Russian Federation. The current legislation indicates that the central link in the number of subjects of public control are public chambers and public councils operating in Russia and that there are no legal guarantees of citizen participation in the implementation of public control. Results. The current development of the procedure for implementing public control in Russia implies the need for legislative consolidation of direct forms of participation of citizens of the Russian Federation in this mechanism. Direct forms of such participation can be: appeals to state authorities and local self-government bodies in the form of proposals with wide public awareness via Internet resources; participation of citizens in the electoral process as public observers; participation as a member of the public chamber of any territorial level of the organization; participation as members of public associations and other non-governmental non-profit associations; participation as public inspectors and experts on the initiative of Russian citizens.

The Double Crisis of Representation and Participation in Brazil

ABSTRACTThe Brazilian political system is a mix of representation and participation and innovation and political continuity. It introduced several new form of direct participation but also kept the proportional system with a strong president. The design of the Brazilian system divided political scientists, a few of them arguing the system could not possibly produce governability (Ames, B. 2001. The Deadlock of Democracy in Brazil: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in Comparative Politics. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press) whereas others argued that the system could produce good governance and executive branch legislative success (Figueiredo, A. C., & Limongi, F. 2010. Presidential power, legislative organization, and party behavior in Brazil. Comparative Politics, 32 (2), 151–170). In addition to that, the Brazilian institutional design strengthened the Supreme Court and the judicial system as a whole, an act that opened a judicial venue in the process of citizens representation in the process of expansion of rights. In this article, we are going to assume an intermediate position in the debate between Ames and Limongi. We will argue that the system of representation in Brazil was built upon several design problems but could work well as long as it interacted with a system of participation that help to give it legitimacy. In addition to that the political system lost influence to the judicial system in the representation of citizenship. The political arrangement based on the integration of representation and participation was provisional and collapsed after the June 2013 demonstrations opening the way for different attacks on representation and participation by both social actors and the judicial system.

What determines the presence of works councils in Polish companies?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors influencing the presence of works councils in Polish companies. The study also considers the incidence of councils in organizations and management’s attitude towards these institutions of employee participation.Design/methodology/approachBased on a sample of 402 Polish private companies, the probit model was calculated to identify the determinants of a works councils’ presence. The coverage of active councils was evaluated on the MRPiPS database and the GUS database.FindingsThe data show that the coverage of works councils in Polish organizations fell suddenly after the introduction of the amendment of the Act from 2009. Moreover, trade union density has a strong positive influence on the occurrence of works councils in companies. Councils are also more likely to be found in older foreign-owned companies in which forms of direct participation are used. Additionally, a higher share of shift workers in companies is associated with a higher probability of works councils’ presence.Research limitations/implicationsThere are some difficulties with obtaining a precise analysis of the coverage of works councils in Poland.Practical implicationsPolish findings may be useful for other countries of Central and Eastern Europe with similar characteristics of industrial relations and similarly short traditions of works councils.Originality/valueThis paper extends the previous research on the operation of works councils in Polish industrial relations by providing an econometric analysis of the determinants of councils’ presence in companies. Such an analysis has been conducted in Poland for the first time.

The implications of direct participation for organisational commitment, job satisfaction and affective psychological well‐being: a longitudinal analysis

AbstractThe article examines the implications of direct participation for employees' organisational commitment, job satisfaction and affective psychological well‐being. It focuses on both task discretion and organisational participation. Applying fixed effect models to nationally representative longitudinal data, the study provides a more rigorous assessment of the conflicting claims for the effects of participation that have hitherto been based primarily on cross‐sectional evidence. Further, it tests a range of mechanisms by which direct participation leads to improved employee outcomes. Contrary to the critical literature, it shows that even after controlling for unobserved individual heterogeneity, both forms of direct participation have positive effects for employees' organisational commitment and well‐being. The effects of task discretion are primarily direct, reflecting the intrinsic importance of personal control over the job task; in contrast, those of organisational participation derive to a greater extent from its indirect effect on the quality of working conditions.

The Constitutional Basis of Local Democracy

The Constitution of Slovenia guarantees local government, nevertheless it does not regulate forms of local democracy. Thus, the legislation envisages numerous different ways of citizens' participation, both direct and indirect, in decision-making in local communities. Still the local elections remain the most important way of citizens’ influencing decision making in local communities. The right of the people living in local communities to vote local authorities and to be elected for local offices is certainly the core of modern understanding of local democracy. In Slovenia, both members of municipal council and mayor are directly elected. Right to vote and to be elected have also EU citizens while other foreigners have only right to vote. Among forms of direct participation, the most important ones are the town meeting, referendum, popular initiative and right to petition. They enable the citizens to participate in the processes of deliberation, proposing and formulating decisions, stating preliminary positions with regard to decisions to be made as well as decision-making itself or confirming the solutions adopted.