Direct Explanations Research Articles

Exploring the Multimodal Approach in Pre-Service Chemistry Teacher Education: Perspective from Students and Lecturers

This study aims to investigate the implementation of a multimodal approach in the learning process and the summative tests of pre-service chemistry teacher education. Data were collected through Google Forms using semi-structured questions. Data were compared with analysis handbooks and summative test documents. The results show that most pre-service chemistry teachers have a multimodal learning style. However, the application of the multimodal approach in chemistry courses has not been extensively implemented due to several challenges. For instance, the time required for preparation can be a significant barrier, as creating and organizing multiple modes of communication can be time-consuming. The complexity of creating media is another challenge, as it requires technical skills and resources. Additionally, the characteristics of students who do not support independent learning can hinder the implementation of a multimodal approach. The most commonly used media in applying the multimodal approach are videos and PowerPoint presentations, supplemented by direct explanations from lecturers. Most of the test techniques used by lecturers were in written form, owing to the difficulties in developing multimodal tests. This study implies an urgent need for the development of multimodal test instruments to accommodate differences in students' learning styles.

Rule learning by modularity

In this paper, we present a modular methodology that combines state-of-the-art methods in (stochastic) machine learning with well-established methods in inductive logic programming (ILP) and rule induction to provide efficient and scalable algorithms for the classification of vast data sets. By construction, these classifications are based on the synthesis of simple rules, thus providing direct explanations of the obtained classifications. Apart from evaluating our approach on the common large scale data sets MNIST, Fashion-MNIST and IMDB, we present novel results on explainable classifications of dental bills. The latter case study stems from an industrial collaboration with Allianz Private Krankenversicherung which is an insurance company offering diverse services in Germany.

2015 개정 초등 실과 아동기 발달 관련 교과서 내용 분석

This study analyzed content related to childhood development in six types of elementary school curriculum revised in 2015. The research question were: First, what are the characteristics of the external system and composition of the 2015 revised elementary school curriculum related to ‘childhood development’? Second, what are the characteristics of the contents of ‘childhood development’ in the 2015 revised elementary school curriculum? The findings revealed that first, the contents on childhood development were organized within the first unit of the first semester of the 5th grade in the practical department of elementary school, planned for a duration equivalent to 3~4 sessions. Second, all practical arts textbooks outline development characteristics in body, cognition, emotion, and society, as well as individual differences in development and prerequisites for healthy development, based on related achievement standards. However, some textbooks omitted content on individual differences in development and the factors contributing to these differences. Based on the results, the following suggestions for further research are made: First, more direct explanations of childhood development characteristics and the necessary conditions and methods for healthy growth and development should be provided. Second, more practical and specific activities that help students recognize individual differences in development beyond the individual should be presented. Third, it is crucial to discuss the factors that contribute to individual differences in development and explain that development outcomes can be influenced by individual efforts and acquired skills.

Profile of Celestial Object Identification Skills of Junior High School Students in Indonesia

The ability to identify celestial objects provides significant benefits for improving students' motivation, understanding of the subject matter, reasoning, and skills, yet this area remains underexplored by researchers. This study aims to describe the profile of junior high school students' ability to identify celestial objects in science learning, particularly in the Solar System topic, focusing on their experiences in recognizing the names of celestial objects at night. Using a qualitative approach, this research involved semi-structured interviews with three science teachers and a survey of 31 7th-grade students who had not been taught the Solar System topic. The research instruments included student characteristics, availability of learning resources, challenges faced by students, teaching methods, and responses to the idea of outdoor learning with the assistance of an Augmented Reality (AR) application. The results indicate that, generally, students are not yet able to identify celestial objects other than the Moon due to limited prior experience and knowledge. Although teachers have attempted to introduce identification methods through instructional videos and direct explanations, this method is considered less accurate due to discrepancies between classroom learning and field experiences. However, both teachers and students recognize that identifying celestial objects can enrich understanding of the subject matter, increase motivation, and stimulate gratitude for God's creation. The positive response to the idea of outdoor learning with an AR application indicates high interest from both teachers and students in this approach.

Effect of marine clay minerals on the thermodynamics of CH4 hydrate: Evidence for the inhibition effect with implications

Clay minerals are widely distributed in hydrate-bearing sediments worldwide, especially in the clayey-silty sediments in the South China Sea. The debate on the influence of clay on the thermodynamics of natural gas hydrate (NGH) remains and impedes the fundamental understanding of hydrate-clay interactions and the design of effective production strategies for energy recovery. Specifically, the phase equilibria of MH in the presence of clay and how different types of water associated with clay particles affect NGH thermodynamics and stability are not fully elucidated and warrant investigation. In this study, the phase equilibria of methane hydrate (MH) were measured in the presence of typical clays from the South China Sea, i.e., montmorillonite, kaolinite, and illite. The shift of MH phase equilibria curve to a more stringent pressure was identified with Na-montmorillonite showing the most significant inhibition. The leftward shift (inhibition) of phase equilibrium temperature (Teq) is up to 3.9 K at a pressure of 10.40 MPa for Na-montmorillonite compared with pure water. Furthermore, we develop a thermodynamic model based on the classical Chen-Guo model first accounting for the change in water activity (aw) due to cation exchange of Na-montmorillonite. The developed model exhibits good predictability with the measured phase equilibira data. The inhibition on the phase equilibria of MH is linked to the reduction of aw due to the clay-bound water for clays with a swelling nature. The findings of this study offer direct evidence and explanations on how clay minerals thermodynamically inhibit CH4 hydrate. It provides valuable insights into the resource estimation of clayey-silty NGH in nature and facilities the design of suitable production strategies targeting clay-rich hydrate-bearing sediments.

Analysis of Media and Learning Resources Used by Teachers in the Topic of Direct Current Circuits in Physics

This study aims to analyze the media and learning resources used in 6 public and private high schools to explain the 12th-grade Physics material of Direct Current (DC) circuits and to analyze the media and learning resources with the potential for development in teaching Physics, particularly in the topic of DC circuits, in these six schools. The research employed a quantitative descriptive method with a survey approach, and the instrument used was a questionnaire. The data were obtained from the distribution of questionnaires, with 282 respondents from 6 different schools. The collected data were analyzed by calculating the percentage of media and learning resources used by the six schools. The results showed that the learning media with the highest percentage is "other media," including print media (textbooks), whiteboards, and direct explanations by teachers, with 40.46%. Meanwhile, the lowest percentage is for PhET at 10.54%. Regarding learning resources, printed books have the highest percentage at 44.98% and the lowest for modules at 9.17%. In conclusion, the most widely used media by the six schools to explain DC circuits are print media (textbooks), whiteboards, and direct explanations by teachers. The most commonly used learning resource is printed books. Additionally, the media with the potential for development is PhET, and the learning resource with development potential is modules. This is because these media and learning resources are still underutilized in the six public and private high schools when explaining DC circuits. This research provides insights into the needed media and learning resources, their limited availability, and their potential for development in teaching DC circuits in these six public and private high schools.

Foreign direct investment and local interpretable model-agnostic explanations: a rational framework for FDI decision making

PurposeThis study aims to examine foreign direct investment (FDI) factors and develops a rational framework for FDI inflow in Western European countries such as France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium and Austria.Design/methodology/approachData for this study were collected from the World development indicators (WDI) database from 1995 to 2018. Factors such as economic growth, pollution, trade, domestic capital investment, gross value-added and the financial stability of the country that influence FDI decisions were selected through empirical literature. A framework was developed using interpretable machine learning (IML), decision trees and three-stage least squares simultaneous equation methods for FDI inflow in Western Europe.FindingsThe findings of this study show that there is a difference between the most important and trusted factors for FDI inflow. Additionally, this study shows that machine learning (ML) models can perform better than conventional linear regression models.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has several limitations. Ideally, classification accuracies should be higher, and the current scope of this research is limited to examining the performance of FDI determinants within Western Europe.Practical implicationsThrough this framework, the national government can understand how investors make their capital allocation decisions in their country. The framework developed in this study can help policymakers better understand the rationality of FDI inflows.Originality/valueAn IML framework has not been developed in prior studies to analyze FDI inflows. Additionally, the author demonstrates the applicability of the IML framework for estimating FDI inflows in Western Europe.

Cara Menilai Status Nutrisi Bayi Balita dan Apras Menggunakan Z-Score Di Desa Japanan Kecamatan Gudo Kabupaten Jombang

Nutritional problems are a multifactorial health problem that occurs in society. Nutritional problems occur in every life cycle from the womb to old age, so the role of regularly weighing toddlers is important in assessing their weight growth. The aim of this community service is to increase parents' knowledge in assessing the nutritional status of infants and toddlers using the Z-Score. The method used to assess nutritional status is to use the Z-Score. The activities were carried out using posters, KMS books, and direct explanations. Based on the activities that had been carried out, 20 toddlers and mothers took part in the Z-Score assessment activity. With this assessment, there are several toddlers who show poor nutritional status. Therefore, parents of toddlers need to know the nutritional status of toddlers so they can provide care to improve the nutritional status of their children who are experiencing malnutrition.

First-principles study on mechanical properties and retention behaviors of hydrogen in W by additions of Re and Mo

Understanding the alloying effects on service performances of hydrogen in W has been regarded as a hot issue for designing plasma-facing materials. In our work, first-principles calculation was used to comparatively investigate the thermodynamic stabilities, mechanical properties and retention behaviors of hydrogen in W by additions of Re and Mo. It is shown that the ductility and damage tolerance of WH phases are improved through the alloying of Re and Mo, and one of Re plays a more significant role. Moreover, the temperature-dependent solubility, diffusivity, and permeability of hydrogen in W, WRe and WMo alloys are calculated by combining Sievert's law and transition state theory. The derived results match well with experimental observations in the literature, and offer direct explanations for different influences of additive Re and Mo on hydrogen retention.

Edukasi Pencegahan Cidera Bahu Terhadap Atlet Rugby di PRUI Boyolali

Exercise is a form of planned and structured physical activity that involves repetitive body movements and is aimed at improving physical fitness. Seeing the game of rugby sport is vulnerable to injury if it is not paid attention to the correct warm-up. Rugby poses a high risk of injury. This activity will be held on June 10, 2023 in the field of Winong Hamlet, Boyolali District, Boyolaali Boyolali Regency, Central Java using leaflet media and direct practical explanations. The result obtained from this rugby community activity is that athletes can add insight into the knowledge of handling acute injuries to the shoulder using the PEACE method which is proven by the results of the evaluation value carried out. The conclusion is that the use of poster media and direct practical explanations has a very good impact in increasing the knowledge of rugby athletes about handling acute injuries.

Peran BMT Syari’ah Jaya Abadi dalam Peningkatan Pendapatan Usaha Mikro di Kecamatan Giri Mulya Kabuapaten Bengkulu Utara

The purpose of this study 1) to determine the role of BMT Syari'ah Jaya Abadi in increasing micro business income in Giri Mulya District, North Bengkulu Regency. 2) To find out what are the obstacles of BMT Syari'ah Jaya Abadi in increasing micro business income in Giri Mulya District, North Bengkulu Regency. The approach used in this research is non-participant qualitative and descriptive analysis method. Data was collected through direct explanations from the head of BMT Syari'ah Jaya Abadi, Managers and Customers of Syari'ah Jaya Abadi as the unit of analysis for this research. The results of this study indicate that 1) The role of BMT Syari'ah Jaya Abadi, Giri Mulya District, North Bengkulu Regency, namely first, fostering an entrepreneurial spirit in the community. Second, being able to suppress the practice of usury in the midst of society. Third, improve people's welfare. 2) The obstacles to BMT Syari'ah Jaya Abadi, Giri Mulya District, North Bengkulu Regency, namely the delay in returning customers' capital money and the large number of customers who have not been able to manage their finances.

Sosialisasi Pengolahan Produk Dendeng Daun Singkong Dan Nugget Udang Sebagai Potensi Usaha Masyarakat Kelurahan Teluk Makmur

The potential possessed by Teluk Makmur sub-district includes the agricultural and fisheries aspects, where in terms of agriculture it’s in the form of cassava plants and in terms of fisheries it’s in the form of shrimp. This is also related to the livelihoods of the community, the majority of whom are farmers, fishermen and entrepreneurs/MSMEs, so by utilizing the potential of the sub-district and the livelihoods of the community, the Kukerta team decided to hold a demonstration of organic cassava jerky and shrimp nuggets as an alternative for entrepreneurial sales products/ MSMEs. The aim of this demonstration is to motivate MSMEs to continue running and provide various variations of sales products originating from the potential of the sub-district. Community service activities were carried out at the Teluk Makmur Village Hall, Medang Kampai District, Dumai City on Saturday, July 29 2023 at 08.00 WIB until finished. Methods include direct explanations by Kukerta students from Teluk Makmur Village as well as field practice which is directly held in front of the participants present. This service activity took place successfully, which can be said to be due to the response given by all demonstration participants who were truly enthusiastic about everything.

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN DAN KEAMANAN DALAM PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI BRIMO KEPADA NASABAH DI PT BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA (BRI) DI KANTOR KCP AHMAD YANI

Bank BRI launched the BRI Mobile Banking (Brimo) application with the aim of improving services to customers and making it easier for customers to make transactions. With the BRImo application, the mindset of customers and bank employees needs to be changed and adapted to using the mobile banking application. This dedication article aims to explain efforts to increase understanding and security in using the BRImo application for BRI Bank customers at the KCP Ahmad Yani Pekanbaru office. The method used is customer service, interviews and problem solving by the service team. By providing direct explanations to customers about the benefits, convenience and security of using the BRImo application, users can increase their trust in using the application.

Perbedaan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Pembelajaran Daring Melalui Implementasi Multimedia Collaborative-Interactive (Co-Interactive) pada Masa Pandemi

The research was conducted during the covid-19 pandemic and learning was carried out from and there were many technical obstacles and students' thinking abilities which tended to be low because they were unable to understand the material by being given in the form of modules only. During a pandemic, learning is carried out at home to avoid transmission. With this, educators must move actively so that learning can still be given. So that learning is needed with the help of interactive collaborative multimedia with the help of Learning Management Systems (LMS), zoom meetings, and YouTube as learning multimedia. Learning with zoom meetings to provide direct explanations to students about the material being studied. YouTube is given as a multimedia-based learning because students can see learning using videos. The research method used is an experiment with two classes, namely the experimental class and the control class as a comparison with conventional learning. The results obtained that there is an average difference between students with learning using interactive multimedia collaborative better than students with conventional learning.

Hydrogen trapping, desorption and clustering in heterophase interfaces of W-ZrC alloy

Understanding the interaction of hydrogen (H) with defects has been recognized as a central aspect in hydrogen-induced damages in metals. In this work, the role of coherent and semi-coherent interfaces between W and ZrC on H trapping, desorption and clustering in nanostructured W alloys was investigated by density functional theory calculations. It is found that, the trapping ability of pure interface is comparable with the intrinsic defects (grain boundary, dislocations) in bulk W, with segregation energies of H ranging from -1.37 to -0.98 eV. While the interfaces with W/C vacancy show stronger trapping capabilities, especially for the semi-coherent interfaces. This leads to low peak temperatures of 390–567 K for H desorption from the pure interfaces and high peak temperatures of 470–836 K from the vacancy-containing interfaces. As the number of H atoms increases, they preferentially segregate to the interfacial W vacancy and divacancy, and then stay at the interface and interface-like zones discretely until the adsorption rate reaches 3/8. The strong traps of vacancy-containing phase interfaces could effectively absorb H from the screw dislocation cores and bulk vacancies in W, hence preventing H-induced damage. This work advances atomic-level understanding of the role of phase interfaces in H trapping and clustering, not only offering direct explanations for experimental H desorption observations, but also pointing to a feasible route towards interface engineering against H-induced damage in structural metals.

Scientific Writing Guidance for Elementary School Teacher Candidate through Synchronous and Asynchronous

The purpose of this study is to understand the process of guidance on writing scientific articles through synchronous and asynchronous models for students as the outcome of field studies on children with special needs. The research was conducted through a pre-experimental design with one-shot case studies. One hundred fourteen elementary school teacher candidates at a state campus in Purwakarta Regency were involved in this study by filling out a questionnaire. Data dianalisis melalui analisis data survei. Guidance with a synchronous model utilizes the Zoom application, while asynchronous uses tutorials via YouTube and Google Classroom. Synchronous guidance allows students to have virtual discussions and receive direct explanations from lecturers, while asynchronous guidance makes it easier for students to review topics that have not been understood flexibly, cost-effectively, and comfortably. Guidance on writing scientific articles through synchronous and asynchronous models is considered effective in increasing the ability and confidence of elementary school teachers candidates in writing scientific articles. Combining synchronous and asynchronous models can create varied scientific article writing guidance and minimize the shortcomings of both. Experts are advised to explore various methods and digital platforms to provide guidance and access various sources to learn good scientific writing

Heutagogical Approach in Online English Pronunciation Learning: Student Awareness Survey

English language learners have difficulties in English in pronouncing fricative consonants, voiced and voiceless TH, plosive consonants and vowel sounds. Serious speech mistakes can lead to miscommunication since poor pronunciation abilities make it difficult for other people to hear what you are saying. Additionally, students may miss their lecturers' direct explanations of proper pronunciation when taking online English lessons with inconsistent Internet access. Proper pronunciation can help students participate in conversations, form connections, and improve graduates' employability abilities. Furthermore, pronunciation skills are learnt independently at higher education institutions. Before designing a web-based tool for self-directed learning of English pronunciation, the designers must get feedback from the students about their self-directed learning, self-evaluation of English language proficiency and English learning experiences through Online Distance Learning (ODL). This survey is a preliminary survey towards the development of a heutagogical English pronunciation application. An online questionnaire was disseminated to 424 respondents from various higher education institutions in Malaysia. Â In this survey, firstly we aimed to get feedback from the students about their self-directed learning, self-evaluation of English language proficiency and English learning experiences through Online Distance Learning (ODL). The survey consisted of demographic data of respondents, standardized test of English language proficiency, self-evaluation of English language proficiency and English language learning experiences during COVID-19. The findings suggested that although language learners have developed their self-directed learning skills, they still need to improve these skills in learning the language using ODL. Learners consider themselves as having average English language proficiency. They were responsible for improving their pronunciation skills and needed assistant tools to improve their pronunciation skills. It is recommended that an application that uses a heutagogical approach such as Speech-to-Text and Text-to Speech need to be developed.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Criminality, and Criminal Responsibility.

Although individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (ND), such as intellectual disability (ID) and autism, are overrepresented in the criminal justice system, most psychiatry training is limited regarding NDs, and forensic psychiatry training tends to focus on psychotic and mood disorders. This article explores the complex interactions between NDs and criminality, including direct etiological explanations and potential mediating variables (e.g., trauma), to address common training gaps. We compare and contrast current laws relevant to assessing NDs in criminal responsibility evaluations. Not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) criteria vary by jurisdiction, with some specifying ID as one possible insanity defense prerequisite while most jurisdictions are nonspecific. NDs in the absence of psychosis or mania often involve impaired cognition (e.g., comprehension, reasoning, social cognition) and behavioral dysregulation. This article provides potential scenarios by which those with NDs might be competent to stand trial but qualify for one or more NGRI prongs. Suggestions for assessment methods (including for malingering) are addressed for this unique population.

PREDIKSI KINERJA MAHASISWA DALAM PERKULIAHAN DARING BERBASIS E-LEARNING MENGGUNAKAN METODE LOGISTIC REGRESSION

There are many problems that occur in the online learning process, one of which is the difficulty of students in understanding the material well. Various efforts have been declared by lecturers to support online learning, starting from direct material explanations through OpenLearning, Zoom, and Google Meet media. To find out whether the student's performance in this online lecture is good or not. Prediction of student performance in online lectures is used as one of the supports for evaluation decisions at the University of Muhammadiyah, East Kalimantan. The purpose of this study is to determine indicators, implement and evaluate the performance of the Logistic Regression algorithm using the confusion matrix to see student performance in online lectures. The number of data used in this study was 2663 data on odd semester citizenship courses in 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. . The results of the Logistic Regression algorithm using 80% training data sharing and 20% testing data obtained an accuracy value of 91.66%.

Meningkatkan Budaya Literasi Siswa SD Swasta HKBP Sidorame Melalui Perkenalan Adat dan Budaya Indonesia dan Republik Ceko

The purpose of this community service is to increase knowledge and experience regarding the language, customs and culture of the Czech Republic, which of course will be very different from Indonesia. The method used in this service is the method of preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The activity was carried out using the Active, Creative, Effective, and Fun Learning model so that elementary school students felt more comfortable and less tense in following the explanations of students from the Czech Republic. Community Service is held for 2 meetings with a time of 3 hours 1 meeting so that students get to know FKIP lecturers and students as well as students from the Czech Republic so that students at SD HKBP Sidoprame Medan are more free to ask questions and easily understand the culture and customs of the Czech Republic. The evaluation of the introduction of Indonesian and Czech cultural customs got good or satisfactory results, so that this service had a positive impact on the students of SD HKBP Sidorame Medan. This is because after listening to direct explanations from CULS students about the education system in the Czech Republic, students become more enthusiastic in learning so they can study higher in the Czech Republic. Students of SD HKBP Sidorame Medan also have a better understanding of tolerance and have high empathy such as being easy to help and willing to listen to others