Direct Cost Components Research Articles

Analysis Of Direct Medical Cost Of Insulin Treatment In Outpatient With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus On Payer Perspective

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health issue that affect around 643 million people in 2030. Estimated prevalence of T2DM in adults aged 20–79 years has more than tripled, from an estimated 151 million (4.6% of the global population at the time) to 537 million (10.5%) today. This study analyze direct medical costs of insulin treatment with in T2DM outpatients. This retrospective descriptive economic evaluation was conducted in April 2023 on the basis of payer (called as Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial abbreviated as BPJS) perspective, then only direct costs were included in this study. Component of direct medical cost of this research include drug acquisition costs, physician service, laboratory examination, medical execution and administration. 58 T2DM outpatients met inclusion criteria in Universitas Sumatera Utara was recruited by simple random sampling. Result of this study show that most of respondent were aged 56-65 years (58.89%). Cost/year/patient of drug acquisition costs was Rp.4,7228,970.14; physician service was Rp.1,865,172.41; laboratory examination was Rp.443,379.31; and medical execution was Rp.31,030.48 and administration was Rp.300,000.00, respectively. Drug acquisition costs was the largest cost in treating T2DM patients with insulin treatment.

An analysis of financial hardship faced by patients with First Episode Psychosis, and their families, in an Indian setting

BackgroundThe economic burden of psychotic disorders is not well documented in LMICs like India, due to several bottlenecks present in Indian healthcare system like lack of adequate resources, low budget for mental health services and inequity in accessibility of treatment. Hence, a large proportion of health expenditure is paid out of pocket by the households. ObjectiveTo evaluate the direct and indirect costs incurred by patients with First Episode Psychosis and their families in a North Indian setting. MethodDirect and Indirect costs were estimated for 87 patients diagnosed at AIIMS, New Delhi with first-episode psychosis (nonaffective) in the first- and sixth month following diagnosis, and the six months before diagnosis, using a bespoke questionnaire. Indirect costs were valued using the Human Capital Approach. ResultsMean total costs in month one were INR 7991 ($107.5). Indirect costs were 78.3% of this total. Productivity losses was a major component of the indirect cost. Transportation was a key component of direct costs. Costs fell substantially at six months (INR 2732, Indirect Costs 61%). Respondents incurred substantial costs pre-diagnosis, related to formal and informal care seeking and loss of income. ConclusionFamilies suffered substantial productivity loss. Care models and financial protection that address this could substantially reduce the financial burden of mental illness. Measures to address disruption to work and education during FEP are likely to have significant long-term benefits. Families also suffered prolonged income loss pre-diagnosis, highlighting the benefits of early and effective diagnosis.

Economic and Humanistic Burden of Moderate and Severe Hemophilia A and B in Spain: Real-World Evidence Insights from the CHESS II Study

Economic and Humanistic Burden of Moderate and Severe Hemophilia A and B in Spain: Real-World Evidence Insights from the CHESS II Study

Analisis Efektivitas Biaya Penggunaan Kombinasi Doksetaksel Doksorubisin dan Kombinasi Siklofosfamid - Doksorubisin pada Pasien Kanker Payudara Stadium II di RSUD X Bungo Tahun 2022

Breast cancer is cancer that occurs in the mammary glands due to cell malignancy or uncontrolled growth of cells from the gland cells and their ducts.Cancer treatment has consumed BPJS funding of approximately 7.6 trillion rupiah at 2019 – 2020 years. This study is needed to determine the ratio of treatment effectiveness and the average cost comparison of the drug combinations Doxetaxel-Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide-Doxorubicin at X Bungo General Hospital in 2022. Cost Effectiveness Analysis Method (Cost Effectiveness Analysis) is an analysis by looking at the effectiveness of treatment seen from medical record information and calculating the value of ACER and ICER.The object of this study is the Regional General Hospital (RSUD) in Bungo Regency. It is known that the component of direct medical costs is in the form of BPJS payments. Based on the ACER value, it shows that Cyclophosphamide - Doxorubicin has a lower ACER value than the ACER value for Doxetaxel - Doxorubicin. It can be concluded that Cyclophosphamide - Doxorubicin has a cost-effectiveness value, namely cost-effective and effective therapy compared to Doxetaxel - Doxorubicin.

Economic burden due to COVID-19 in a Colombian Caribbean state, 2020 and 2021.

To estimate the economic burden associated with COVID-19 in Córdoba, Colombia, 2020 and 2021. Economic burden study. Direct costs were analyzed from the third-party payer perspective using healthcare administrative databases and interviews from a cohort of confirmed COVID-19 cases from Córdoba. Costing aggregation was performed by the bottom-up method. Indirect costs were estimated using the productivity loss approach. Contrast tests and statistical models were estimated at 5% significance. We studied 1,800 COVID-19 cases. The average economic cost of COVID-19 per episode was estimated at US$ 2,519 (95%CI 1,980;3,047). The direct medical cost component accounted for 92.9% of the total; out-of-pocket and indirect costs accounted for 2% and 5.1%, respectively. COVID-19 economic cost was mainly due to direct medical costs. This study provided evidence of the economic burden faced by households due to COVID-19, with the most vulnerable households bearing much of the burden on their income.

Economic and Humanistic Burden of Moderate and Severe Hemophilia A and B in Spain: Real-World Evidence Insights from the CHESS II Study.

Background: Hemophilia is a congenital disorder characterized by deficiency or absence of clotting factor VIII in hemophilia A (HA) or clotting factor IX in hemophilia B (HB), resulting in frequent, repeated, and prolonged spontaneous or traumatic bleeding into joints or soft tissue. Severity is classified by the patient's baseline level of clotting factor activity as mild (>5%-40%), moderate (1%-5%), or severe (<1%). In Spain, there is limited information on the societal economic burden of disease. Objective: To estimate the economic and humanistic burden of disease in adult patients with non-inhibitor moderate and severe HA and HB in Spain. Methods: Spanish data from the CHESS II study (2018-2020) on patients' clinical characteristics, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and hemophilia-related healthcare resource utilization were analyzed. Economic burden was determined by estimating condition-related annual per-patient direct (medical and nonmedical) and indirect costs, stratified according to hemophilia type and severity and presented as 2022 Euros. HRQoL was assessed via the EQ-5D-5L. Results: Of 341 patients in the Spanish CHESS II cohort, 288 patients met the inclusion criteria: 181 had HA (37% [n = 66] moderate and 63% [n=115] severe) and 107 had HB (26% [n = 28] moderate and 74% [n = 79] severe). Mean annual direct cost was higher in HB than in HA, and higher in severe than in moderate patients, resulting in an annual cost/patient of €17 251 (moderate HA), €17 796 (moderate HB), €116 767 (severe HA) and €206 996 (severe HB). The main direct cost component in all groups except moderate HA was factor replacement therapy. Mean per-patient indirect cost was €4089 (moderate HA), €797 (moderate HB), €8633 (severe HA) and €8049 (severe HB). Finally, the mean total cost (direct and indirect) for moderate and severe patients were €91 017 (HA) and €163 924 (HB). EQ-5D-5L [SD] scores were lower in patients with severe HA (0.77 [0.18]) and severe HB (0.70 [0.22]) compared with patients with moderate HA (0.81 [0.15]) and moderate HB (0.86 [0.17]). Conclusions: Independently of the type of hemophilia, greater condition severity was associated with increased costs and a decrease in HRQoL.

COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF TREATMENT IN GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE INPATIENT PATIENTS IN BANDUNG, INDONESIA

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of the GERD treatment management strategy for class II inpatient patients at a police hospital in Bandung, Indonesia.&#x0D; Methods: This study was retrospective, using medical record data collection techniques for 103 patients of the Social Security Administrator for Health (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial, BPJS), from January 2017 to July 2019. The pharmacoeconomic method was Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. The medicines being compared were omeprazole injection and pantoprazole injection. The outcome parameter was the length of stay (LOS). The perspective was a hospital with a direct cost component. This study uses a 5% discounting rate due to differences in years.&#x0D; Results: The results showed that the patient majority was female (76%) and the largest age group was&gt;40 y (53%). There was a significant difference in LOS and total cost between omeprazole and pantoprazole (p-value&lt;0.050) using the Mann-Whitney test. The cost-effectiveness ratio showed that omeprazole has a higher value than pantoprazole.&#x0D; Conclusion: Therapy using pantoprazole was more cost-effective than omeprazole.

Measuring the burden of cystic fibrosis: A scoping review

BackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) contributes a significant economic burden on individuals, healthcare systems, and society. Understanding the economic impact of CF is crucial for planning resource allocation. MethodsWe conducted a scoping review of literature published between 1990 and 2022 that reported the cost of illness, and/or economic burden of CF. Costs were adjusted for inflation and reported as United States dollars. ResultsA total of 39 studies were included. Direct healthcare costs (e.g., medications, inpatient and outpatient care) were the most frequently reported. Most studies estimated the cost of CF using a prevalence-based (n = 18, 46.2 %), bottom-up approach (n = 23, 59 %). Direct non-healthcare costs and indirect costs were seldom included. The most frequently reported direct cost components were medications (n = 34, 87.2 %), inpatient care (n = 33, 84.6 %), and outpatient care (n = 31, 79.5 %). Twenty-eight percent (n = 11) of studies reported the burden of CF from all three perspectives (healthcare system (payer), individual, and society). Indirect costs of CF were reported in approximately 20 % of studies (n = 8). The reported total cost of CF varied widely, ranging from $451 to $160,000 per person per year (2022 US$). The total cost depended on the number of domains and perspectives included in each study. ConclusionsMost studies only reported costs to the healthcare system (i.e., hospitalizations and healthcare encounters) which likely underestimates the total costs of CF. The wide range of costs reported highlights the importance of standardizing perspectives, domains and costs when estimating the economic burden of CF.

Peran Prolanis Memberikan Perlindungan Biaya Kesehatan Mencegah Pengeluaran Katastropik di Kota Jambi

The increasing incidence of catastrophic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus has an impact on catastrophic expenditure in Jambi City. Very high health costs risk causing household economic fragility. Prolanis is one of the programs organized by BPJS Health as part of the National Health Insurance to manage participants' chronic diseases by optimizing efficient health costs. This study aims to analyze costs due to illness and the role of Prolanis in providing health cost protection to participant households so as to prevent catastrophic expenditures. The research approach is quantitative and qualitative which describes the components of direct costs, indirect costs and total costs due to diabetes mellitus and hypertension and assesses the role of Prolanis in preventing catastrophic events in the household. Respondents totaling 180 people were selected using purposive sampling technique. The informants consisted of 20 Prolanis participants who regularly took part in Prolanis activities. The research was conducted in five work areas of community health centers in Jambi City. Quantitative data was analyzed using statistical software through descriptive statistical analysis stages. Qualitative data is summarized in an interview results matrix based on content. The results obtained were that the total costs borne by Prolanis participants due to hypertension and diabetes mellitus had decreased significantly while participating in Prolanis activities. The role of Prolanis for participants is to prevent complications from the disease they are suffering from, regulate the use of medication wisely, receive coordinated and routine disease treatment, and change to a healthier lifestyle. The role of Prolanis felt by participants has an impact on health expenses which can be reduced so that participants are free from catastrophic expenses. It is recommended that the Community Health Center as the technical implementing unit for Prolanis activities expand the scope of Prolanis participation in the work area and increase awareness of people suffering from chronic diseases to actively participate in Prolanis activities to prevent families from experiencing catastrophic spending.

Cost effectiveness analysis of ceftriaxone and levofloxacin for therapy of urinary tract infection at Soebandi public hospital

Background: An ideal therapeutic option should be effective and have a low cost. The first-line therapy of urinary tract infection (UTI) includes cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone. Objective: To find out which antibiotic therapy is more cost-effective between ceftriaxone and levofloxacin using a cost-effectiveness analysis test. Method: The study was conducted retrospectively using medical records and patient direct medical cost data for 2019 and 2020. The records of 21 patients met the inclusion criteria. Data processing and decision-making were carried out using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, average cost-effectiveness (ACER) calculations, and a cost-effectiveness grid. The outcome parameter used in a cost-effectiveness analysis was the percentage of effectiveness of empirical therapy. Result: The results showed that 61.9% of patients received ceftriaxone and 38.1% received levofloxacin. The average length of hospitalisation of UTI patients with levofloxacin therapy was shorter than those treated with ceftriaxone (four versus five days) with a p-value = 0.066. The average cost of ceftriaxone treatment was higher than that of levofloxacin (IDR 2,352,307 versus IDR 1,867,183). Based on statistical analysis carried out on each component of direct medical cost, the results were not significantly different between the cost of treatment with ceftriaxone or levofloxacin (p = 0.107). The percentage of effectiveness of empirical therapy using levofloxacin was higher than ceftriaxone (100% versus 90.5%). ACER value of total levofloxacin cost (IDR 18,672 per percentage effectiveness) has a lower value compared to ceftriaxone (IDR 26,000 per percentage effectiveness). Conclusion: Using the cost-effectiveness grid, levofloxacin is a more effective therapy, therefore the treatment of UTIs at Soebandi public hospital using levofloxacin are more cost-effective.

Global economic burden per episode for multiple diseases caused by group A Streptococcus

Considering the lack of existing evidence on economic burden for diseases caused by group A Streptococcus, we estimated the economic burden per episode for selected diseases. Each cost component of direct medical costs (DMCs), direct non-medical costs (DNMCs), and indirect costs (ICs) was separately extrapolated and aggregated to estimate the economic burden per episode by income group as classified by the World Bank. Adjustment factors for DMC and DNMC were generated to overcome related data insufficiencies. To address uncertainty surrounding input parameters, a probabilistic multivariate sensitivity was carried out. The average economic burden per episode ranged from $22 to $392 for pharyngitis, $25 to $2,903 for impetigo, $47 to $2,725 for cellulitis, $662 to $34,330 for invasive and toxin-mediated infections, $231 to $6,332 for acute rheumatic fever (ARF), $449 to $11,717 for rheumatic heart disease (RHD), and $949 to $39,560 for severe RHD across income groups. The economic burden for multiple Group A Streptococcus diseases underscores an urgent need to develop effective prevention strategies including vaccines.

Major drivers of healthcare system costs and cost variability for routine atrial fibrillation ablation.

Catheter ablation is an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF) but incurs significant financial costs to payers. Reducing variability may improve cost effectiveness. We aimed to measure (1) the components of direct and indirect costs for routine AF ablation procedures, (2) the variability of those costs, and (3) the main factors driving ablation cost variability. Using data from the University of Utah Health Value Driven Outcomes system, we were able to measure direct, inflation-adjusted costs of uncomplicated, routine AF ablation to the healthcare system. Direct costs were considered costs incurred by pharmacy, disposable supplies, patient labs, implants, and other services categories (primarily anesthesia support) and indirect costs were considered within imaging, facility, and electrophysiology lab management categories. A total of 910 patients with 1060 outpatient ablation encounters were included from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2020. Disposable supplies accounted for the largest component of cost with 44.8 ± 9.7%, followed by other services (primarily anesthesia support) with 30.4 ± 7.7% and facility costs with 16.1 ± 5.6%; pharmacy, imaging, and implant costs each contributed <5%. Direct costs were larger than indirect costs (82.4 ± 5.6% vs 17.6 ± 5.6%). Multivariable regression showed that procedure operator was the primary factor associated with AF ablation overall cost (up to 12% differences depending on operator). Direct costs and other services (primarily anesthesia) drive the majority costs associated with AF ablations. There is significant variability in costs for these routine, uncomplicated AF ablation procedures. The procedure operator, and not patient characteristic, is the main driver for cost variability.

DIRECT MEDICAL COST AND LENGTH OF STAY OF HYPERTENSION PATIENTS AT PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN YOGYAKARTA

The province that ranks fourth with the highest incidence of hypertension in Indonesia is the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). Hypertension therapy is carried out in a not short period, so it becomes an economic burden for people with hypertension and the government. This study aims to determine the relationship between the length of hospitalization and direct medical costs—an analytical observational research method with retrospective data collection and data from class III inpatient hypertensive medical records. The calculation of costs is viewed from a payer's perspective—descriptive and analytical data analysis to determine the relationship between the length of hospitalization and direct medical costs. The study's results of 41 patients met the criteria; 53.65% were women aged 22-59 years (53.65%). The most widely used antihypertensive drug was the combination of amlodipine + candesartan (26.82%). The average direct medical costs for hypertensive patients were IDR 7,039,515. The highest direct medical cost component is the cost of other drugs and medical equipment. The component of direct medical costs is the lowest cost of antihypertensive drugs. The average length of hospitalization for hypertensive patients is 6.14 days. There was a significant relationship (p=0.000) between the length of hospitalization and direct medical costs. The conclusion of this study is a significant relationship (p = 0.000) between the length of hospitalization and direct medical costs

The impact of poisoning in British Columbia: a cost analysis.

Poisoning, from substances such as illicit drugs, prescribed and over-the-counter medications, alcohol, pesticides, gases and household cleaners, is the leading cause of injury-related death and the second leading cause for injury-related hospital admission in British Columbia. We examined the health and economic costs of poisoning in BC for 2016, using a societal perspective, to support public health policies aimed at minimizing losses to society. Costs by intent, sex and age group were calculated in Canadian dollars using a classification and costing framework based on existing provincial injury data combined with data from the published literature. Direct cost components included fatal poisonings, hospital admissions, emergency department visits, ambulance attendance without transfer to hospital and calls to the British Columbia Drug and Poison Information Centre (BC DPIC) not resulting in ambulance attendance, emergency care or transfer to hospital. Indirect costs, measured as loss of earnings and informal caregiving costs, were also calculated. We estimate that poisonings in BC totalled $812.5 million in 2016 with $108.9 million in direct health care costs and $703.6 million in indirect costs. Unintentional poisoning injuries accounted for 84% of total costs, 46% of direct costs and 89% of indirect costs. Males accounted for higher proportions of direct costs for all patient dispositions except hospital admissions. Patients aged 25-64 years accounted for higher proportions of direct costs except for calls to BC DPIC, where proportions were highest for children younger than 15 years. Hospital care expenditures represented the largest direct cost of poisoning, and lost productivity following death represented the largest indirect cost. Quantifying and understanding the financial burden of poisoning has implications not only for government and health care, but also for society, employers, patients and families.

Economic burden of limited English proficiency: A prevalence-based cost of illness study of its direct, indirect, and intangible costs.

The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the economic burden of limited English proficiency (LEP) by estimating its direct, indirect, and intangible costs. A secondary objective was to assess the impact of variables on the economic burden. A cross-sectional single-arm descriptive study conducted in a learning disability clinic in a public medical college in Mumbai. The study cases (aged ≥8 years and ≤18 years) were recruited by non-probability sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to interview the parent to collect data related to direct and indirect costs. Intangible cost data were collected by documenting the willingness-to-pay value using the contingent valuation technique. A multivariate regression model was used to assess the impact of predictor variables on the costs. The direct, indirect, and intangible costs due to LEP were Indian Rupees (INR) 826,736, 3,828,220, and 1,906,300, respectively. Indirect costs comprised 82.2% of the total costs. Expenditure on tuition and remedial education comprised 39.86% and 14.08% of the indirect and direct costs, respectively. The average annual learning disability clinic costs were INR 2,169,146. The average annual total costs per student were INR 42,102. Higher socioeconomic status was predictive of increased "indirect costs", "total costs", and "intangible costs." LEP is a cost-intensive condition (indirect > intangible > direct costs). Non-medical costs are the costliest component of direct costs. Parental loss of earnings is the costliest component of indirect costs.

BIMBINGAN TEKNIS ANALISIS PENENTUAN HARGA JUAL BUSANA MUSLIM DAN MUSLIMAH PADA USAHA CITRA GALLERY DI KELURAHAN KAMBU KOTA KENDARI

This service activity aims to increase the understanding of business owners about determining the right price so that managers can increase their business turnover and managers can innovate and deal with working capital turnover. The method used is a lecture on business management, which consists of funding and working model turnover, and business innovation. Then guidance on determining the selling price. The results of this service show that the target audience can accept what the service team conveys. Business owners can also easily understand variable costs, fixed costs, direct and indirect cost components so that business owners can easily decide at what price to sell their merchandise in order to get a big profit. However, for the BEP method, the manager finds it difficult because it is considered complicated because so far the owner has determined prices based on available stock and standard prices between competitors. With this guidance, business owners find it helpful because so far in determining prices, they are only based on the owner's estimates.

EE173 Direct Cost Components of Lupus Nephritis in Brazilian Private Healthcare: An Expert Panel Approach

EE173 Direct Cost Components of Lupus Nephritis in Brazilian Private Healthcare: An Expert Panel Approach

Trends in resource utilization and cost of illness in patients with active epilepsy in Germany from 2003 to 2020.

This study was undertaken to calculate epilepsy-related direct, indirect, and total costs in adult patients with active epilepsy (ongoing unprovoked seizures) in Germany and to analyze cost components and dynamics compared to previous studies from 2003, 2008, and 2013. This analysis was part of the Epi2020study. Direct and indirect costs related to epilepsy were calculated with a multicenter survey using an established and validated questionnaire with a bottom-up design and human capital approach over a 3-month period in late 2020. Epilepsy-specific costs in the German health care sector from 2003, 2008, and 2013 were corrected for inflation to allow for a valid comparison. Data on the disease-specific costs for 253 patients in 2020 were analyzed. The mean total costs were calculated at €5551 (±€5805, median = €2611, range = €274-€21667) per 3months, comprising mean direct costs of €1861 (±€1905, median = €1276, range = €327-€13158) and mean indirect costs of €3690 (±€5298, median = €0, range = €0-€11925). The main direct cost components were hospitalization (42.4%), antiseizure medication (42.2%), and outpatient care (6.2%). Productivity losses due to early retirement (53.6%), part-time work or unemployment (30.8%), and seizure-related off-days (15.6%) were the main reasons for indirect costs. However, compared to 2013, there was no significant increase of direct costs (-10.0%), and indirect costs significantly increased (p<.028, +35.1%), resulting in a significant increase in total epilepsy-related costs (p<.047, +20.2%). Compared to the 2013study population, a significant increase of cost of illness could be observed (p=.047). The present study shows that disease-related costs in adult patients with active epilepsy increased from 2013 to 2020. As direct costs have remained constant, this increase is attributable to an increase in indirect costs. These findings highlight the impact of productivity loss caused by early retirement, unemployment, working time reduction, and seizure-related days off.

Direct Medical Cost Inpatient ACS-STEMI at Sardjito Hospital 2017-2018

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of human death worldwide. This disease is also a major burden in health financing, due to direct costs of treatment and hospitalization. One type of cardiovascular disease is Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). The incidence of ACS in Indonesia is still the highest with a prevalence rate of 7.2% and continues to increase every year. This study aimed to determine the average direct medical costs of new ACS-STEMI patients who are hospitalized at Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta period 2017-2018 and the factors that influence the cost of the treatment statistically. This research was an observational study with a descriptive retrospective research design using data from medical records and the finance (accounting) department. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling based on patients who met the inclusion criteria. A total of 495 patients matched the inclusion criteria and the average of the components of direct medical costs incurred by inpatients was IDR48,926,665 with an average length of stay of 5 days. Statistical test results showed that the categories of gender, age, and payment method were not significantly associated with the average total cost of care for ACS-STEMI patients (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;gt;0.05). Meanwhile, the categories of length of stay and treatment regimen were significantly correlated to the average total cost of care for ACS-STEMI patients (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05). The average total cost of new ACS-STEMI patients undergoing inpatient treatment amounted to IDR48,926,665 which was significantly influenced by the category of the length of hospitalization and therapeutic regimen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Burden of hospitalization for heart failure in the United States: a systematic literature review.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) affects approximately 6 million Americans, with prevalence projected to increase by 46% and direct medical costs to reach $53 billion by 2030. Hospitalizations are the largest component of direct costs for HF; however, recent syntheses of the economic and clinical burden of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To synthesize contemporary estimates of cost and clinical outcomes of HHF in the United States. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted using MEDLINE and Embase to identify articles reporting cost or charge per HHF in the United States published between January 2014 and May 2019. Subgroups of interest were those with both HF and renal disease or diabetes, as well as HF with reduced or preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF or HFpEF). RESULTS: 23 studies reporting cost and/or charge per HHF were included. Sample sizes ranged from 989 to approximately 11 million (weighted), mean age from 65 to 83 years, and 39% to 74% were male. Cost per HHF ranged from $7,094 to $9,769 (median) and $10,737 to $17,830 (mean). Charge per HHF ranged from $22,162 to $40,121 (median), and $50,569 to $50,952 (mean). Among patients with renal disease, HHF mean cost ranged from $9,922 to $41,538. For those with HFrEF or HFpEF, mean cost ranged from $11,600 to $17,779 and $7,860 to $10,551, respectively. No eligible studies were identified that reported HHF costs or charges among patients with HF and diabetes. Cost and charge per HHF increased with length of stay, which ranged from 3 to 5 days (median) and 4 to 7 days (mean). CONCLUSIONS: This synthesis demonstrates the substantial economic burden of HHF and the variability in estimates of this burden. Factors contributing to variability in estimates include length of stay, age and sex of the sample, HF severity, and frequencies of comorbidities. Further research into cost drivers of HHF is warranted to understand potential mechanisms to reduce associated costs. DISCLOSURES: This study was funded by Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals. Osenenko, Deighton, and Szabo are employees of Broadstreet HEOR, which received funds from Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals for this work. Kuti and Pimple are employees of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals. This study was presented in abstract form at the 2020 American Heart Association (AHA) Quality of Care and Outcomes Research (QCOR) 2020 Scientific Sessions (May 15-16, Virtual Meeting).