Theory Of Diplomacy Research Articles

Economic Diplomacy Strategy in Increasing Globally Competitive National Food to Realize a Golden Indonesia 2045

Economic diplomacy strategies are very important in establishing cooperation aimed at improving national economic development. Currently, food has become a commodity that is needed by every country to meet its country's needs. This can be maximized by Indonesia to compete globally to improve the quality of national food where Indonesia is a country that has abundant natural resources. The existence of global national food competitiveness helps economic growth so that it can improve people's welfare and make Indonesia golden in 2045. This research uses Economic Diplomacy Theory according to Kishan S. Rana (2007) divides the typology of economic diplomacy into four types, namely traditional, niche-focused, evolving, and innovative. The research aims to explain Indonesia's economic diplomacy strategy in increasing national food that is globally competitive to realize golden Indonesia 2045. The research uses a literature study method that involves analysis of relevant written sources. The results achieved show that economic diplomacy strategies are very important in improving national food that is globally competitive with careful and intelligent government policies in facing challenges and preparation in improving the quality of national food.

Empowering communities for peace: Multitrack strategies for sustainable peacebuilding in Africa

The paper discusses approaches and analyzes strategies that has the potential to effectively address the root causes of conflicts and promote long-lasting peace in Africa. The study utilizes the concept of multitrack diplomacy theory to explore various interventions and strategies that might contribute to the transformation and prevention of conflicts. It emphasizes the importance of comprehensive approaches that involve citizen diplomats, political elites, religious leaders, NGOs, the media, conflict resolution educators, and traditional rulers. The paper underscores the need to involve and empower local communities to give them a sense of ownership and authority over peacebuilding initiatives. Storytelling, interfaith activities, legal accountability, and education are recognized as useful methods for promoting reconciliation, preventing trauma, and developing the ability to resolve conflicts. The literature indicates that adopting a relationship-focused strategy, bolstered by multitrack diplomacy and local empowerment, can play a role in achieving lasting peace in Africa and other regions. The paper offers pragmatic insights for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders engaged in peacebuilding endeavors. It emphasizes the significance of promoting conversation, harmony, and shared comprehension while taking into account the specific requirements, objectives, and resolutions of the local community. By employing these tactics, individuals or groups with a vested interest in a particular issue can actively strive to bring an end to harmful disputes and facilitate inclusive processes of change that foster positive and enduring peace.

The Value of Islamic Religiosity in the Migration of Admiral Cheng Ho in Archipelago, Indonesia

This research aims to explain the value of Islamic religiosity in Admiral Cheng Ho's migration to Nusantara, Indonesia. This research uses library research. The descriptive analysis method collects, compiles, analyzes, and draws conclusions. The results showed that China communicated Islamic culture as an effective way to be accepted in the archipelago. The migration step of Chinese diplomacy through Admiral Cheng Ho is said to have reflected the "Clean Diplomacy" diplomacy theory by emphasizing that diplomacy focuses not only on the ends but also on the means, and all negotiation processes are equally important. The value of religiosity in life practiced by Admiral Cheng Ho, believing in Allah SWT, appreciating, and respecting the people in the archipelago, illustrates the behavior of loyalty to the Chinese ruler by spreading Islam in the archipelago through trade routes.

Promoting Indonesian Moderate Islam on the Global Stage: Non-State Actors’ Soft Power Diplomacy in the Post-New Order Era

This paper investigates why and how Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) have engaged in the soft power diplomacy of Islam in post-Suharto Indonesia and how they mobilise their vast resources and networks to do so. The nefarious effects of radical extremism have invited the Muslim world, including Indonesia, to revert to the notion of Islamic moderation, a justly balanced Islam (wasatiyyat Islam), and to promote it nationally and globally. In this sense, both state and non-state actors, such as Muhammadiyah and NU, have pulled themselves into soft power diplomacy. Drawing upon the lens of soft power and public diplomacy theory, this paper finds that Muhammadiyah and NU’s involvement in Indonesia’s soft power and public diplomacy is generated by shared interests in reinstalling a moderate identity at home and abroad. In this vein, through dialogues, cooperation, humanitarian action, and the establishment of special branches and sister organisations, the two most prominent Islamic institutions in Indonesia have attempted to internationalise the best practice of Indonesian Islam, rooted sociologically and historically in tolerance, openness, and temperance. This paper discovers that, although confronted by some weaknesses and challenges, Muhammadiyah and NU constantly attempt to craft global networks of moderate Islam and to recenter Indonesian Islam as a new centre of Islamic civilisation.

The Impact of Indonesia-China Nickel Cooperations on Indonesia’s Economy and Environment

As a country with abundant nickel potential, Indonesia possesses numerous advantages that have attracted China to expand its capital in the Indonesia. The collaboration between countries demonstrates the mutual national interests. Following the establishing of downstream policy through Ministerial Regulation No. 11 of 2019, the Indonesian Government has shown increased concern for optimizing its domestic nickel potential. This study examines the impact of cooperation between Indonesia's and China' in the nickel industry on Indonesia's economic growth and environment. It seeks to determine whether this cooperation benefit Indonesian people by fostering advancements in human resources indicators, infrastructure development, and presenting viable solution to environmental challenges through their joint efforts in the nickel industry or vice versa? The research method is qualitative, with critical approaches analyzed using economic diplomacy theory. The results shows that this cooperation positively impacts Indonesia's economic growth, especially in terms of increased employment, human resource development, and infrastructure development. However, it also presents new challenges on environmental issues. Indonesia's endeavors to address environmental problems stemming from the nickel industry involve pressuring China, as an investor, to uphold environmental standards within the mining areas.

DIPLOMASI PENDIDIKAN SABAH BRIDGE DALAM MEMENUHI HAK PENDIDIKAN BAGI ANAK PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA DI SABAH, MALAYSIA

This research was conducted to describe the role of Sabah Bridge in conducting educational diplomacy in fulfilling the educational rights of Indonesian migrant workers' children through educational diplomacy. Qualitative research methods, literature studies, interview techniques, and educational diplomacy theory involving non-government actors were carried out. The results of the study show that there are three results from Sabah Bridge's educational diplomacy with related parties: (1) the Indonesian government built the Kota Kinabalu Indonesian school in Malaysia; (2) immigration cooperation between the two countries to facilitate documents needed by PMI children; and (3) Sabah Bridge and the Government of Indonesia provide repatriation scholarships to continue higher education in Indonesia. This research confirms that through diplomacy non-state actors can contribute to the national interests of their countries

V. Securitas. Die Debatte um Unverletzlichkeit und Immunität in der politischen und Rechtstheorie der Diplomatie vom 13. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert

Summary Securitas. Debating Inviolability and Immunity in the Legal and Political Theory of Diplomacy, Thirteenth to Eighteenth Century. The essay examines the legal aspects of the transformation of the rules governing the protection of diplomatic agents from the ancient law of hospitality into treaties guaranteeing extraterritoriality. The transformation involved the shift of the derivation of these rules from natural to positive law around 1800. In material respects, it entailed the recasting of diplomatic agents catagorised as a specifically vulnerable group of professionals into a group of specially privileged representatives of sovereign states and their perceived interests.

Indonesian Efforts and Delays in Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT )License Implementation within the European Union

The purpose of this article is to analyze the factors contributing to Indonesia's evolving stance during negotiations for issuing FLEGT Licenses, employing qualitative research techniques and a single case study approach. Stephen Woolcock's Economic Diplomacy Theory is utilized as the analytical framework. This paper argues that structural, domestic, and ideological factors influence Indonesia's policy adjustments in response to the FLEGT license mechanism. The study reveals issues such as an imbalanced relationship between Indonesia and the EU in FLEGT implementation, policy inconsistencies among Indonesian governmental bodies involved, and perceptual discrepancies among stakeholders engaged in the process. The findings suggest that, in Indonesia's case, Woolcock's theory factors interact, with the pivotal relationship between interest and institutional variables within the domestic decision-making process significantly impacting changes in Indonesia's stance on economic diplomacy practices

Analysis of Cyber Diplomacy and its Challenges for the Digital Era Community

This paper looks at digital strategy and what it can do to promote a peaceful global local area in the age of computers. Cyberspace holds a key position and particular relevance in international affairs. This subject has gained popularity as most international entertainers have developed their global strategy and implemented various tactics to pursue their primary goals online. For instance, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' use of social media to promote the country, its policies, and its ideals are clear evidence of this. Unfortunately, not all online activities are calm. China and the US are at odds over cyber security, and two groupings of countries are vying for control of the field internationally. Because of this conflict of interest between the countries, cyber diplomacy is required to arbitrate and prevent open cyber war. Cyber diplomacy is an international practice that results from efforts to create an international cyber community by connecting the national interests of nations with the dynamics of the global community. To fulfill the traditional duties of diplomacy in cyberspace, such as promoting trust and peace among stakeholders, cyber diplomacy is to do so. This paper uses English School diplomacy theory to analyze the potential of cyber diplomacy for peaceful cyberspace use. Digital tact consists of two main components: an effort to prevent internet deterioration and a globally coordinated apparatus for creating common digital standards.

Introduction. Space Diplomacy: The Final Frontier of Theory and Practice

Summary A quantum leap is under way in space as a domain of human activity. The global space economy has rapidly reached almost USD450 billion in size and is projected to grow to over USD1 trillion by the 2040s. There are hundreds of actors involved, from space agencies to private companies to start-ups. Over 70 countries have space programmes and 14 have launch capabilities. These developments have involved intense transnational and international co-operation and competition, across both the public and private sectors. With such rapid changes underway, this article takes stock of how these developments impact international relations. Overall, this is the first special issue in the field of international relations to use theories of diplomacy to bring to light the various ways in which experts, scientists, astronauts, space enthusiasts and professional diplomats, among others, have shaped the formal and informal interactions among states in this key area of foreign policy.

Music as a Communication Factor in Foreign Policy

The relevance of this study is conditioned by the increasing importance of cultural channels of communication in the context of the globalisation of international socio-cultural space. The realities of the 21st century require a comprehensive analysis, considering the new foreign policy environment where multidirectional flows of international communication, including of media character, such as cinematography, theatre, TV, streaming, and music, are playing a qualitatively new role. This paper will therefore focus on the growing role of “cultural diplomacy” (hereafter without the quotes), expressed through the media interaction of sovereign and supranational actors at the international level. The purpose of the study is to establish or deny the impact of cultural diplomacy, including through musical performance, on foreign policy and political discourse at the international level. In the course of the study, primary data from original research by European and American authors was analysed and the heterogeneous structure of cultural diplomacy theory, expressed through the dialectical nature of positivism and theory criticism, was represented. The methodological basis used during the study is expressed in general scientific methods, which include the method of analysis, synthesis, generalisation, deduction and induction, and special – sociocultural, cultural-anthropological, and cultural-historical. The theoretical approach to the study of the multidimensional phenomenon of cultural diplomacy was based on constructivism, which best meets the objectives. Conclusions regarding the effectiveness of cultural diplomacy were drawn from the research. The field of music and diplomacy is far from being exhausted by the recent surge in scholarly attention and has the potential to grow exponentially. Coordinating a better understanding of past practices with an innovative and flexible approach to contemporary policy-making will create new opportunities to reconsider and redefine the role of music in the pursuit of sustainable diplomatic ties in the international arena.

Kajian Fenimisme Dalam Hubungan Internasional Kontemporer Studi Kasus : Peranan Beauty Vlogger Dalam Perdagangan Kosmetik Internasional

The researcher aims to describe the supply, potential, development, tourism diplomacy in Dieng Tourism Destinations. this Skripsi writing the author uses the basic framework of Tourism Diplomacy theory to achieve the interests tourism activities supported by various facilities and services. And the research method used through data collection techniques by means of interviews, documentation, internet and surveys with qualitative descriptive types. The collected data is then analyzed and grouped based on existing research problems. The results of the study show that Tourism Diplomacy in making Dieng International Tourism Destinations, consists of Diplomacy by Stakeholders and Diplomacy through Eent. Diplomacy by stakeholders includes: Stakeholders that have a direct influence on tourism activities, stakeholders who become community motivators, stakeholders in service providers and marketing and stakeholders who have an indirect influence on tourism activities. And diplomacy through events such as: DCF, Central Java Wow, Merdada Festiva

A systematic review on Post-Cold War Eastern European Patterns Led by Constructivism

This article will explain the reasons why the former European socialist countries chose to embrace the West after the drastic changes in Eastern Europe, and the post-Cold War Eastern European Patterns Led by constructivism. This will find a more plausible theory in the theory of international relations to explain what happened in a specific area in this specific historical period. Literature review is applied in this article to explore definitions of theories and specific policies and data across countries. This article uses some authoritative books on international relations, as well as materials from the World Trade Organization. Some of these materials are the most targeted data provided by the International Trade Organizations to indicate the policy tendency of former Yugoslav countries. In the article, the cases from different regions point out that constructivism is the most reasonable explanation for the former European socialist countries to embrace the West after the dramatic change in Eastern Europe. The article will provide some more specific policy trends in the history of the region for the situation in Eastern Europe that has gradually heated up in recent times. Under the influence of constructivism, the vast majority of former socialist countries in Eastern Europe invariably adopt pro-Western behaviors. There are many reasons for constructivism to become the mainstream theory of diplomacy in Eastern Europe, including the legacy of history and the influence of the "Iron Curtain".

DIPLOMASI PERDAGANGAN PALA MALUKU UTARA KE BELANDA PADA TAHUN 2015-2020


 The main supplier of Nutmeg imported by the Netherlands is the North Maluku region. However, in the period of 2016, the demnad for Nutmeg exports experienced a drastic decline due to regulations set by the European Union. This regulations is related to food safety and hygiene as stipulated by the RASFF (Rapid Alert System Food and Feed) which is a system owned by the European Union was noted that Indonesia recived several warnings regarding the Nutmeg comodity exported to the Netherlands that contained alflatoxin too much, which caused the export of Nutmeg from North Maluku to decline. The problem formulation of this research is how the trade diplmacy of North Maluku Nutmeg to Netherlands in 2015-2020. Thus research use the analysis of diplomacy theory with a focus on the concept of trade diplomacy and international trade theory. From this research, it can be conclude that the indonesian state must attach a health certificate from food supervisory agency stating that the exported from North Maluku Nutmeg comodity meets the maximum standard of aflatoxins. 
 

Revitalization of the Kuto Besak Fort in Palembang as an Indonesian Defense Heritage Asset

This research investigated the meaning of the revitalization process of colonial forts in Indonesia as defense heritage assets. This was a case study of the revitalization of Kuto Besak Fort in Palembang, South Sumatera. The researchers also analyzed the importance of studying defense heritage in defense diplomacy courses. The aim of this paper was to raise awareness about the defense heritage concept in Indonesia, as well as to create a framework that stakeholders could use to carry out the revitalization process. Qualitative methods were used through a literature review and examining references about the Kuto Besak revitalization process and Palembang history. Three theories were employed: the concept of defense heritage from Dr. Jeanne Francoise, defense diplomacy theory, and the revitalization definition from the Regional Revitalization Guidelines of the Indonesian Ministry of Public Works No.18/PRT/M/2010. It is hoped that this analysis can be used as an academic reference for the South Sumatera government to revitalize Kuto Besak fort, as well as to promote the idea of defense heritage in young people in Palembang, to increase their interest in the defense heritage values behind historical objects or buildings around them.
 Keywords: Indonesia, defense heritage, Kuto Besak fort, Palembang, South Sumatera, defense diplomacy, historical building, revitalization

Revisiting public diplomacy in a postpandemic world: The need for a humanity-centered communication logic

Professor R. S. Zaharna is a leading scholar in international communication and public diplomacy. She has witnessed the rapid development of public diplomacy since 2001 and has been committed to researching different communication logics in public diplomacy. In recent years, she has begun to explore the boundaries of public diplomacy theory, aiming to expand the conceptual scope of public diplomacy, advocating a relational shift in conventional public diplomacy studies, and reflecting on the limitations of the actor-centered approach in international communication. In this interview, Professor Zaharna shared her definition of public diplomacy and discussed how relations, connectivity, and interactivity will be indispensable in public diplomacy research and practice. She also analyzed the limitations of the actor-centered public diplomacy research and explained three communication logics in humanity-centered diplomacy. For her, humanity-centered public diplomacy responds to the needs of human societies, harnessing our capacity to collaborate in collective decision-making and problem-solving. In this case, communication is not about agency or control but about navigating the connectivity and interactivity made possible by digitalization, emphasizing horizontal social collaboration, and observing relational constellations and dynamics.

Iranian Nuclear Conflict -is Coercive Diplomacy Theory Working?

Iranian Nuclear Conflict -is Coercive Diplomacy Theory Working?

THE ROLE OF THE 18TH ASIAN GAME IN THE PEACE OF THE KOREAN PENINSULA

This journal examines the role of the 18th Asia Game as a diplomatic tool in the Korean peninsula conflict in 2018, specifically in promoting peace on the Korean Peninsula. This journal aims to describe and analyze the effectiveness of sports or Olympics affiliated with the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) as a unifying tool in pushing for reunification opportunities on the Korean Peninsula. The 18th Asian Games, on the other hand, has played an essential role in uniting North and South Korea into one unit under the same flag in a variety of ways that have had a positive impact on peace between the two countries. This study employs qualitative research methods, such as literature review and triangulation, to collect data. A descriptive-analytical approach was used to collect and analyze data. This study's analysis employs sports diplomacy theory to examine the effectiveness of sports in resolving conflicts on the Korean Peninsula. Because the current state of the Korean peninsula has not entirely resulted in the ideals of the two countries' reunification, the theory of sports diplomacy can identify the factors that support the reduced intensity of the Korean Peninsula's cold war. One of the factors is the role of sport as a tool of sports diplomacy, which has increased opportunities for promoting peace and conflict resolution to reach a peace agreement between the two parties and eventually lead to reunification.

Indonesian Defense Diplomacy Strategy in Trilatel Cooperative Arrangement (Port visit Indomalphi 2017-2019)

The Sulu-Sulawesi Sea is a strategic trade route so that it becomes one of the policy priorities. Strategic value does not necessarily bring benefits, but also brings security threats such as piracy, piracy and kidnapping with a ransom demand. In an effort to overcome this, since 2017 the Trilateral Cooperative Arrangement in the Port Visit scheme has been built between the three countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The purpose of this study is to analyze the form of Port Visit cooperation and to analyze the Indonesian Defense Diplomacy Strategy in this cooperation. This research uses defense theory, strategy theory, and defense diplomacy theory. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis research method. The data collection carried out in this study used primary data through interviews and secondary data from a literature review of journals, books, reports, and internet-based sources. The Trilateral Port Visit Indomalphi cooperation is a response in dealing with transnational crimes in the Sulu-Sulawesi Sea area. With various series of activities, this cooperation plays an important role in efforts to maintain regional security and stability and provides the authority to maintain the safety of all Indonesian citizens as mandated by the law. The Indonesian Defense Diplomacy Strategy in the Indomalphi Port Visit is aimed at increasing mutual trust and military capacity in terms of coordination, communication and piracy capture training. Therefore, the defense diplomacy strategy in this study can be said to have fulfilled the two main characters of defense diplomacy, namely; defense diplomacy to build mutual trust (CBMs) and defense diplomacy to build defense capacity (CB).

STRATEGI DIPLOMASI PERTAHANAN INDONESIA DALAM KERJA SAMA TRILATERAL COOPERATIVE ARRANGEMENT (PORT VISIT INDOMALPHI 2017-2019)

The Sulu-Sulawesi Sea is a strategic trade route so that it becomes one of the policy priorities. Strategic value does not necessarily bring benefits, but also brings security threats such as piracy, piracy and kidnapping with a ransom demand. In an effort to overcome this, since 2017 the Trilateral Cooperative Arrangement in the Port Visit scheme has been built between the three countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The purpose of this study is to analyze the form of Port Visit cooperation and to analyze the Indonesian Defense Diplomacy Strategy in this cooperation. This research uses defense theory, strategy theory, and defense diplomacy theory. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis research method. The data collection carried out in this study used primary data through interviews and secondary data from a literature review of journals, books, reports, and internet-based sources. The Trilateral Port Visit Indomalphi cooperation is a response in dealing with transnational crimes in the Sulu-Sulawesi Sea area. With various series of activities, this cooperation plays an important role in efforts to maintain regional security and stability and provides the authority to maintain the safety of all Indonesian citizens as mandated by the law. The Indonesian Defense Diplomacy Strategy in the Indomalphi Port Visit is aimed at increasing mutual trust and military capacity in terms of coordination, communication and piracy capture training. Therefore, the defense diplomacy strategy in this study can be said to have fulfilled the two main characters of defense diplomacy, namely; defense diplomacy to build mutual trust (CBMs) and defense diplomacy to build defense capacity (CB).