Kaki Cv Research Articles

Metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveal high solar irradiance inhibited the melanin formation in persimmon fruit peel

During fruit development of Diospyros kaki cv. ‘Heishi’, the peel color changed to orange-red when undergone high solar irradiance, which was different from turning black in normal condition. Limited information on this phenomenon of persimmon fruit has been reported. In the present study, we explored ‘Heishi’ persimmon fruit under two conditions of extreme solar irradiance during development. Their peel characteristics were evaluated, including organelle ultra-structure, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, transcriptome profile, and metabolomics. The results showed that high solar irradiance severely degraded or ruptured chloroplast, and most of the analyzed metabolites were higher accumulated in high solar irradiance stressed peel than in the normal tissues. Significantly accumulated phenolics and carotenoids may contribute to photoprotection by scavenging high solar irradiance stress triggered ROS products. RNA-Seq analysis showed that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the accumulation of the analyzed metabolites were up-regulated under stress. The stress also significantly inhibited PPO activity at stages of melanin formation. The reduced melanin and significantly accumulated carotenoids (especially lycopene and β-carotene) finally resulted in orange-red fruit peel.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Diospyros kaki cv. Luotiantianshi

Diospyros kaki cv. Luotiantianshi is a rare germplasm of Diospyros Linn in the world. In this study, we generated the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of D. kaki cv. Luotiantianshi. The complete cp genome was 157,773 bp in length, containing a large single copy region (LSC) of 87,066 bp, a small single copy region (SSC) of 18,529 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,089 bp. The new sequence has a total of 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Further, phylogenetic analysis showed that the D. kaki cv. Luotiantianshi has a close relationship with Diospyros kaki. This study provides important information for future evolution, genetic and molecular biology studies of Diospyros.

Development of cracks in early-harvested persimmon cultivar and their reduction by preharvest treatments

ABSTRACT Diospyros Kaki Cv (Qiyuezao) 117 is an early ripening persimmon cultivar, ready to be harvested in August. One of the pitfalls of this cultivar is the development of cracks on its surface. These cracks turn brown after astringency removal, preventing the commercialisation of this cultivar. Pre-harvest treatment with Superlon™ (containing benzyl adenine (BA) + gibberellic acid (GA4+7) at 40 mg/L of each) or Turbo™ (containing Thidiazuron (TDZ) at 5 mg/L) reduced cracks of different maturity fruit (green, green orange, and orange fruit) at harvest and following 5 days of astringency removal. Cracks remained low in the Plant growth regulators (PGRs)-treated fruit also following three months of storage. The PGRs treatments also reduced damage and Alternaria infection, developed during storage. Although fruit lost their firmness during storage, the PGRs-treated fruit remained firmer. Both PGRs treatments increased the number of cells in the peel. Thidiazuron was as effective as BA+GA4+7 treatment at eight times lower concentration of each of the compounds. Hence, in-orchard TDZ treatment can be used to reduce persimmon cracks.

Polyphenol oxidase plays a critical role in melanin formation in the fruit skin of persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. 'Heishi').

In this study, the melanin in persimmon and its formation were investigated. Melanin was found to be deposited on the cell walls of the upper epidermis and subepidermal cells in persimmon skin and the isolated pigment appears to have lamellar structures. Diagnostic analysis of the isolated pigment showed results that were similar to those of melanin from other sources. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy revealed that the extracted skin pigment displayed a broadband, structureless absorption profile that increased progressively towards shorter wavelengths. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy assay revealed that melanin in persimmon skin exhibits many characteristic absorption peaks. The phenolic profile analysis suggested that the precursors of this pigment may include gallic acid, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, ferulic acid and epigallocatechin gallate. The PPO activity and DkPPO expression significantly increased during melanin formation, and transient overexpression of DkPPO promoted melanin synthesis. These results indicate that the isolated pigment was a type of melanin and that PPO plays a critical role in its formation.

PE 필름 두께와 온도에 따른 ‘상감둥시’ 감의 MAP 탈삽 효과

We investigated the effect of PE film thickness on the modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) deastringency of ‘Sanggamdungsi’ (Diospyros kaki cv.) astringent persimmon at room temperature (25°C) and low temperature (-1°C). The fruits were individually packaged with PE film of which the thickness is 60, 80, 100, 115 or 130 μm and stored at room or low (-1°C) temperature. At room temperature, firmness shows the highest value (23.3-26.5) at 100 μm thickness. Top flesh browning and decay was monitored at 20 days after storage, and peel blackening and style-end softening was negligible at optimal thickness. Therefore, optimal film thickness of deastringency at room temperature is 80-100 μm. At this thickness, the astringency was removed after 5 days and the fruits can be distributed until 10 days after the MAP. At low (-1°C) temperature, firmness was maintained regardless of film thickness. However, the firmness is higher as the film is thicker. Top flesh browning and decay was not occurred even after 90 days after storage. Peel blackening and style-end softening was monitored at 90 days after storage. Off-flavor was monitored at 115 and 130 μm thickness. Therefore, optimal film thickness of deastringency at low (-1°C) temperature is 80-100 μm. At this thickness, the astringency was removed after 50 days and the fruits can be distributed until 80 days after the MAP.

Mathematical Modeling of Drying Kinetics of Persimmon Fruits (Diospyros kakicv. Fuyu)

The purpose of this study was to study the modeling of the osmo-convetive drying kinetic and determine the effective mass diffusivity coefficient of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu) fruits. The fruit was subjected to osmo-convective drying at three different temperatures (50, 55, and 60C) and 10 different thin-layer semiempirical mathematical models were adjusted to experimental data. Then, according to the highest correlation coefficient (R2) and the least χ2 analysis the attained results showed the Midilli's model as the best option to describe the experimental data at the studied temperatures. In addition, the effective mass diffusivity coefficients were 1.04 × 10−6, 1.40 × 10−6, and 8.27 × 10−7 m2/s at 50, 55, and 60C, respectively. These results can be interesting to food data collection, drying equipment design and to support technical research in food process simulation. Practical Applications The osmo-convective drying process is widely used for foods dried production or with reduced water content. In fact, the post-harvest losses can be avoided, since that dried persimmon by osmo-convective drying, exhibit a good quality and extended shelf-life. Thus, the application of mathematical models to describe experimental data of this drying process achieves great practical importance because the number of laboratory tests can be reduced and it makes possible to obtain important parameters such as drying time, mass diffusion coefficient, among others, necessary to conception of processes and dryers.

Antioxidant activity of water extracts of persimmon flower buds

Fresh, naturally dried, and artificially dried persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu) flower buds (PFBs) were extracted with deionized water (1 g/100 mL) at five temperatures (60, 70, 80, 90, and 100°C) for 4 soaking times (30, 60, 120, and 180 s). DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were enhanced with increasing extraction time and temperature. Extraction time and temperature in fresh PFB extract led to little differences in total phenolic contents (TPCs). However, naturally and artificially dried PFB extracts significantly changed TPCs. The extracts of artificially dried PEB for 180 s at 100°C contained the highest TPC: 43.07 μg gallic acid equivalents/g. These results suggest that the drying method and soaking condition are important for the application of PFBs to a functional food material.

Control of alternaria black spot in persimmon fruit by a mixture of gibberellin and benzyl adenine, and its mode of action

In Israel, alternaria black spot (ABS) disease, caused by Alternaria alternata, is the main postharvest factor that reduces quality and impairs storability of persimmon fruit Diospyros kaki cv. Triumph. The fungus infects the fruit in the orchard and remains quiescent until harvest, or renews its development just before harvest, following rain or high humidity; it then preferentially colonizes the stem-end of the fruit. Recent findings suggest the importance of ethylene and respiration during early fruit growth as factors influencing maturity, crack development, and occurrence of ABS in the stem end of the fruit. We tested the effects of the growth regulator Superlon, a mixture of gibberellin (GA4+7) and benzyl adenine (BA), applied at 40μgmL−1 once a month during three consecutive months, on fruit physiological responses during growth and on ABS occurrence during storage at 0°C. Superlon treatments during the early stages of fruit growth, i.e., starting 40 days after fruit set (daf), applied once monthly during three consecutive months, inhibited ethylene and CO2 production in the stem end. Treatments applied starting 100daf enhanced cell proliferation under the fruit cuticle. Regardless of application timing, Superlon delayed chlorophyll degradation, and reduced fruit cuticle cracking and ABS susceptibility during the late stages of fruit growth and during storage. Present results suggest that the phytohormone, acting as a modulator of host physiological responses that result in delayed fruit maturation, is a main factor in enhanced resistance to ABS at harvest and during storage.

The mechanism of differential susceptibility to alternaria black spot, caused by Alternaria alternata, of stem- and bottom-end tissues of persimmon fruit

In Israel, alternaria black spot (ABS), caused by Alternaria alternata, is the main postharvest factor that reduces quality and impairs storability of persimmon fruit Diospyros kaki cv. Triumph. The fungus infects the fruit in the orchard and remains quiescent until harvest, or starts development just before harvest, following rain or high humidity. During 2–3 months of storage at 0°C, the pathogen colonizes the fruit, eliciting ABS symptoms. Susceptibility of the fruit to A. alternata attack is characterized by colonization in the upper, stem-end tissue, in contrast to lack of development at the bottom end. Comparison between the physiology of the stem-end and the bottom-end tissues showed greater production of ethylene and CO2 in the former during early stages of fruit growth, and greater cracked areas and reduced chlorophyll levels in the later stages of growth, before harvest. Increasing fruit weight by increasing irrigation in the orchard enhanced the cracked area and susceptibility to ABS during growth and at harvest. Wound inoculation enhanced ABS colonization in both ends of the fruit, but more significantly in the upper stem end. The present results suggest that the differential susceptibility to ABS during storage is caused by a differential ripening process, and possibly, by increased maturity at the stem end, leading to cracking and increased ABS development.

Le syndrome orange-cyprès

In Israel, alternaria black spot (ABS), caused by Alternaria alternata, is the main postharvest factor that reduces quality and impairs storability of persimmon fruit Diospyros kaki cv. Triumph. The fungus infects the fruit in the orchard and remains quiescent until harvest, or starts development just before harvest, following rain or high humidity. During 2–3 months of storage at 0 °C, the pathogen colonizes the fruit, eliciting ABS symptoms. Susceptibility of the fruit to A. alternata attack is characterized by colonization in the upper, stem-end tissue, in contrast to lack of development at the bottom end. Comparison between the physiology of the stem-end and the bottom-end tissues showed greater production of ethylene and CO2 in the former during early stages of fruit growth, and greater cracked areas and reduced chlorophyll levels in the later stages of growth, before harvest. Increasing fruit weight by increasing irrigation in the orchard enhanced the cracked area and susceptibility to ABS during growth and at harvest. Wound inoculation enhanced ABS colonization in both ends of the fruit, but more significantly in the upper stem end. The present results suggest that the differential susceptibility to ABS during storage is caused by a differential ripening process, and possibly, by increased maturity at the stem end, leading to cracking and increased ABS development.

Irrigation influences on growth, yield, and water use of persimmon trees

A 3-year irrigation trial provided basic information on the response of persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Triumph) water use and development to irrigation levels. Constant experimental factors applied to recommended “baseline” crop factors resulted in ratios of irrigation (I) to FAO56 reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) ranging from 0.35 to 1.14. Vegetative and reproductive growth, sap flow, stem water potential (SWP), and local climate were monitored. An overall increase in yield and vegetative growth in response to irrigation was found, which suggests a potential yield increase for higher irrigation levels (40 tons/ha for annual irrigation of 1,000 mm). At high irrigation, the yield response curve levelled off and the marginal contribution of additional water declined. The up to threefold increase in number of fruits with irrigation, with no influence on natural abscission, suggests that differences in fruit quantities stem from response to irrigation at the earlier growth stages. Mean fruit size and fruit quality, as indicated by the ratio of rejected fruit, increased with irrigation up to I/ET0 of ~0.8. Relative yield increased linearly with relative transpiration. However, post-harvest quality was not influenced. SWP, sap flow, and non-transpirable water fractions indicated that the seasonal irrigation tables were not well tuned. Initial adjustments were made during the final season of the experiment and a new table was developed based on our results. The new table should be a basis for further trials.

Characterization and origination of the pigment that causes postharvest skin blackening in Fuyu persimmon fruit

The skin blackening of Fuyu persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. ‘Fuyu’) fruit significantly affects its postharvest quality. In this study, the pigment that causes this skin blackening was characterized, and its origin was identified. The pigment was mainly deposited either on the cell wall or in the intercellular spaces of cells around the sclerenchymal cells in skin tissue. A visible light absorption test showed the pigment to be similar to melanin. Washing of the blackened skin tissue with varied solvents revealed a black insoluble residue. When alkali fused, the residue produced benzoic and benzene acetic acid, which are minimal in the residue of normal skin tissue. It was hypothesized the black pigment that causes skin blackening in persimmon fruits to be a kind of allomelanin. Persimmon skin tissue contained a large amount of catechin and epicatechin. These phenolic compounds not only converted easily to black pigments by enzymatic oxidation in vitro, but their pigments also produced the same alkali fusion products as the pigment acquired from blackened skin tissue. It was concluded that the black allomelanin pigment deposited in skin tissue of persimmon fruits likely originates from either catechin or epicatechin and that benzoic acid and benzene acetic acid could be used as indices for the allomelanin.

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Portuguese Diospyrus Kaki Fruit by Geographical Origins

Lately, several studies have demonstrated the health benefits associated with natural compounds consumption. Fruit phenolics, lycopene and ascorbic acid, have strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimugenic and anticarcinogenic activities. In the present study parameters related to fruit quality and climacteric conditions, such as color, moisture, pH, water activity, total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and lycopene content were analyzed. Diospyros kaki cv. chocolate fruits were extracted with different solvents, such as methanol, ethanol and water. Total polyphenolics of each extract determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method were found to be higher in methanolic extract (106.2 mg/100g sample) and lower in ethanol (21.9 mg/100g sample) considering Diospyros fruits with peel. The antioxidant activity (AA) was evaluated by an in vitro model system trough 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (DPPH•) assay. Significant variations were found in the levels of these parameters according to different geographic regions. It was possible to describe correlations between the antioxidant compounds (polyphenolics, ascorbic acid and lycopene) and the antioxidant activity. Aqueous solvent was more effective on the extraction of antioxidant compounds from Portuguese Diospyros fruits with 52% radical scavenging activity. Results support the importance of Diospyros kaki cv. chocolate fruits, Portuguese cultivar, as a functional food with high antioxidant potential that may have beneficial effects against oxidative human damage.

Antioxidative Properties of Different Solvent Extracts from Persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu) Flower-Buds

After preparation of acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water extracts (10 g/300 mL) of dried persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu) flower-buds, total phenolic contents (TPC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (RSA), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) RSA, reducing power (RP), and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the extracts were evaluated. The methanol extracts produced the highest TPC (113.39 ㎎ gallic acid equivalents/g), DPPH RSA (IC<SUB>50</SUB> = 40.25 ㎍/mL), ABTS RSA (IC<SUB>50</SUB> = 58.17 ㎍/mL) and RP (IC<SUB>50</SUB> = 69.43 ㎍/mL) activities while the water extracts generated the lowest values. The ethanol extract showed the highest tyrosinase inhibitor activity (88.90%) at a concentration of 1 ㎎/mL. These results indicated that persimmon flower-buds may be a useful source of natural antioxidants.

Combined effects of leaf/fruit ratios and N and K fertigation levels on growth and distribution of nutrients in pot-grown persimmon trees

Responses of pot-grown persimmon trees ( Diospyros kaki cv. ‘Fuyu’) with two different leaf/fruit (L/F) ratios and three different fertigation levels were studied. On July 2, the L/F ratios of 4-year-old trees were adjusted to 20 and 10 by fruit thinning. From July 4 to August 26, each pot was fertigated with a solution containing 0–0 g (none), 10–8 g (medium), or 20–16 g (high) of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), respectively. The L/F ratio of 10 resulted in higher yields but smaller fruits containing lower soluble solids than the ratio of 20. The non-fertigated trees with the L/F ratio of 10 produced the smallest fruits, but the medium fertigation increased the size of the fruit at this ratio. The high fertigation level decreased fruit skin color at both ratios. Fruit dry weight increased the most among the tree components, accounting for 48–57% of the tree total dry weight at the L/F ratio of 20 and for 64–72% at the ratio of 10. The increase in tree total dry weight at the ratio of 10 was greater than that at the ratio of 20. The trees receiving medium fertigation had higher tree total dry weights than those receiving high fertigation, especially at the ratio of 10. As the L/F ratio changed to 10 from 20, the percentages of N and K partitioned to fruits in the non-fertigated trees increased from 38% to 51% and from 67% to 96%, respectively, of the tree total N and K increases; the percentage decreased with increasing fertigation level. Although fertigation significantly increased total N and K contents of the tree, the increase in K at the ratio of 10 was less in high fertigation rather than in the medium level. The results indicated that adjusting supplemental N and K was necessary to ensure fruit growth and N and K accumulation for trees with high fruit loads, but high levels of fertigation are not necessarily preferable.

Biology of Colletotrichum horii, the causal agent of persimmon anthracnose

Colletotrichum horii causes serious anthracnose on persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Wuheshi). The taxon was previously identified as C. gloeosporioides and only recently revealed to be C. horii based on molecular data and comparisons to type specimens. This fungus provides an important new model for examining plant–fungus interactions in the perennial persimmon crop. In this paper, we review available information on C. horii, with special focus on symptoms, morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analysis, host-specificity and pathogenicity testing, infection processes, and the effects of environment factors on anthracnose development, including a discussion on future prospects.

Integration of pre- and postharvest treatments for the control of black spot caused by Alternaria alternata in stored persimmon fruit

In Israel, black spot caused by Alternaria alternata is the main postharvest factor that impairs the quality and reduces the storability of persimmon fruit ( Diospyros kaki cv. Triumph). The fungus infects the fruit in the orchard and remains quiescent until harvest. After harvest, the pathogen slowly colonizes the fruit during storage at 0 °C, which elicits black spot symptom development 2–3 months after storage entry. A commercial postharvest dip treatment in chlorine at 500 mg L −1, released from sodium troclosene tablets, effectively controlled black spot in fruit stored for up to 2 months. However, decay incidence increased as the length of storage was extended beyond 2.5 months. The long incubation period that precedes black spot symptom development after harvest enabled the development of a series of integrative approaches for application at the pre- and postharvest stages, in combination with the commercial chlorine dip treatment, to improve the control of black spot disease. Preharvest treatments included treatment with the cytokinin-like N 1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)- N 3-phenylurea (CPPU) 30 d after fruit set, or a single spray with the curative fungicide polyoxin B 14 d before harvest, and when one of these was applied in combination with the postharvest chlorine dip treatment, the black spot infected area was reduced by 3 and 60%, respectively, compared with the chlorine dip alone. At the postharvest stage, fogging during storage, or post-storage on-line spraying with sodium troclosene, when applied in combination with the postharvest chlorine dip, improved the percentage of marketable fruit by 2 or 10%, respectively, compared with the chlorine dip alone. The results indicate that postharvest pathogens that show a slow colonization pattern might enable the integration of pre- and postharvest disease control methods to improve quality and reduce postharvest disease development.

P.2.d.003 The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid suppresses neuroinflammatory responses and induces heme oxygenase-1 expression in BV-2 microglia

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Jiro) was transformed with the gene encoding the pear fruit (Pyrus communis) polygalacturonase inhibiting protein (PGIP) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101. Two plasmid constructions were used for transformation; pDU94.0928 containing chimeric genes of PGIP, GUS and NPTII in its T-DNA region, and pYS95.091 containing only the GUS and NPTII sequences (control transformations). Among 165 callus lines obtained from infection by A. tumefaciens with pDU94.0928, 15 showed GUS activity. A PGIP gene fragment of 132 bp was amplified by PCR in nine of 15 callus lines. Shoots were regenerated from three of the nine PGIP-containing callus lines. The transformation of the regenerated shoots was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses using NTPII, GUS and pear PGIP probes. PGIP expression in shoot tissues was analyzed by western blot analysis. The protein expression was observed in all three shoot lines regenerated from transformed calli with the PGIP gene. Fungal PG activity was inhibited by crude extracts from shoots transformed with the PGIP gene substantially more than by those from the control transformants obtained from the transformation with pYS95.091.

First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum acutatum on Persimmon Fruit in the United States.

Persimmon trees are important for their fruit as well as their colorful fruit and foliage in the fall. Persimmon fruit (Japanese persimmon, Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu) were collected in November 2008 from a tree in Windsor, NC, located in the Coastal Plain. Fruit were not symptomatic on the tree but developed dark lesions after harvest. Isolations from six fruit yielded seven isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum J. H. Simmonds. After incubation at 25°C under continuous light for 15 days on potato dextrose agar (PDA), all isolates had gray aerial mycelium, but the inverse sides of the plates of six isolates were maroon and one was beige. Masses of salmon-colored conidia were formed first in the center of the colonies, then were observed scattered across the colonies in older cultures. Conidia were hyaline, one-celled, elliptic with one or both ends pointed, and measured 8.1 to 16.3 × 3.1 to 5 μm. Setae and sclerotia were not observed. There were also dark structures measuring 1 to 10 mm that were partially embedded in the agar that contained conidia. Cultural and conidial characteristics of the isolates were similar to those of C. acutatum (3). PCR amplification was performed with the species-specific primer pair CaInt2/ITS4 (2) and genomic DNA from the original isolates and isolates obtained from inoculated fruit. An amplification product of approximately 490 bp, which is specific for C. acutatum, was observed. To fulfill Koch's postulates, persimmon fruit obtained from the grocery store were surface disinfested with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and sterile filter paper disks dipped in conidial suspensions (1 × 105 conidia/ml) of two C. acutatum isolates (maroon and beige reverse) or sterile, deionized water were placed on the fruit. Three fruit were inoculated per treatment and the disks were placed on four locations on each fruit. Parafilm was wrapped around the diameter of the fruit to keep the filter paper disks moist and in place. Fruit were placed in moist chambers and incubated at 25°C. After 3 days, the Parafilm was removed and the fruit returned to the moist chambers. Small, dark lesions were observed on fruit inoculated with each isolate of C. acutatum when the filter paper disks were removed. Ten days after inoculation, dark lesions and acervuli with salmon-colored masses of conidia were observed on fruit inoculated with both isolates of C. acutatum and the fruit were soft. After 12 days, there were abundant masses of conidia and the inoculated areas were decayed. Control fruit remained firm and did not develop symptoms. Cultures obtained from the fruit and the conidia produced were typical of the isolates used to inoculate the fruit. C. acutatum has been reported to cause fruit rot on persimmon fruit in New Zealand (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. acutatum on persimmon fruit in the United States.

장성 대봉감의 부위별 메탄올 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 항암 활성

장성 대봉감을 부위별(과육, 껍질, 심, 씨, 꼭지)로 세분하여 메탄올 추출물을 제조한 후 항산화 활성과 항암 활성을 조사하였다. 총 페놀 함량은 씨＞꼭지＞껍질＞과육＞심의 순위였으며, 항산화 활성에 관해 분석한 항목인 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ABTS 라디칼 소거능, 환원력은 모든 경우에서 씨＞꼭지＞과육＞껍질＞심의 순위로 나타났다. 인간 유래 대장암 세포주에 대한 대봉감 추출물의 항암 활성은 꼭지＞씨＞껍질＞심＞과육의 순서로 측정되었으며, 꼭지 부위 추출물은 농도의존적으로 항암 활성을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 장성 대봉감의 씨와 꼭지에서 항산화 활성과 항암 활성이 확인되어 이들 부산물을 유용하게 이용할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다.