Dimethyl Sulphoxide Concentration Research Articles

The Investigation of the Subtle Structural Discrepancies between Oryza Sativa Recombinant and Plasma-Derived Human Serum Albumins to Design a Novel Nanoparticle as a Taxane Delivery System.

To solve the large size faultiness of Oryza sativa recombinant human serum albumin nanoparticle (OsrHSA NP), the structural discrepancies between OsrHSA and plasma-derived human serum albumin (pdHSA) were analyzed deeply in this research. It demonstrated that there were some subtle structural discrepancies located in subdomain IA and IIA between OsrHSA and pdHSA, which included peptide backbone, disulphide bridge and some amino acids. Firstly, the structural discrepancies were investigated through literature comparison, it inferred that the structural discrepancies resulted from the fatty acid (FA) binding to OsrHSA at site 2 of subdomain IA and IIA. To form a cavity for accommodation of FA molecule in OsrHSA, the peptide backbone structure of subdomain IA and IIA would change, accompanied by the conformational transition of disulphide bridges and side chain structure change of some amino acids in subdomain IA and IIA. These alterations induced the exposure of tryptophan (Trp) and tyrosine (Tyr) residues in subdomain IA and IIA and the decrease of net negative charges of molecular surface. The former would promote more OsrHSA molecules aggregate, and the latter would weaken the electrostatic repulsion. As a result, the size of OsrHSA NP was more extensive than that of pdHSA NP (175.84 ± 15.63nm vs. 31.67 ± 1.31nm) when the concentration of Dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO) was 30% (v/v). In this study, the experimental scheme of OsrHSA NP preparation was improved. There were two changes in the enhanced preparation scheme: pH 8.2 PBS buffer and 63% DMSO. It indicated that the improved OsrHSA NP carrier was comparable to the pdHSA NP carrier. The size and drug loading of paclitaxel-loaded improved OsrHSA NP were 53.57 ± 3.63nm and 7.25 ± 0.46% (w/w), and those of docetaxel-loaded improved OsrHSA NP were 44.75 ± 2.26nm and 8.43 ± 0.74% (w/w). Moreover, both NPs exhibited good stability for 168h at 7.4 pH values. It is established that the improved OsrHSA NP is comparable to the pdHSA NP as a taxane delivery system.

Cryopreservation of human T lymphocytes under fast cooling with controlled ice nucleation in cryoprotective solutions of low toxicity

Cryopreservation of human T lymphocytes has become an essential tool for some cell-based immunotherapy. However, the cryopreservation procedure of the cells has not been systematically studied. In particular, the key factors of ice seeding and cryoprotective agents (CPA) driving the success of cryopreservation remain unclear. We systematically investigated the key factors, including cooling rate, ice-seeding temperature, CPA concentration, and types of CPA, during cryopreservation of human T lymphocytes with controlled ice nucleation. We found that ice seeding at below −10 °C could enable human T lymphocytes to be cooled at 90 °C min−1 with high relative viability and recovery after rewarming, 94.9% and 90.2%, respectively, which are significantly higher than those without ice seeding (P < 0.001). After optimization, the concentration of dimethyl sulphoxide was as low as 2% (v/v) with relative viability and recovery of 95.4% and 100.8%, respectively, at the cooling rate of 90 °C min−1 after ice seeding at −16 °C. The cryopreservation procedure developed in this study could facilitate the understanding of the mechanism for ice seeding and cell injury and offer a promising cryopreservation method with a high cooling rate and extremely low toxicity for extensive clinical application of immunotherapy.

Photocatalytic degradation of dimethyl sulphoxide by CdS/TiO2 core/shell catalyst: A novel measurement method

AbstractIn the present research, the photocatalytic degradation of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) by means of CdS/TiO2 core/shell nanocomposite was investigated and modelled for the direct measurement of degradation rate. Instead of common measurement methods, liquid freezing point measurement was used in order to determine the rate of DMSO decomposition. To model the photocatalytic behaviour, two empirical‐statistical equations based on photocatalytic retention time, amount of catalyst and pollutant were introduced. The effect of parameters such as retention time, amount of catalyst and pollutant were studied by statistical methods. The design of experiments, acquisition and optimization of statistical models was performed by response surface methodology (RSM) through central composite design (CCD). The rates of disappearance fitted the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood kinetics model and the parameter k was determined to be up to 0.0105 per minute for a low concentration and 0.0073 per minute for a high concentration of DMSO. In addition, more than 85% degradation of 1% DMSO was attained by 8% catalyst in 150 minutes. Finally, the accuracy and consistency of the statistical models was verified by the HPLC method and ~ ± 2.7% difference was observed. The other results indicate that the CdS/TiO2 nano photocatalyst can efficiently remove dimethyl sulphoxide from wastewater under visible light irradiation.

Evaluation of a new freezing protocol containing 20% dimethyl sulphoxide concentration to cryopreserve human ovarian tissue.

Could a modification in the ovarian tissue freezing protocol improve follicle survival after cryopreservation and xenotransplantation? Ovarian tissue was used from 13 adult patients, frozen either with our original protocol, or a modified version involving a higher concentration of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), larger volume of cryopreservation solution and lower seeding temperature. After thawing, the ovarian fragments were xenotransplanted to six mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) for 3 weeks. The proportion of primordial follicles decreased, and the proportion of growing follicles increased significantly (all P < 0.01) after cryopreservation and xenografting compared with fresh controls for both protocols. Follicle density, development, ultrastructure and function were similar between treatments. This study showed that, although the higher DMSO concentration did not improve survival of preantral follicles, it did not seem to induce any major toxicity in the follicle population either.

Evaluation of the effects of dimethylsulphoxide on morphology, cellular viability, mRNA, and protein expression of stem cells culture in growth media.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of differential concentration of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) on the morphology, cell viability, mRNA, and protein expression of stem cells obtained from the intraoral area. Stem cells derived obtained from gingiva were cultured in a growth medium in the presence of DMSO at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10%. The morphology and cellular viability were evaluated on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the mRNA levels of collagen I and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Immunofluorescent assays were performed for Runx2 and collagen I, and protein expressions were measured, including those of Runx2 and collagen I using western blot analysis. Cells in the control group showed normal fibroblast morphology in the growth media. Cells from the higher DMSO concentration were significantly different compared to the control. The decrease in cell viability was noted in the higher concentration. A notable change in collagen I expression was noted at the higher concentrations of DMSO groups. Based on these findings, it was concluded that DMSO may have detrimental effects on the cell morphology and viability of mesenchymal stem cells. The results also suggest that DMSO has toxic effects via reduced collagen I expression.

Residual ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulphoxide concentration in human ovarian tissue during warming/thawing steps following cryopreservation

There have been 60 births after transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue: 58 using the slow freezing method, and two using the vitrification method. DMSO and EG are widely used as cryoprotectants. However DMSO is a known epimutagen, and EG has been reported to be toxic in high concentrations. In this study, we measured residual DMSO and EG in ovarian tissue after vitrification and slow freezing. Cryoprotectants remained at a high concentration in the vitrified/warmed ovarian tissue just before transplantation (DMSO: 9.8 mg/g, EG: 9.8 mg/g). We must consider the impact of the cryoprotectants on the mother and the baby.

Mucoadhesive vaginal film of fluconazole using cross-linked chitosan and pectin

Mucoadhesive vaginal film of fluconazole was formulated for improving contact with vaginal mucosa and convenience in treatment of vaginal candidiasis using chitosan and pectin as a cross-linking polymer. The films were evaluated for thickness, elongation, tensile strength, drug diffusion, moisture content, swelling study, drug content, folding endurance, in vitro diffusion study, ex vivo diffusion study, in vitro antifungal activity, in vivo irritation study. Preliminary trials were carried out for selection of polymer, permeation enhancer and plasticizer. Films were prepared using chitosan:pectin (75:25) with glycerol as plasticizer. Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was selected as permeation enhancer amongst various permeation enhancers due to its highest drug diffusion. To evaluate role of plasticizer and permeation enhancer in optimization, 32 full factorial design was used. Diffusion was found to increase as concentration of DMSO increased. Optimized batch showed 79% drug diffusion in 24 h, 8.7 N mm−2 tensile strength, 10% elongation, 2.5 moisture content and 2.2 swelling index. In vitro antifungal activity was carried out using Candida albicans and non-interference on Lactobacillus action. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction study confirmed cross-linking of polymers. In vivo vaginal irritation study indicated no signs of erythema and inflammation at vaginal site of healthy female rabbits at the end of 3 days.

A liquidus tracking approach to the cryopreservation of human cartilage allografts

In the “liquidus tracking” (LT) approach to cryopreservation both the temperature and the concentration of cryoprotectant (CPA) are controlled such that solution composition “tracks” the liquidus (melting point) line for that system. Ice crystal formation is prevented but the tissue is not exposed to CPA concentrations exceeding those experienced by cells during conventional cryopreservation. This approach is particularly appropriate for articular cartilage because chondrocytes in situ are exquisitely susceptible to damage by the crystallisation of ice. This project aimed to develop a suitable process for tissue to be used in the surgical repair of damaged human knee joints. A high proportion of the chondrocytes should be alive.Human articular cartilage was obtained from deceased donors and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was used as the CPA, cooling was at 0.14°C/min and warming at 0.42°C/min. The vehicle solution was CPTes2. A program of increasing DMSO concentration was developed for cooling and this gave satisfactory tissue concentrations but reduction of DMSO concentration during warming was inadequate, resulting in higher tissue concentrations than required. Biomechanical testing indicated a compressive modulus of 9.5±1.3MPa in LT-processed cartilage, with control values of 11.6±0.8MPa (p>0.05, Student’s t-test). Measurement of GAG synthesis sometimes approached 65% or 85% of control, but the variability of replicate data prevented firm conclusions. Ideally allograft tissue should score 1A or above on the Noyes scale and the donor age should be less than 46years but the cartilage used in this study did not meet these standards.

Assessing the toxic effects of DMSO on cord blood to determine exposure time limits and the optimum concentration for cryopreservation.

Advantages of using cord blood (CB) over other sources of haematopoietic progenitor cells, such as bone marrow, include the ability to cryopreserve and bank the samples until requested for a transplant. Cryopreservation requires the addition of a cryoprotectant to prevent the formation of intracellular ice during freezing. Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) is commonly used at a concentration of 10% (v/v); however, there is evidence to suggest this chemical is toxic to cells as well as to patients after infusion. The toxic effects of DMSO were assessed through cell viability and in vitro functional assays in fresh and post-thaw CB samples before determining the maximum exposure time and optimal concentration for cryopreservation. A dose-dependent toxicity of DMSO was observed in fresh samples with 40% removing all viable and functional haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). In fresh and post-thaw analysis, minimal toxic effect was observed when cryopreservation was delayed for up to 1 h after 10% DMSO addition. After thawing, DMSO washout was superior to dilution or unmanipulated when maintained for long periods (advantage observed 1 h after thawing). Finally, the optimum concentration for cryopreserving CB was found to be 7.5 to 10% with detrimental effects observed outside of this range. These results support the use of 7.5-10% as the optimal DMSO concentration and the maximum exposure time should be limited to <1 h prior to freezing and 30 min post-thaw.

Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles using DMSO as a Stabilizer

Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were prepared by the reverse co-precipitation method from the solution of ferrous/ferric mixed salt. The variation in morphology and size has been studied by coating the particle with an organic solvent like DMSO (Dimethyl sulphoxide) at its different concentration. Meanwhile, Fe3O4 nanoparticles without coating are also synthesized under the same condition for comparison. The particle size and the nature of the nano crystals are characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). UV visible spectrum of the synthesized nanoparticles has been taken. The surface morphology of the sample is studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM image indicates that the particles are uniformly distributed and shape of the particles is semi-spherical in nature. The crystalline size of the particles ranges from12-4nm with the increasing concentration of DMSO (Dimethyl Sulphoxide) SEM studies shows that the agglomeration of the particle is found sensitive to DMSO concentration. Fourier transform infrared microscopy result indicates the interaction of DMSO with Fe3O4 nanopartices.

Electrochemical Fabrication of Titania Nanotube Arrays with Tunning Nature of Dimethyl Sulfoxide and its Application for Hydrogen Sensing

In the present work, tuning effects of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) on the length, wall thickness, dimension and morphology of titania nanotube arrays fabricated by anodization was investigated. DMSO presented in both ethylene glycol and glycerol electrolytes provided excellent tunability in length, wall thickness and diameter of the produced TiO2 nanotube arrays by systematically varying the DMSO concentration. At the DMSO concentration of 12 wt% in ethylene glycol, the nanotube length could be up to 13.0 microm at 20 V for 8 h anodization. The TiO2 nanotube arrays produced in DMSO containing ethylene glycol or glycerol electrolytes displayed a high sensitivity to hydrogen at room temperature compared to the absence of DMSO. The further enhancement of resistance response could be achieved by coating a Pt and Pd layer on the surface of TiO2 nanotube-arrays. The presented work provided a simple way to control formation of TiO2 nanotube arrays through the tuning effects of DMSO in ethylene glycol or glycerol electrolytes.

Cryopreservation of Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus) sperm. I. Establishment of freezing protocol

A series of eight experiments was conducted to determine the most suitable cryoprotectants (CPAs), dilution rates and methods of CPA addition as well as freezing method for the cryopreservation of Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus) sperm. The experiments utilized a fertilization assay to determine the treatments that gave the highest post-thaw fertility. The assays revealed that dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) gave the best results of the seven CPAs tested. A concentration of DMSO of approximately 12% [volume: volume] in Milli-Q water provided the best results. A dilution rate of 1:1 (sperm: CPA solution) was superior to 1:3 indicating that more concentrated sperm had higher post-thaw fertility. The time that sperm were exposed to the CPA solution prior to freezing had no effect over the range tested which gives some flexibility in the amount of time sperm can be exposed to CPA prior to freezing. The addition of the CPA in either one step or in 4 equal volume steps over two min had no significant effect on fertility and the two different freezing methods (programmable freezer or rack floating above liquid nitrogen) produced similar results. The post-thaw fertility of mussel sperm using the final protocol developed (12% DMSO plus 0.2M trehalose, sperm diluted 1:1, loaded into 0.5mL straws and cooled on a rack 3cm above liquid nitrogen followed by immersion in liquid nitrogen) was significantly reduced in comparison to fresh sperm. On average, approximately 363 x more sperm were required to achieve an equivalent level of fertilization as that of fresh sperm. The method is being used in mussel selective breeding, however, there is considerable between-animal variability. Further refinement to the method may help to improve post-thaw fertility.

Changes of Cell Membrane Permeability Induced by DMSO and Ethanol in Suspension Cultures of Taxus Cuspidata

The changes of cell membrane permeability caused by dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and ethanol, two commonly used solvents in study of water-insoluble elicitors, were investigated in suspension cultures of Taxus cuspidata. The extracellular medium became alkalinized in the case of DMSO while the medium pH fluctuated upon the addition of ethanol. When the content of DMSO or ethanol was larger than 2% (v/v), the concentration of intracellular malonyl dialdehyde (MDA) increased remarkably at day 5 compared to that of the control, while that of the extracellular MDA less changed at a DMSO content of below 2% (v/v) and increased rapidly within 15 min at a DMSO content of 4% (v/v). The electrical conductivity (EC) decreased slightly when DMSO content was below 2% (v/v) but increased markedly at day 5 when DMSO content reached 4% (v/v). EC less varied when the content of ethanol was below 0.4% (v/v) but changed obviously when the ethanol content was larger than 1% (v/v). The cell membrane integrity hardly broke in the case of small concentration of DMSO (below 1%, v/v), but the presence of even small amount of ethanol (0.4%, v/v) caused cell membrane integrity lost partly, especially long time contact. It is thus concluded that DMSO is a more suitable solvent for water-insoluble elicitors compared to ethanol especially at low concentration levels.

Tabular silver halide crystals prepared by controlled Ostwald growth in the presence of dimethyl sulphoxide

AbstractThe results of research in the size and shape of silver bromide crystals precipitated by the Ostwald controlled growth method at the presence of dimethyl sulphoxide were presented in the paper. The silver bromide crystals were produced in the form of microcrystal suspension stabilised by gelatine. In the course of the synthesis of crystals, the constant concentration of dimethyl sulphoxide, concentration of excessive bromide ions and the constant ionic strength were achieved. The tabular crystals of silver bromide with their average size of 50 μm and their aspect ratio equal to 100 were obtained by means of this method. The suspensions of flat silver bromide crystals produced in this manner can be used in the production of high‐sensitivity materials. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Direct Oxidation of Dimethylsulphoxide and Reduction of Maleic Acid in Methanesulphonic Acid Medium

The direct electro oxidation of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) to dimethylsulphone (DMSO2) at a Pb/PbO2 anode and electro reduction of maleic acid (MA) to succinic acid (SA) at stainless steel cathode have been has been carried out in methane sulphonic acid (MSA) medium in a batch divided cell. It is to be noted that, as methane sulphonic acid medium (MAS) is biodegradable, it is a preferred medium for the electrochemical reactions.The process parameters such as concentration of MSA, DMSO and current density have been critically examined and the comparative performances of Pb/PbO2 with TSIA electrode as well as the reusing of electrolyte under optimum conditions have been investigated. The reaction parameters such as acid concentration, current density, the use of divided and undivided cells, etc. have been studied on electrochemical reduction of MA to SA.In the case of direct electro oxidation of dimethylsulphoxide to dimethylsulphone, the current efficiency on TSIA anode has been around 60- 65% while that with Pb/PbO2 has been more than 90%. The electro reduction of MA to SA has given current efficiency around 65 – 70%. Based on the result obtained on trials, the optimum parameters of the reaction found to be 1.0 M acid concentration and 5.0 A dm-2 current density. Divided cell has given good results when compared to undivided cell.

PEDOT:PSS films—Effect of organic solvent additives and annealing on the film conductivity

We report results on conductivity of PEDOT:PSS films, which contain different amounts of organic solvents, i.e., dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) or ethylene glycol (EG), and annealed at different temperatures. The maximum of conductivity of the resulting films was reached at about 5wt.% of DMSO or EG in the solution. At the same time, the presence of the solvent residue in the film also resulted in the poor control of the film morphology and conductivity. It was found that conductivity of a film prepared with the same DMSO content is sensitive to the surface quality of the substrate used. It was also found that annealing substantially reduces conductivity of the films prepared with and without the additives. The higher the temperature of annealing, the smaller film conductivity was observed. Correlation in changes of the electronic absorption of the PEDOT:PSS film in the near-IR and the film conductivity induced by the solvent additive was also found. Exposure of PEDOT:PSS films to the solvent vapors has been employed as an alternative controlled method to increase film conductivity. This method, in combination with quartz microbalance measurements, showed a great capability of the film to absorb DMSO vapors and that a saturation limit for conductivity is reachable after more than 20 h of exposure. Swelling and interconnection of the polymer chains is suggested to be the main factor responsible for the conductivity increase.

Evaluation of the toxicity of onyx compared with n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate in the subarachnoid space of a rabbit model: an experimental research

The toxic effects of onyx, its solvent dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), and n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) were evaluated after infusion into the subaracnoid space of a rabbit model. Each of the two various concentrations of onyx, pure DMSO, NBCA, and normal saline solution were percutaneously infused into the pontocerebellar cisternae of 39 domestic male albino rabbits, after which, the brain stems and medial cerebellar tissues were harvested for biochemical and histopathological studies. The specimens infused in various concentration of onyx, DMSO, and NBCA showed neural tissue necrosis and edema with inflammatory cell infitration in the acute stage. Although the mean values of the lipid peroxidase in the control, saline, and NBCA groups were found to be almost similar, they were found to be low in the onyx and DMSO groups. This experimental study suggests that NBCA, and various concentrations of onyx and DMSO have toxic effects on the neural tissues of rabbits when infused into the subarachnoid space.

Early Ontogeny, Growth and Mortality of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) at Low Concentrations of Dimethyl Sulfoxide

Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) is an important polar aprotic solvent, less toxic than other members of this class. Because of its excellent solvating power, DMSO is frequently used as solvent for chemical reactions involving salts, especially Finkelstein reactions and other nucleophilic substitutions. Furthermore, DMSO is used as auxiliary substance in toxicity tests on aquatic organisms, usually at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5 ml l-1. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of DMSO on early development, growth and mortality of early life stages in common carp. Tests were performed from fertilized egg to the end of the larval period with continuous exposure to DMSO at concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 ml l-1. Mortality of embryos and larvae, intensity of development and growth, weight and occurrence of abnormalities were analyzed. DMSO exposure at all the tested concentrations did not result in any lethal effects or abnormalities compared to the control over the entire test period (29 days). Growth indicators were similar in DMSO treated (at concentrations of 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 ml l-1) and control groups. However, mean body weight (35 ± 9 mg) of larvae exposed to the highest DMSO concentration (5 ml l-1) tested was significantly lower compared to the control (45 ± 14 mg).

Use of the Non-Toxic Cryoprotectant Trehalose Enhances Recovery and Function of Fish Embryonic Stem Cells Following Cryogenic Storage

Fish embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from of blastulae (64 cell stage embryo) of Labeo rohita were propagated in culture and retained their ES cell-like properties after cryogenic storage (-196 degrees C, i.e., liquid nitrogen). Toxic effect of DMSO (dimethyl sulphoxide) on stem cells during preservation process has been reported to restrict therapeutic applications. In this study we reduced the concentration of DMSO and added the non-toxic cryoprotective agent (CPA) trehalose. Cryopreservation of ES cell colonies was done at 5, 25 and 52 passages with 0.2 M trehalose and 0.8 M (DMSO). A combination of both the cryoprotective agents (non-toxic and toxic) demonstrated better survival and recovery of ES cells than the DMSO used alone. Use of this CPA combination in the freezing media gave an optimum viability of more than 83 % in a slow freezing protocol. Trehalose showed a definite advantage over DMSO in terms of viability and intactness of ES cell colonies with evenly distributed morphology. There was no significant difference observed in the expression levels of cell surface markers like stage specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) between early and late passages after 60 days of post-thawing. More than 90 % of the ES cell colonies showed extensive expression of ALP and positive expression of SSEA-1 from an early stage of ES cells culture up to passage 52 (in our study) in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and without feeder cells. Further, thawed ES cells showed a normal karyotype and maintained an undifferentiated state through out the study. This study on ES cell cryopreservation and subsequent retention of stem cell properties without feeder cells using a non-toxic cryoprotectant trehalose would be highly useful for future in vitro differentiation, manipulation of fish ES cells and as a model for mammalian ES cell culture.

Effect of Coagulation Bath DMSO Concentration on the Structure and Properties of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Nascent Fibers during Wet-Spinning

Polyacrylonitrile nascent fibers, as spun into the coagulation bath, were prepared by solution polymerization and wet-spinning, and a dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)/H 2 O coagulation bath system was adopted. The effect of coagulation bath DMSO concentration on the structure and properties of the nascent fibers was studied in detail, and the diffusion coefficients of DMSO and H2O for different bath DMSO concentrations were calculated by Crank's equation to explain the structural changes of the nascent fibers, including cross-section, core/shell structure, and surface morphology. The surface morphology of nascent fibers was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results showed that as the coagulation bath DMSO concentration increased, the diffusion coefficients gradually decreased. More circular cross-section, less core/shell structure, higher degree of crystallinity, larger crystal size, larger bulk density, and higher sound velocity of the nascent fibers were obtained when thecoagulation bath DMSO concentration was 70 wt% compared to lower or higher bath DMSO concentration. Moreover, compared with the nascent fibers spun in other bath DMSO concentrations, smoother surfaces of the nascent fibers were obtained at the bath DMSO concentration of 70 wt%.