Dimensions Of Scapula Research Articles

Determination of dimensions of Glenoid cavity from other scapular parameters in North Indian Population

Background: The Glenoid cavity dimensions can help to predict the incidence of glenohumeral dislocations in a population. Purpose of study: The present study involved the measurements of the body of the scapula and the glenoid cavity and to draw the relationship of them to predict the chances of glenohumeral dislocations in North Indian Population. Methods: A total number of 130 adult scapulae of unknown sex showing complete ossification and without any damage were included in the study. The various shapes of glenoid cavities both on right and left sides were noted and analysed. A digital Vernier calliper was used to measure all the dimensions of scapula as well as glenoid cavity. The data was analysed and regression formulae to estimate the glenoid cavity dimensions were drawn. Results: Most common shape of the glenoid cavity in the present study was pear shaped (52.30%) followed by inverted comma shaped (33.07%) and least common was oval shaped (14.63%). Mean maximum height of scapula (MSH) was 142.45± 2.32 mm, mean maximum width of scapula (MSW) was 102.65± 0.21mm. Mean maximum glenoid height (MGH) was 38.77± 3.15mm, mean maximum glenoid width I (MGW I) was 23.82± 2.11 mm, mean maximum glenoid width II ( MGW II) was 14.78± 9.11mm. Mean scapular index (SI) was 71.32± 0.61(60-<73) % and mean glenoid index (GI) was 60.43± 5.43%( 60-69%). Bilateral differences in these parameters were statistically insignificant. Mean maximum scapular height was significantly correlated with both mean maximum glenoid height and mean maximum glenoid width. There was also found highly significant interglenoid dimension correlation. Conclusion: Glenohumeral dislocations are expected if indices are <50% or > 89%. A deviation from the normal relation between maximum glenoid width and maximum glenoid length also indicates glenohumeral instability. KEY WORDS: Glenoid cavity, Gleno humeral, Scapula.

Morphometric study of suprascapular notch and scapular dimensions in Ugandan dry scapulae with specific reference to the incidence of completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament

BackgroundUnderstanding of suprascapular notch (SSN) anatomy and relationship with scapular dimensions are vital in diagnosis, prevention, and assessment of suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome. The study aimed to assess morphometry of suprascapular notch and scapular dimensions in Ugandan dry scapulae with specific reference to scapulae with completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligaments.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted on 50 Ugandan dry scapulae. SSN types and prevalence of completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament among dry scapulae were quantified and compared with previous data. Scapular dimensions were assessed by measuring scapular length (A), scapular width (B), glenoid length (C), and glenoid width (D). One-way ANOVA was used to compare scapular dimensions of scapulae with different SSN types, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation coefficient of scapular dimensions amongst groups.ResultsSuperior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) was completely ossified in 8% of cases. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference between scapular dimensions of scapulae with completely ossified STSL compared to scapulae with other SSN types. Scapulae with completely ossified STSL showed strong negative (r = − 0.89137, r = − 0.877) correlations for its A, B respectively compared against D, this finding was not true to scapulae of other SSN types. Also, there were strong positive or negative (r > 0.7, r > − 0.7) correlations: for A, types I and III compared to type VI; for B, types I, III compared to VI; for C, type IV and VI; and for D, type III and VI.ConclusionsThe prevalence of completely ossified STSL is moderately high in the Ugandan population. Characteristics of the scapula (scapular dimensions) are not ‘vital’ but rather important or relevant for shoulder pathology with specific reference to suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome due to completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligaments. Further correlation analyses of scapular dimensions of different SSN types in different populations are important.

Morphometric analysis of scapula to determine sexual dimorphism

Background and Objectives: Identification of the sex of an individual is important in determining, the identity from the available parts of skeleton. Aims: To derive a logistical regression formula for sex determination of Indian population, using dimensions of scapula. Materials and Methods: Thirty one adult scapulae (20 males and 11 females) were used in the study. Scapulae were measured in millimetre for MSH, MSB, GCH and GCB with the help of the sliding calliper. The logistical regression equation was derived from these measurements. Results: Among all parameters, MSB found to be most significant ( P ≤ 0.001). For the regression equation incorporating all for Scapular dimensions, the logistic regression score (Y) is calculated as follow: Y = (-0.246*MSH) + (0.122*MSB) + (-0.486*GCH) + (-0.034*GCB) +35.356. Conclusion: The results of this study are very useful for sex determination in medicolegal cases where the skulls and pelvic bones are damaged or not available. In this study, population specific logistic regression formula is derived by combination of parameters, which can be helpful for sex determination in Indian populations.