Dimensions Of Realism Research Articles

Driving engagement in metaverse-mediated tourism environments: exploring the role of perceived realism

PurposeDespite the promising development and marketing potential of the metaverse, our understanding of how realistic metaverse environments impact user engagement and behaviours remains limited. This study investigates the role of perceived realism in influencing user engagement, thereby affecting external search behaviour and visit intentions.Design/methodology/approachWe surveyed 270 active metaverse users to test the research model. The data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe results of our study show that three dimensions of realism – avatar involvement, perceptual pervasiveness and social realism – significantly enhance user engagement, which in turn influences external search behaviour and visit intention. In contrast, simulation realism and freedom of choice have minimal effects on absorption and dedication.Research limitations/implicationsThis study highlights the role of perceived realism in enhancing user engagement with the metaverse and its impact on physical world behaviours. It contributes to metaverse literature by demonstrating that engagement within the metaverse significantly influences physical world behaviours, including visit intentions and external search behaviours.Practical implicationsThis study offers practical guidance for developers to enhance user engagement in metaverse environments. Specifically, our findings advocate for visual and audio quality enhancements, greater persuasiveness of virtual spaces, improved avatar representativeness and a closer alignment of metaverse activities with real-life events.Originality/valueThis study advances the theoretical understanding of perceived realism by examining how its dimensions – such as visual and audio quality, avatar representativeness and alignment with real-life events – impact user engagement in the metaverse. It also explores how this engagement influences offline behaviours, thus bridging the gap between virtual and real-world interactions.

How Behavioral, Photographic, and Interactional Realism Influence the Sense of Co-Presence in VR. An Investigation with Psychophysiological Measurement

Feeling of co-presence in VR depends on the realism of virtual agents. Our study explores how three dimensions of realism—visual appearance, behavior, and interactability—affect co-presence and Orienting Response (OR), measured using heart rate (HR) and skin conductance response (SCR). Moreover, we test whether HR and SCR can be used as measures of psychological concepts that describe virtual interactions like co-presence. Fourty-five participants passively viewed virtual characters while their HR and SCR were recorded. Afterwards participants assessed the experience of interacting with the virtual agents. The interactability of the virtual characters increased co-presence, and so did heightened appearance realism, but only when the level of behavioral realism was high. High visual and behavioral realism led to increase in SCR while visual realism alone evoked deeper HR deceleration. Nonetheless, neither SCR nor HR correlated with any psychological concepts that describe virtual interactions. In conclusion, realism can increase both the co-presence and magnitude of the OR, yet physiological indices can not reliably gauge the experience of interactions with virtual characters.

3D-printed acoustic head simulators that talk and move

Acoustic head simulators are used to collect realistic binaural audio with accurate interaural cues. Head simulators are difficult to acquire and often provide only listening and recording capabilities. For cocktail parties and conversation scenarios, it is necessary to have many head simulators that can simultaneously produce speech and capture sound. An added dimension of realism can be provided with motion. We rely on 3D printing to fabricate a large number of head simulators, each of which is equipped with a loudspeaker for mimicking speech production. We use silent multi-axis turrets to provide neck-like motion. Our actuated head simulator collection is integrated into the Mechatronic Acoustic Research System.

Hume’s Politics and Four Dimensions of Realism

Debates between realists and idealists in contemporary political theory have been confused by a tendency to conflate several distinct methodological theses. This paper distinguishes between four dimensions of realism and shows how a novel reading of Hume’s politics can help us make sense of the importance of these theses and the relationships between them. More specifically we argue that a theory we call normative conventionalism can be distilled from two of Hume’s more surprising and controversial essays “The Idea of a Perfect Commonwealth” and “That Politics May Be Reduced to a Science.” This theory views norms and institutions as conventional solutions to problems of coordination and conflict that are historically contingent, but also provides us with an approach to gaining leverage on our practices so that we can say something about which norms and institutions are worth emulating.

Hume’s Politics and Four Dimensions of Realism

Debates between realists and idealists in contemporary political theory have been confused by a tendency to conflate several distinct methodological theses. This paper distinguishes between four dimensions of realism and shows how a novel reading of Hume’s politics can help us make sense of the importance of these theses and the relationships between them. More specifically we argue that a theory we call normative conventionalism can be distilled from two of Hume’s more surprising and controversial essays “The Idea of a Perfect Commonwealth” and “That Politics May Be Reduced to a Science.” This theory views norms and institutions as conventional solutions to problems of coordination and conflict that are historically contingent, but also provides us with an approach to gaining leverage on our practices so that we can say something about which norms and institutions are worth emulating.

Michael Novak’s alternate route: political realism in The Joy of Sports

This work seeks to honor Michael Novak’s contribution to sport ethics by returning to his seminal work, The Joy of Sports. Novak runs an alternate route in developing his ethic, drawing largely on the school of political realism, particularly the work of Reinhold Niebuhr. In so doing, he offers a distinctive lens through which to approach to the myriad ethical issues in sport, including those related to competition, violence, and engagement in foul play. The essay outlines four core dimensions of realism within Novak’s larger corpus in order to elucidate their unfolding within The Joy of Sports. It also contributes to an understanding of how political realism might be appropriated for sport ethics.

디지털 시대: 디지털 캐릭터와 리얼리즘 -ACM 시그래프 아시아 출품작을 중심으로-

예술은 시대마다 새로운 표현 도구를 탄생시켜 온 과학기술과 밀접한 관계를 맺으며 예술 형식에 큰 변화를 가져왔다. 특히 애니메이션은 움직이는 이미지의 '환상성'을 내세우며 그 시작부터 과학 기술 시대를 배경으로 탄생한 영화와 유사한 영상 매체라는 점에서 기술적인 측면과 떼려야 뗄 수 없는 밀접성을 갖는 대표적인 예술 장르이다. 이런 이유로 애니메이션에 대한 미학적 접근은 기술매체 발전을 전제로 고찰되는 측면이 강하기도 하다. 지금의 컴퓨터 애니메이션의 모태가 된 컴퓨터 그래픽스 아트의 선구자인 존 휘트니는 기술적 실험을 통해 테크놀로지를 하나의 도구가 아닌 자신만의 예술 세계를 표현하기 위한 시도로 이어 나갔다. 이러한 새로운 매체의 등장은 단순히 표현을 위한 도구나 수단 뿐 아니라 예술을 바라보는 수용방식과 의식에도 큰 영향을 미치게 되었고, 1980년대를 전후로 애니메이션은 디지털 컴퓨터 기술과 본격적인 접목으로 기술적 완성도를 앞세워 새로운 영상미학을 열게 된다. 오늘날 디지털 기술의 발달은 애니메이션의 사실주의적 환영을 더욱 견고히 해나가기 위해 극사실주의적 디지털 캐릭터 구현 방식을 적극 수용하고 있다. 다른 한편으로는 애니메이션의 가장 대표적인 표현양식인 이미지의 왜곡이나 변형을 강조한 고전적 카툰 캐릭터 방식을 내세워 사실적 환영효과를 추구하기도 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 시그래프 아시아에 출품된 작품들을 토대로 디지털 기술의 발전과정 속에서 어떻게 새로운 애니메이션의 디지털 리얼리즘을 만들어 나가고 있는지 이 두 가지 서로 다른 디지털 캐릭터 스타일의 수용방식을 통해 기술 변화에 따른 아날로그와 디지털의 상호 보완적 가능성을 살펴보도록 한다. Art has evolved into remarkable changes in its art form maintaining a close link with the contemporary scientific technologies that gave birth to new tools of expression in each era. Animation is an art form in an inextricable connection with technological aspects because it was spawned by the technical background like movies. In this regard, animation is often viewed very strongly by technical advancements in terms of an aesthetic approach. John Whitney Sr., one of the pioneers in computer graphics arts, turned his attention to the new technology called computer graphics as a means to visualize images and movement. The advent of a new medium had a strong influence not only on tools and means for novel expression but also on the gradual shift in thinking about arts and even the audiences' taste. In the 1980s, animation was combined with computer technology and the rapid progress of computer graphic technology opened up the era of new visual aesthetics, Today, the development of digital technology presents a different dimension of realism, either advocating hyperrealism by digital actors or presenting new illusionism by classic cartoon characters emphasized in a distortion or metamorphosis from a real life in order to consolidate animation realism. Based on the two perspectives mentioned above, this study can identify methods of digital character appropriation focused on the works of the ACM SIGGRAPH Asia and find how the relationship between art and technology has changed the digital realism and evolved the digital character as the digital technology has developed.

Realism Today: On Dagan’s Quest Beyond Cynicism and Romanticism in Law

This paper explores the contribution by the contemporary legal realist Hanoch Dagan. Dagan’s brand of realism defines law on the basis of its institutions or social practices, not of its norms or rules. The paper first provides a critical overview of this realist theory of law: It is not synonymous with the predictive theory of law, with Leiter’s theory of judges, or Frank’s “breakfast theory”. By focusing on the role of judges and the methodology of legal reasoning, we discover that the core difference between realism and positivism lies in the claim that law is affected by a strong form of indeterminacy, stemming from the plurality of legal sources, not from the open texture of legal language as expressed in rules; and we are also able to distinguish this form of realism from contemporary movements in legal theory, such as critical legal studies and law & economics. The normative dimension of realism is also addressed: This theory of law develops a specific concept of justice, on the ground of a cognitivist theory of value.

Democratic statecraft: political realism and popular power

1. Introduction: realism and democracy 2. Reason of state and two dimensions of realism 3. From the Sophists to Aristotle: institutions lie 4. From Aristotle to Machiavelli: democracy bites 5. From Machiavelli to the Puritans: fire fights fire 6. From the Puritans to the Populists: money never sleeps 7. Conclusion: power and paradoxes.

Theory-dependence, warranted reference, and the epistemic dimensions of realism

The question of the role of theory in the determination of reference of theoretical terms continues to be a controversial one. In the present paper I assess a number of responses to this question (including variations on David Lewis’s appeal to Ramsification), before describing an alternative, epistemically oriented account of the reference-determination of such terms. The paper concludes by discussing some implications of the account for our understanding of both realism and such competitors of realism as constructive empiricism.

Integration of Patient-Specific Paranasal Sinus Computed Tomographic Data into a Virtual Surgical Environment

The advent of both high-resolution computed tomographic (CT) imaging and minimally invasive endoscopic techniques has led to revolutionary advances in sinus surgery. However, the rhinologist is left to make the conceptual jump between static cross-sectional images and the anatomy encountered intraoperatively. A three-dimensional (3D) visuo-haptic representation of the patient's anatomy may allow for enhanced preoperative planning and rehearsal, with the goal of improving outcomes, decreasing complications, and enhancing technical skills. We developed a novel method of automatically constructing 3D visuo-haptic models of patients' anatomy from preoperative CT scans for placement in a virtual surgical environment (VSE). State-of-the-art techniques were used to create a high-fidelity representation of salient bone and soft tissue anatomy and to enable manipulation of the virtual patient in a surgically meaningful manner. A modified haptic interface device drives a virtual endoscope that mimics the surgical configuration. The creation and manipulation of sinus anatomy from CT data appeared to provide a relevant means of exploring patient-specific anatomy. Unlike more traditional methods of interacting with multiplanar imaging data, our VSE provides the potential for a more intuitive experience that can replicate the views and access expected at surgery. The inclusion of tactile (haptic) feedback provides an additional dimension of realism. The incorporation of patient-specific clinical CT data into a virtual surgical environment holds the potential to offer the surgeon a novel means to prepare for rhinologic procedures and offer training to residents. An automated pathway for segmentation, reconstruction, and an intuitive interface for manipulation may enable rehearsal of planned procedures.

Reclaiming the critical dimension of realism: Hans J. Morgenthau on the ethics of scholarship

AbstractThis article investigates Morgenthau’s views on the ethics of scholarship and argues that all his works should be read in the light of his central goal: speaking truth to power. Doing so demonstrates that for Morgenthau, a realist theory of international politics includes two dimensions: it is supposed to explain international relations, but it is also, fundamentally, a critical project which questions the existing status quo. While the explanatory dimension of realism is debated at great length, its critical dimension is consistently overlooked by the more recent, self-named ‘critical’ approaches which tend to present the two adjectives ‘realist’ and ‘critical’ as mutually exclusive. This amounts to an insidious high-jacking of the very adjective critical, which in most cases merely signals one does not espouse a realist perspective. This is highly problematic as it obscures the fact that for Morgenthau, the founding father of realism, political science is by definition a subversive and revolutionary force critical of the existing order. Highlighting the critical dimension that lies at the core of the realist project as formulated by Morgenthau therefore challenges the current narrow use of the adjective ‘critical’ in the discipline and leads to reclaim it for the realist tradition.

Legal reasoning and legal change in the age of the internet - why the ground rules are still valid

This article is a defence of conservative legal argumentation and hopes to add a dimension of realism to the debate on Internet regulation. A recognition of the law`s inherent resistance to anything but incremental change, born out of its function to provide certainty and stability, must inform legal argumentation in particular in relation to legal issues arising out of a phenomenon as revolutionary as the Internet. By taking a bird`s eye perspective on the arguments on the issue of whether a website is enough to assert jurisdiction over the entity behind the website, the author argues that the most efficient regulatory options are not in fact the best or realistic regulatory options if their implementation entails substantial legal disruption. Legal adjustments to accommodate new technological phenomena such as the Internet often need not be as drastic, as may appear at first sight, if the relationship between law and the marketplace or law and technological developments is properly evaluated as two way.

Design and operation of a virtual reality operator-training system

The risks to equipment and personnel associated with the manual operation of switching station equipment demand rigorous personnel instruction. Additionally, switching errors reduce customer service quality. With the virtual reality operator-training simulator ESOPE-VR, trainees can practice all necessary switching operations in complete safety, while maintaining a high degree of realism. A speech-recognition system allows for complete control of the training session by the operator trainee, while sound immersion adds a dimension of realism to the virtual world. An expert-system validates the trainee's operations at all stages of the process and provides verbal context-sensitive advice whenever errors are made. A steady-state power-flow simulator recalculates network variables whenever operator actions lead to changes in topology. The automated conversion of station single-line diagrams to realistic three-dimensional models permits an operator to be trained economically for of a large number of stations.

An evaluation of computer-based driving systems for research, assessment, and advisement

Evaluations are made of three computer-based driving systems presented at the 1993 Society for Computers in Psychology conference. These systems are compared and contrasted on the dimensions of realism, validity, cost, data-output, and application goals. All three systems have positive attributes on each of the five dimensions, but in different ways, yielding systems that complement each other in their usefulness for research, assessment, and advisement. We note that the systems have strong potential for applications with elderly drivers, but that all three systems need expansion for use with high-risk youthful drivers.