Dimensions Of Physical Activity Research Articles

A comparative study of the Hungarian-speaking Roma population living in the Carpathian Basin with regard to obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic

AbstractIntroductionObesity is the most threatening non-infectious disease of our time, the basis of many chronic diseases, increasing the mortality rate. The Roma ethnic minority is particularly affected.Materials and methodsCross-sectional–questionnaire and physical–survey in rural settlements of Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, where Roma live with the non-Roma, Hungarian-speaking population (N = 1893).ResultsThe average BMI of the Hungarian (P < 0.001) and Romanian (P = 0.018) samples was significantly higher than that of the Slovak sample. In the case of Roma and non-Roma subjects, we found a significant difference in Hungary (P = 0.006) based on body composition, as well as in the case of visceral fat (P < 0.001). The extremely obese (<40 BMI) are mostly low educated in Romania and Hungary (P < 0.001), while those in normal weight have a tertiary education in Slovakia (P = 0.027). Hungarian Roma and non-Roma participants show significant differences in the physical activity dimension of the SF-36 questionnaire (P < 0.001), as well as in Romania (P < 0.001) and Slovakia (P = 0.002).ConclusionsIn summary, it can be stated that rural Roma subjects in Hungary are in the worst situation in terms of obesity in the three countries studied. In our study, the results in Slovakia clearly suggest a healthier lifestyle.

Lifestyle Profiles of Italian Oncology Nurses according to Sex, Work Experience and Shift: An Exploratory Study.

(1) Background: Several researchers have highlighted a higher incidence of overweight and obesity among nurses, and others have analyzed the quality of nurses' eating habits and their related physical activity levels. The present study assessed the differences in personal habits among Italian oncology nurses according to sex, work experience and shift. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed during September-October 2023. A Google Moduli questionnaire was created and divulgated through Facebook and Instagram "Nurseallface" social pages. (3) Results: A total of 306 Italian oncology nurses agreed to participate in this study. Significant differences were reported between sex and the nutrition dimension (p = 0.018); male nurses reported higher levels in this dimension (2.69 ± 0.43) than females (2.56 ± 0.49). By considering the role of work experience in the health-promoting lifestyle profile, significant differences were recorded in the physical activity sub-dimension (p < 0.001), especially among nurses employed for more than 30 years who reported higher levels of physical activity (5.25 ± 0.23) than the other groups. By considering the shift role in the health-promoting lifestyle profile, significant differences were recorded with a health-promoting lifestyle general score (p = 0.046), especially among nurses employed only during the morning shift who recorded higher levels in health-promoting lifestyle than the others (one shift: 2.49 ± 0.29 vs. two shifts: 2.47 ± 0.24 vs. three shifts: 2.41 ± 0.25). Additionally, significant differences were reported in the physical activity dimension (p = 0.017), since nurses employed only during the morning shift recorded higher levels of physical activity than the others (one shift: 2.96 ± 1.28 vs. two shifts: 2.55 ± 0.94 vs. three shifts: 2.48 ± 1.20). Finally, a significant difference was recorded in the nutrition dimension (p = 0.017), since nurses employed during the morning and the afternoon shifts recorded higher levels of nutrition than the others (two shifts: 2.73 ± 0.39 vs. one shift: 2.63 ± 0.43 vs. three shifts: 2.56 ± 0.51). (4) Conclusions: Nurses represent the motive of healthcare organizations. Promoting healthy lifestyles among nurses would help healthcare organizations to have a healthy workforce, and nurses themselves can be advocates for policies to improve patient lifestyles and improve chronic disease prevention.

Obesity among adolescent students in private and public schools investigation of awareness: a cross-sectional study

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the obesity awareness of adolescent students in private and public schools.&#x0D; Methods: The research is a quantitative study. The research group for the study consisted of 1393 private and public school students between the ages of 10 and 13 in Kırıkkale province. The first stage included a personal information form including questions about gender, age, BMI, socio-economic status, physical activity for half an hour or more per week, and daily food distribution. In the second stage, the Obesity Awareness Scale developed by Allen (2011) and adapted into Turkish by Kafkas and Özen (2014) was used. The scale consists of 3 sub-dimensions and 20 questions.&#x0D; Results: It was observed that there was a significant difference in the anthropometric characteristics, obesity awareness, nutrition and physical activity, BMI, daily food distribution, and socio-economic status groupings of private and public school children. It was seen that there was a significant difference in all other variables and sub-dimensions except body weight, BMI, and obesity total between girls and boys; there was a significant difference in all other variables except anthropometric characteristics of girls in private and public schools; and there was a significant difference in all other variables except the age variable of boys in private and public schools.&#x0D; Conclusion: The anthropometric characteristics, obesity awareness, nutrition and physical activity, BMI, daily food distribution, and socio-economic status of female and male students in private and public schools were significantly different from each other. In private school students, the highest correlation was found between obesity total and socio-economic status, while the lowest correlation was found between obesity total and the physical activity dimension. In public school students, the highest correlation was found between the obesity dimension and BMI, and the lowest correlation was found between the physical activity dimension and socio-economic status.

Physical activity level and physical fitness in subjects with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a cross-sectional study.

Low physical activity (PA) levels and low physical fitness (PF) have been reported in subjects with temporality-based chronic pain; however, it is unknown whether there are differences in subjects with nociplastic pain (NP) compared with subjects with non-nociplastic pain (NNP). The aim was to compare the levels of PA and PF in patients with chronic, nociplastic, and non-nociplastic musculoskeletal pain. This is an analytical, cross-sectional study. The sample comprised 30 patients receiving ambulatory physiotherapy treatment. Pain was classified as NP or NNP according to the International Association for the Study of Pain categorization system. The PA level was measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, and the PF level was measured with the hand grip strength test (HGS) to assess upper limb strength, the five Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test (5R-SRTS) to assess lower limb strength and power, and the YMCA 3 Min Step Test (YMCA-3MST) to estimate peak VO2. The results were compared with independent samples t-tests (with p < 0.05 considered significant). Cohen's d was calculated to determine the effect size. The NP group reported a significantly lower PA level than the NNP group, specifically the vigorous PA (p = 0.0009), moderate PA (p = 0.0002), and total PA (p = 0.005) dimensions. The NP group also showed significantly lower 5R-STS (p = 0.000) and HGS (p = 0.002) results compared with the NNP group. There were no significant differences in the YMCA-3MST between the NP and NNP groups (p = 0.635). It is possible that the neurophysiological and neuromuscular changes related to NP are associated with a reduced ability to perform vigorous PA. Clinicians should identify the presence of NP comorbidities in conjunction with the diagnosis when establishing the therapeutic goals.

Effect of Personality and Physical Activity on Bone Mineral Density in College Students: A Cross-sectional Survey

To explore the correlation between 5 dimensions of personality, physical activity (PA), and bone mineral density (BMD) among college students. A total of 705 undergraduates (329 males and 376 females) from a sports university were recruited. Based on their sports training experience, the participants were divided into 6 major sports groups, including ball sports, skilled sports, competitive sports, track and field, leisure sports, and no sports. Students with professional sports training (ie, athletes) were categorized into ballgame, skilled, competitive, and track and field groups, while the rest (non-athletes) were placed in leisure and no sports groups. Ten-Item Personality Inventory in China (TIPI-C), or the 5-factor model of personality, was used to measure the 5 personality dimensions of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism of the participants. Their daily level was measured with GT3X+ triaxial accelerometers over 7 continuous days. Then, parameter thresholds were established and the participants' PA was categorized as light (LPA), moderate (MPA), and vigorous (VPA). The bone mineral density (BMD) of arms, legs, and the total body was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The mediation effect of PA and that of the 5-factor model of personality were tested using PROCESS and Sobel tests. The correlation between the 5 personality dimensions, PA, and BMD was explored, with PA and the 5 personality dimensions as mediator variables. A comparison of PA and BMD was conducted across the 6 major sports groups. The correlation between PA of different intensities and BMD was also analyzed using Spearman's correlation. Although there were 90 potential relationships between PA, the 5 personality dimensions, and BMD, only 3 were significant. When conscientiousness was used as an independent variable and MPA, as a mediating variable, statistically significant differences in PROCESS results were reported (P<0.01), with MPA mediating 17.3% of arm BMD, 19.4% of leg BMD, and 19.1% of total body BMD. Among male students, there was no significant difference in LPA among the 6 groups, but significant differences in MPA and VPA (P<0.05). Among female students, significant differences in LPA, MPA, and VPA were observed in all 6 groups and the differences between MPA and VPA were especially prominent (P<0.05). For both males and females, the differences in arm, leg, and total body BMD across the 6 groups were statistically significant (P<0.05), with these differences being more pronounced in females. There was no correlation between LPA and BMD in either sex. MPA and VPA were positively correlated with BMD, with MPA correlating with arm, leg, and total body BMD (males, Spearman's correlation [rs]: 0.11-0.14, P<0.05; females, rs: 0.20-0.23, P<0.01). VPA correlated with arm, leg, and total body BMD (males, rs: 0.11-0.23, P<0.05; females, rs: 0.26-0.30, P<0.01). MPA is associated with BMD in college students scoring high in the conscientiousness dimension of personality. In addition, there is a weak positive correlation between both MPA and VPA and BMD levels, with these associations being more pronounced in females.

Exploring Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity among Older Adults Living in Low-Population Density Regions: Gender Differences and Associations with Activity Dimensions.

Older people in low-population density regions tend to have fewer resources to engage in regular physical activity (PA) compared to their counterparts in urban areas. Moreover, PA assumes different dimensions, and the amount of PA related to each dimension may differ between women and men, predisposing them to different PA practices. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aims to describe the prevalence of barriers to PA, gender differences, and their associations with different PA dimensions. A total of 259 older adults (153 women and 106 men; age, 75.17 ± 8.05 years old) living in the community in the region of Guarda (Portugal) were interviewed face to face to record their sociodemographic characteristics, general health status (comorbidity index and self-reported health), PA behaviour, and barriers to PA. Women were more likely to report "low" income and living alone (p ≤ 0.05), while men reported a higher negative health status than women (p < 0.05). Two intrinsic ("Fear of injury" (40.1%) and "Need for rest" (26.3%)) and two extrinsic barriers ("Lack of nearby facilities" (30.5%) and "I don't have transport" (25.6%)) were the most prevalent. For women, age, self-reported health, comorbidity index, and intrinsic and extrinsic barriers were similarly associated with the different PA dimensions. However, only self-reported health and extrinsic barriers were the variables associated with the different PA dimensions in men. Therefore, strategies to promote active ageing in low-population density regions should be focused on reducing intrinsic and extrinsic barriers based on gender and the PA dimension to be achieved.

Assessment of Health-promoting Behaviors and Influential Factors in Undergraduate Students in Saudi Arabian Governmental Universities

Background: The identification of health-promoting behaviors is crucial for improving students' overall well-being. A total of 542 undergraduate students from five Saudi Arabian governmental universities were evaluated to assess health-promoting behaviors and explore the factors that influence these behaviors. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design with a convenience sampling technique was employed to select 542 undergraduate students. A scale of health-promoting lifestyle profile II (HPLP II) and sociodemographic factors were used to assess undergraduate students' healthy behaviors. Healthy behaviors of students were measured on a Likert scale of 1 to 4, with 1 being "never" and 4 being "always." Higher scores would indicate that a student engages in more health-promoting behaviors. Results: Undergraduate students had moderate scores (M = 123) for health-promoting behaviors. Among the subscales of HPLP II, spiritual growth displayed the highest mean score (2.79 ± 0.61), while physical activity had the lowest (1.82 ± 0.35). Multiple linear regression showed significant fit (F = 8.57, p ˂ .01) and explained 6% of the variance in health-promoting behaviors. Family income, academic Grade point average (GPA), and smoking status were found to be significantly associated with health-promoting behaviors. The results suggest that students with low income (β = -0.10, p ˂ .05) were more likely to have lower health-promoting behaviors, while students with higher GPAs (β = 0.09, p ˂ .05) and non-smokers (β = 0.10, p ˂ .05) were more likely to have higher health-promoting behaviors. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the significance of enhancing behaviors that promote health in undergraduate students, especially in the dimensions of physical activity, coping with stress, and dietary habits.

Investigation of University Students' Recreation Benefit Awareness and Physical Activity Levels

Physical activity level is an important factor that affects health of people of all ages and awareness level about the benefits obtained from recreational activities may increase the frequency of participation. The objective of the study is to review the correlation between university students’ recreation benefit awareness and their physical activity levels and to demonstrate whether or not there is a difference about this subject in terms of gender and faculty. A total of 909 university students 541 female students and 368 male students who studied at different universities in Turkey joined the study. Information Request Form, Leisure Benefit Scale and International Physical Activity Questionnaire were administered to the participants. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Analysis and Independent Samples t Test. The study results indicate that there is a positive correlation between participants’ recreation benefit awareness and their physical activity levels. Besides, it is seen that female participants’ physical and psychological recreation benefit awareness was higher; however, as for the male participants their physical activity levels were higher. It was identified that of the participant students, those who studied on sports sciences had higher psychological and social recreation benefit awareness and physical activity levels. In light of the study findings, the fact that the university students’ benefit awareness perception on recreational activities had increased made a positive contribution to their physical activity levels and dimensions of recreation benefit awareness and as a result, physical activity levels differed in terms of gender and the type of the faculty.

Dimensions of Physical Activity Are Important in Managing Anxiety in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Physical activity (PA) is a known approach for managing anxiety symptoms in older adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis address the benefits of PA and its dimensions (frequency, session time, type, and intervention period) on anxiety symptoms in older adults aged 65years and above. Searches covered eight databases reporting eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and five non-RCTs. Meta-analysis of RCTs (standardized mean difference = -0.41; 95% confidence interval [-0.58, -0.24]; p < .00001) and Fisher's method of combining p values for non-RCTs supported the effectiveness of PA for managing anxiety symptoms in older adults. Subgroup analysis revealed significant effects for all PA types, session times, frequency, and intervention periods compared with control groups, albeit with different magnitudes of effect. In conclusion, although some dimensions of PA contribute to its effectiveness for anxiety, PA intensity and mode required to maximize PA effects remain unclear.

Teachers' Lifestyle who use ICTs in Basic Education during COVID-19: A case study

Introduction: lifestyle is an indicator that refers to a set of behaviors and behaviors known as habits that people adopt, and these can be good or bad and this will depend on the life condition of the individual. Aim: to determine the lifestyle of teachers who use ICTs in basic education during COVID-19 in North Lima. Methods: a quantitative, descriptive-cross-sectional study, consisting of a total of 160 patients attending a health facility, who answered a questionnaire of sociodemographic data and the fantastic questionnaire. Results: 5% of the participants have a lifestyle is in danger, 8.1% have a bad lifestyle, 52.5% have a regular lifestyle, 16.3% good lifestyle and 18.1% excellent lifestyle. With respect to the dimension family and friends that, 88.1% have an excellent lifestyle and 11.9% regular lifestyle. With respect to the physical activity dimension, 86.9% have an excellent lifestyle, 2.5% a good lifestyle and 10.6% a bad lifestyle. Conclusions: It is concluded that educational counseling should be implemented on how to maintain a healthy lifestyle and how to prevent risk behaviors that harm health. It is concluded that health should be promoted, since it allows educating people to put into practice how to improve their lifestyle and how to have a healthy diet.

The association between physical activity and cognitive function in the elderly in rural areas of northern China.

Physical activity plays an important role in cognitive function in older adults, and the threshold effect and saturation effect between physical activity and cognitive function are unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the threshold effect and saturation effect between physical activity and cognitive function in the elderly. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to measure moderate-intensity physical activity and vigorous-intensity physical activity and total physical activity in older adults. Cognitive function assessment uses the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). The scale consists of seven parts: visual space, naming, attention, language, abstract ability, delayed recall and orientation, for a total of 30 points. The total score of the study participants < 26 was defined as the optimum cutoff point for a definition of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The multivariable linear regression model was used to initially explore the relationship between physical activity and total cognitive function scores. The logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function dimensions and MCI. The threshold effect and saturation effect between the total physical activity and the total cognitive function scores were investigated by smoothed curve fitting. This cross-sectional survey had a total of 647 participants aged 60 years and older (mean age: 73 years, female: 53.7%). Participants' higher level of physical activity were associated with higher visual space, attention, language, abstract ability, and delayed recall scores (P < 0.05). Physical activity was not statistically associated with naming and orientation. Physical activity was a protective factor for MCI (P < 0.05). Physical activity was positively correlated with total cognitive function scores. There was a saturation effect between total physical activity and total cognitive function scores, and the saturation point was 6546 MET × min/wk. This study showed a saturation effect between physical activity and cognitive function, and determined an optimal level of physical activity to protect cognitive function. This finding will help update physical activity guidelines based on cognitive function in the elderly.

Physical activity intensity, frequency, duration, volume and the risk of possible sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults.

This study explored the association of physical activity (PA) from different dimensions including intensity, frequency, duration, and volume with possible sarcopenia (PSA), and established the PA cut-off value to identify PSA in middle-aged and older adults. The data in this study were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2015. There were 7,957 adults aged over 45years in the analysis. PA was assessed using a modified version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form. Muscle strength and physical performance were measured to define PSA. Results showed that men spending at least 3days each week, more than 10min each time on vigorous-intensity PA, or a minimum of 933 Mets on total PA each week had a lower risk of PSA. In women, spending at least 3days each week, more than 30min each time on moderate-intensity PA, or taking at least 6days each week, more than 120min each time on low-intensity PA, or a minimum of 933 Mets on total PA each week was associated with a lower risk of PSA. In older adults (≥ 65years), spending at least one day each week, more than 30min each time on vigorous-intensity PA, or taking a minimum of 933 Mets on total PA each week was linked with a decreased risk of PSA. However, no significant associations were found between any PA dimensions and PSA in middle-aged adults (45-64years). A receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the PA cut-off value was 695 and 693 Mets each week for predicting PSA for men and women. The findings suggested that the intensity, frequency, duration, and weekly volume of PA is associated with the risk of PSA in middle-aged and older adults, and the association largely depends on sex and age. The PA cut-off value may be an early indication for a higher risk of sarcopenia.

Association of Physical Activity With Cognitive Function Among Older Adults in Rural Sichuan, China.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between total physical activity and different dimensions of cognitive function (orientation, attention, and memory) among older adults in rural Sichuan, China. This cross-sectional study involved 715 older adults (average age of 72years). Total PA was measured by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, and cognitive function was assessed by the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) questionnaire. The multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that total PA and household PA were significantly associated with the overall Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status score (β = 0.143, p < .001; β = 0.115, p = .002, respectively), the orientation dimension (β = 0.142, p < .001; β = 0.131, p = .001, respectively), and the memory dimension (β = 0.179, p < .001; β = 0.134, p = .001, respectively). The study showed a positive association between total PA, household PA, and cognitive function in older adults, especially in the orientation dimension and the memory dimension of cognitive function.

Viselhető technológia használat a Debreceni Egyetem hallgatói körében

Világszerte sürgető közegészségügyi probléma a fizikai aktivitás hiánya, az ülő életmód széleskörű elterjedése. A probléma jellemző a fiatal populációra is, kiemelten az egyetemistákra, akik idejük jelentős részét töltik üléssel. A technológiai fejlődés egyik katalizátora a mozgásszegény életmód térnyerésének, ugyanakkor ennek köszönhetően számos olyan eszköz jelent meg a piacon, mely éppen a fizikai aktivitás ösztönzésére is szolgálhat. Folyamatosan növekvő tendenciát mutat a fizikai aktivitást mérő viselhető technológiai eszközök – karóra, karpánt – elterjedése a lakosság körében, mellyel párhuzamosan növekszik a magunkról gyűjtött adatok (lépésszám, elégetett kalória, pulzus) mennyisége is. A szerzők témaválasztását az indokolja, hogy a hazai sporttudomány területén kevés olyan tanulmánnyal találkozhatunk, mely napjaink korszerű információtechnológia eszközeit helyezi a fókuszába a fizikai aktivitás dimenziójában. Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy az egyetemista populáció körében felmérje az aktivitást mérő viselhető eszközökkel kapcsolatos attitűdöket. Keresztmetszeti kutatásunk során online kvantitatív kérdőíves felmérést végeztünk a DE GTK hallgatói körében. A kérdőívet 340 fő töltötte ki megfelelően. A leíró statisztika mellett az összefüggések vizsgálatakor paraméteres és nem paraméteres próbákat alkalmaztunk (Pearson-féle khí négyszet próba, Fisher féle egzakt próba, t-próba). A statisztikai próbák eredményeit p&lt;0,05 esetén tekintettük szignifikánsnak. Kolgomorov-Smirnov teszttel vizsgáltuk a változók eloszlását. A megkérdezettek többsége (55%) kipróbált már valamilyen viselhető, fizikai aktivitást mérő eszközt. Harmaduk (34%) jelenleg is használja az eszközét. Akik eddig nem próbálták ki ezeket az eszközöket az árat jelölték meg elsődleges visszatartó tényezőként. Harmaduk tervezi, hogy beruház egy ilyen eszközre a jövőben. Az eszközt használók 39%-a aktivitásmérő karkötőt, míg 61%-uk okosórát használ, vagy használt korábban. Nemek tekintetében nem találtunk eltérést az eszközök tulajdonlását tekintve. A megkérdezett aktivitást mérő eszközt viselő fiatalok 66,8%-nak a fizikai aktivitásának követése volt az elsődleges célja. A leggyakrabban használt funkció a lépésszám követése volt, a megkérdezettek 81%-a jelölte, ezt követte a pulzusszám mérése (67%). Legtöbben a lépésszámukkal kapcsolatban (69%) határoztak meg valamilyen célkitűzést. Minden harmadik hallgató szerint az eszköz hatására többet mozgott és sikerült fenntartania az emelt mozgás szintjét. A hallgatók 44%-a állította, hogy a fizikai aktivitása nem változott az eszköz használatának ellenére sem. A megkérdezettek inkább nem értenek egyet a felsorolt pozitív élettani hatásokkal az eszközök viselésével kapcsolatban. Kutatásunkban is érezhető, hogy a viselhető eszközök hatással vannak a fiatalokra, nyomonkövetik saját adataikat ugyanakkor megkérdőjelezhető, hogy az eszközök önmagukban elég ösztönző hatásúak-e a hallgatók számára az egészségesebb életmód kialakításában.

'I just don't trust my pelvic floor': Examining the bio-social barriers to maternal health and physical activity participation in a sample of mothers' from New Zealand

Maternal physical activity participation is associated with a range of positive mental and physical health outcomes. While a range of psycho-social and practical barriers to women's participation have been identified, little research has examined how these intersect with the physiological barriers posed by birthing injuries and the physical changes wrought by pregnancy and childbirth. In this study we address this gap using data collected through in-depth interviews with 20 women in Aotearoa New Zealand seeking to engage in regular exercise following childbirth. Guided by a socio-material conceptual framework, we examine women's physical activity engagement as bio-social phenomena. We pay particular attention to how women describe and navigate challenges posed by physiological considerations such as pelvic floor dysfunction, fatigue, the energetic demands of breastfeeding, and lingering birthing injuries. We argue these physical barriers are largely glossed over by policies, programmes and existing research that focus on motivating mothers to return to or become physically active. We suggest more sophisticated conceptual approaches are needed that explicitly acknowledge the overlapping biological and social dimensions of maternal physical activity in order to better support women through the complex postpartum period and beyond through enhanced resources, information, and general social awareness.

The Relationship between Fundamental Movement Skills and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Introduction: This study was conducted to identify the current status of research on the relationship between basic motor skills and physical activity in children and adolescents, and to provide a reference for further research. A systematic evaluation method was used to find out the current status of research on the correlation between basic motor skills and physical activity in children and adolescents, based on two Chinese databases, CNKI and WANFANG DATA, and Web of Science, Scopus, Academic Search Premier (ASP), MEDLINE, Education Source, Education Resource Information Center (ERIC), and APA. Center (ERIC), APA PsycInfo, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and other English databases, we collected studies on the relationship between fundamental movement skills and physical activity of children and adolescents published in China and abroad between 2016 and 2022. Results: A total of 17 studies were included, of which 13 studies were conducted on normal children and 4 studies were conducted on children with disabilities. Conclusions: (1) There is a positive relationship between basic motor skills and physical activity, and longitudinal studies are needed to further prove the relationship; (2) Basic motor skills have a facilitating effect on the physical activity of children and adolescents, especially those with disabilities, and can increase their physical activity time by improving their basic motor skills, and the relationship between the dimensions of basic motor skills and physical activity from (3) The relationship between basic motor skills and physical activity in children and adolescents are influenced by gender factors, and other factors have not been explored in current domestic and international studies.

The relevance of specification assumptions when analyzing the drivers of physical activity practice

There is some heterogeneity in the economics literature about the determinants of physical activity practice and little evidence on the robustness of the results to the specification assumptions. Our contribution to the literature is to examine methodologically and empirically to what extent the econometric specification—the modeling of the zeros in particular—the definition of physical activity (i.e., participation, time, and frequency) and its functional form condition the conclusions. The estimates reveal substantial differences in the effects of some drivers between the specifications as well as the dimensions of physical activity. We conclude that two-equation models that separately analyze participation and time/frequency perform better than the rest, supporting theoretical models in which both variables are arguments of the objective function and account for different types of zeros. The empirical results highlight the importance of preferences and time constraints in explaining the behavior associated with physical activity decisions.

Identification of physical activity and sedentary behaviour dimensions that predict mortality risk in older adults: Development of a machine learning model in the Whitehall II accelerometer sub-study and external validation in the CoLaus study.

Identification of new physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) features relevant for health at older age is important to diversify PA targets in guidelines, as older adults rarely adhere to current recommendations focusing on total duration. We aimed to identify accelerometer-derived dimensions of movement behaviours that predict mortality risk in older populations. We used data on 21 accelerometer-derived features of daily movement behaviours in 3991 participants of the UK-based Whitehall II accelerometer sub-study (25.8% women, 60-83 years, follow-up: 2012-2013 to 2021, mean=8.3 years). A machine-learning procedure was used to identify core PA and SB features predicting mortality risk and derive a composite score. We estimated the added predictive value of the score compared to traditional sociodemographic, behavioural, and health-related risk factors. External validation in the Switzerland-based CoLaus study (N=1329, 56.7% women, 60-86 years, follow-up: 2014-2017 to 2021, mean=3.8 years) was conducted. In total, 11 features related to overall activity level, intensity distribution, bouts duration, frequency, and total duration of PA and SB, were identified as predictors of mortality in older adults and included in a composite score. Both in the derivation and validation cohorts, the score was associated with mortality (hazard ratio=1.10 (95% confidence interval=1.05-1.15) and 1.18 (1.10-1.26), respectively) and improved the predictive value of a model including traditional risk factors (increase in C-index=0.007 (0.002-0.014) and 0.029 (0.002-0.055), respectively). The identified accelerometer-derived PA and SB features, beyond the currently recommended total duration, might be useful for screening of older adults at higher mortality risk and for diversifying PA and SB targets in older populations whose adherence to current guidelines is low. National Institute on Aging; UK Medical Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Wellcome Trust; French National Research Agency; GlaxoSmithKline; Lausanne Faculty of Biology and Medicine; Swiss National Science Foundation.

Investigation of Sports Sciences Faculty Students’ Motivation for Participation in Physical Activity in Terms of Various Variables

This research was carried out in order to examine the motivation of the students of the faculty of sports sciences for participation in physical activity in terms of various variables. In this context, the general survey model, which is consistent with the main purpose of the study was used in this quantitative study. The sample of the study consists of a total of 479 students, of which 214 are female and 265 are male. In the creation of the sample, it was benefited from convenience sampling method which is one of the non-probabilistic sampling approaches. Questionnaire form was used as data collection tool and this form consists of two parts. In the first part of the questionnaire, there is the “Personal Information Form,” and in the second part, there is the “Motivation Scale for Participation in Physical Activity.” The illustrative statistics of the raw data obtained through this form were firstly calculated by considering the data type. Then, the reliability of the scale dimensions related to the obtained data was investigated and the difference and correlation tests were used in statistical evaluations. Accordingly, significant differences were found in the variables of gender, mother education level and active sports status. However, there was no significant difference found in the scale dimensions within the scope of the father’s education level, the place of residence with the family, the licensed sportsman status and the national sportsman status. In addition to this, it was observed that there were negative and low-level significant correlations between the age variable and individual causes and the motivation for participation in physical activity (total) dimensions. On the other hand, no significant correlation was found between personal income level and family income level variables and scale dimensions. As a result, the motivation of the students of the faculty of sports sciences for participation in physical activity within the scope of various variables is described as it exists.

Design and Psychometrics of Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire

Background: Due to the important role played by knowledge in controlling and managing diabetes in most educational interventions, the assessment of the individuals’ levels of knowledge is regarded as a key variable when planning the given interventions. Objectives: This study aimed to design and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Diabetic Knowledge Questionnaire for Iranian diabetic patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to May 2021 in Yazd, to examine 400 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by adopting the simple random sampling method. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out to evaluate the validity, and 2 methods of test-retest and internal consistency were used to evaluate the reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and Amos 21 software. Results: The questionnaire’s items were classified into 6 factors based on factor analysis method; that is, a total of 27 questions with the dimensions of general, hypoglycemia, complications, nutrition, physical activity, and insulin were included. Questions 1 to 24 were allocated to patients with oral therapy, and questions 25 to 27 were allocated to patients under insulin therapy. These factors altogether accounted for 78% of the total variance. The internal correlation coefficient (ICC) for the knowledge questionnaire as a whole was 0.85, which demonstrated an acceptable level of reliability. Also, Pearson correlation coefficient of reliability between test times (test-retest) was found to be 0.92. Conclusions: The instrument was a valid scale designed to assess the awareness of patients with T2DM about various aspects of the disease. However, it was suggested that further studies should be conducted to investigated the patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) as well as patients with different age groups and education levels.