Dimensions Of Fear Research Articles

Similarities and differences between internet addiction and nicotine dependence —— motivation network

BackgroundMotivation, encompassing positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and compulsion, significantly influences addictive behavior. Yet, there is little research available on these motivational dimensions and their connection to addictive behavior. This study addressed these gaps by investigating motivation in internet addiction (IA) and nicotine dependence (ND). MethodsCross-sectional data from 472 nicotine users (NUs) and 1004 internet users (IUS) were examined using the Chinese version of the Habit, Reward, and Fear Scale. The Glasso network method was used to estimate the networks, and four interrelated centrality measures were calculated. ResultsIUs exhibited significantly lower total addiction motivation scores, as well as lower reward and fear dimensions, compared to NUs. In the Severity-Motivation Network, reward and fear motivations had the highest centrality. The habitual motivation of NUs demonstrated the highest closeness and betweenness centrality, showing a strong positive correlation with the degree of ND. The fear motivation of IUs exhibited a strong positive correlation with the degree of IA. In the symptom-motivation network, reward and habit nodes displayed higher centrality in NUs, whereas reward and fear nodes were most central for IUs. ConclusionsThe findings indicate that reward, fear, and habit motivations are key factors in explaining behaviors associated with nicotine use and internet use. The unique positions of habitual motivation in ND and fear motivation in IA provide new perspectives for understanding addictive behaviors. These should be considered key motivational targets for clinicians to address.

‘I’ve seen people on the train, like really weird people’ hauntological reflections on the fear of crime

By exploring the hauntological dimensions of fear of crime, this article proposes that this phenomenon exists as an ontological absence that manifests through the spectacle of crime’s imaginary, shaping thoughts, emotions, and movements. In so doing, we highlight fear of crime’s alignment with Fisher’s concept of the eerie – a presence that at once indicates an absence and an object that points to nothing beyond itself. Building on this foundation, we incorporate Simmel’s rendering of the Stranger and Casey’s theorization of ‘thick’ and ‘thin’ places to argue that fear of crime is not solely a reaction to crime events, but manifests as a phenomenon that circulates independently, akin to Baudrillard’s simulacra, reacting against crime’s imaginary. Woven through phenomenological experiences of place, fear of crime emerges as a stain, eliciting a strong sensory, anticipatory and often pre-reflexive response that alerts us that not all is as it seems. Fundamentally, we aim to highlight how fear remains an object that points to an absence, a phantasmagoria and an atmospheric sense of dis-ease, that can engulf us all and press upon spaces, societies and bodies in equal measure.

Investigating different dimensions of women’s childbirth experiences and its predictors among postnatal women: findings from a cross sectional study

Background and aimsChildbirth experience is an event in a woman’s life with short- and long-term effects on her physical and mental health. This study aimed to investigate different dimensions of women’s childbirth experiences and its predictors.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 430 postnatal women with vaginal delivery in 2021 in Northern Iran. Data were collected using the Iranian women’s childbirth experience questionnaire (IWCEQ) and demographic and pregnancy-related characteristics questionnaire. Principal component analysis using Amos 24 and backward multiple linear regression using SPSS 22 were employed to analyze the data.ResultsThe mean score of childbirth experiences was 48.48 ± 19.09% out of 100 (95% CI: 46.68–50.28). The Principal Component Analysis revealed that the preparation (β = 0.84), positive perception (β = 0.78), and fear dimensions (β= -0.72) were the most important dimensions of women’s childbirth experiences. Moreover, education (B = -7.14, p = 0.001), spouse’s education (B = 7.40, p = 0.001), history of previous childbirth (B = 4.88, p = 0.001), obstetric problems of previous childbirth (B = − 7.73, p = 0.038), mother’s preferred type of delivery (B = 9.34, p = 0.001), the simultaneous delivery of another baby in the delivery room (B = -3.39, p = 0.017), and birth weight (B = -5.79, p = 0.005) explained 40% of the variance of the childbirth experience score.ConclusionChildbirth experience is a unique experience that influenced by positive and negative issues. More studies to identify related factors to dimensions of childbirth experience may have some insights for developing national and local- level health policies and clinical protocols.

Psychological status of medical security teams in Winter Olympic Games and Paralympics under COVID-19.

Medical security work for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympics faced enormous challenges under COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the mental status of those medical team members to provide a reference for scientifically implementing medical security services for large-scale events. In this prospective cohort study, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Psychological Questionnaire for Emergent Events of Public Health (PQEEPH) were administered to 145 members of the medical team. A generalized mixed linear model was used to analyze the impact of work duration, position, on/off rotation, and gender on psychological status. Work duration significantly impacted depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and all dimensions of PQEEPH. Women scored higher than men in the PQEEPH dimensions of depression, neurasthenia, fear, and total score. Working status affected the dimensions of depression, neurasthenia, and total score. Deterioration in emotional state became apparent in the fourth week and recovered 1 week after the task concluded, while self-efficacy decreased from beginning to end. All the medical team members experienced emotional deterioration and decreased self-efficacy in medical security tasks. To maintain a medical team's psychological wellbeing during large-scale activities, rotation times should be set reasonably, and adequate mental health services should be provided.

Basic Psychological Needs in the Face of Achievement Vulnerability: A Study in Young Team Athletes.

The susceptibility of athletes to experience of emotional and psychological difficulties arising from the pressure and expectations associated with achieving and maintaining high performance can become a vulnerability in the desire to achieve success in sport. This study aims to investigate the protective value in the perception of satisfaction in basic psychological needs against the vulnerability that perfectionism generates in the appearance of reactivity linked to fear of failure. A cross-sectional, relational, and semi-randomized research design was used, applying perfectionism, fear of failure, and basic psychological needs measures adapted to both the competitive sports context and the Spanish language in a sample of 372 young Spanish athletes, under descriptive analyses and predictive models. The results showed that as the age of the participants increased, the indicators of perfectionism and fear of failure decreased, with no gender differences. The results offer and confirm the positive relationships between the dimensions of perfectionism and fear of making mistakes (where processes such as self-devaluation and fear of failing the people that participants deemed as important to them are intertwined). The perception of satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of autonomy, social relationships, and competence emerges as protective factors that mediate the perfectionism-fear of failure relationship. On the other hand, discrepancies are shown between the perfectionist dimensions concerning the relationships with the BPNs, describing certain sources of vulnerability, although there are adjustments of mental effort and discomfort in the young athletes. The conclusions offer the opportunity to investigate the aspects that facilitate the emergence of fear of failure in young athletes, mainly the performance of coaches connected to the emergence of patterns in pursuit of perfection.

Standardized observation of temperament in Lebanese toddlers using the laboratory temperament assessment battery (Lab-TAB)

BackgroundTemperament is the difference between individuals’ emotional and behavioral responses to diverse external events. It is a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Hence, the need to assess temperament objectively and better understand its impact on developmental and interpersonal outcomes. Measuring temperament in early childhood can be challenging since parents will report their subjective perceptions about their toddlers. While surveys are quick instruments that require less clinical involvement, standardized laboratory assessments secure a relatively high level of objective observation. Since no published studies were conducted in Arab countries, the current research focuses on examining temperament in a sample of twenty mother-toddler dyads using the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery (Lab-TAB) locomotor version.Interrater reliability and validity were assessed. Higher-order temperament components were determined by principal component analysis. T test and one-way ANOVA examined the association between demographics and temperament components.ResultsThe retained variables ranged between fair (> 0.43) and good (< 0.98) for all Lab-TAB episodes. Three higher-order temperament components were obtained. Age was significantly negatively correlated with Lab-TAB Fear dimension, r = − .47, p > .05, and Lab-TAB temperament component 3, r = .45, p > .05. Male toddlers (M = .55, SD = 1.055) had significantly higher levels of temperament component 3 compared to female (M = − .45, SD = .718), t(18) = 2.52, p < .05. There was a significant effect of time spent with mother on temperament component 3, F(2,17) = 7.01, p < .05.ConclusionAfter exploring the temperament factor structure, we found that the Lab-TAB locomotor version was a valid tool to be used to observe temperament in toddlers living in Lebanon, a Middle Eastern culture. Some gender significant differences would deserve deeper exploration in future research. A replication of this study would also strengthen its findings.

Self-Testing for Dementia: A Phenomenological Analysis of Fear

Following the growing economic relevance of mobile health (mHealth) and the increasing global prevalence of dementia, self-testing apps for dementia and mild neurocognitive disorder (MCD) have been developed and advertised. The apps’ promise of a quick and easy tool has been criticized in the literature from a variety of angles, but as we argue in this article, the celebratory characterization of self-testing also stands in disbalance to the various kinds of fears that may be connected to taking the test. By drawing on Sara Ahmed’s phenomenological theory on emotions and by referring to illustrative experiences from two users with a particular dementia self-testing app, we explore four dimensions of fear derived from phenomenology: performative, ontological, embodied, and temporal dimensions. We argue that fear (1) motivates one to take the self-test and to try to take control over one’s health; (2) is shaped by and shapes the ways in which we make sense of ourselves and others as cognitively deficient; (3) constructs and is constructed by our differently embodied presence in the world; and that (4) testing makes a fearful future self as cognitively deficient more tangible. In outlining these different dimensions of fear, this article expands the understanding of the meaning of experiencing self-testing in comparison to the mostly quantitative literature on this topic.

Fear of childbirth among pregnant women: A concept analysis.

To clarify the concept of fear of childbirth among pregnant women and to examine its current measure tools. Fear of childbirth is a psychological symptom, prevalent among pregnant women, which negatively impacts women's health and well-being. It has become an increasingly concerning issue in perinatal mental health. However, due to its poor conceptualization, it presents difficulty in conducting reliable assessments and identifying risk factors. The Walker and Avant approach to concept analysis guided this review. Six bibliographic databases were systematically searched for published research from their inception date to May 2023. Additional records were identified by manually searching the reference lists of relevant studies. Quantitative and qualitative studies investigating fear of childbirth in pregnant women were included. Three critical attributes have been identified: cognitive impairments, affective disorders and somatic symptoms. Antecedents include perceived a real or anticipated threat of pregnancy or its outcomes, low perceived self-coping ability and unmet social support needs. Consequences include processing and avoiding behaviours. This study also identified the dimensions of fear of childbirth, including 6 primary categories and 14 subcategories. The content of five scales was analysed and none covered all domains. The current analysis provides healthcare providers with a more comprehensive framework to assess and identify fear of childbirth. Further research is needed to develop a suitable instrument that covers all the attributes and dimensions of this concept and assesses its severity. This conceptual analysis provides a comprehensive insight into the phenomenon of fear of childbirth. This will help family members, healthcare providers and policymakers to identify the psychological needs of pregnant women and improve the quality of antenatal care. Not applicable as no new data were generated.

Examining the effects of fear of missing out on sustainable food consumption: a social identity perspective

PurposeThis study employs the Social Identity Theory to examine the differential effects of personal and social dimensions of fear of missing out (FOMO) on sustainable food consumption (SFC) practices.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey-based empirical study was conducted with 395 respondents. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling and Hayes process Macro in SPSS.FindingsSFC was found to be positively influenced by personal FOMO. Contrary to expectations, social FOMO had a negative correlation with SFC. Social influence and social identity were shown to be positively correlated, whilst the social influence-SFC relationship was favourable. This approach was aided by social identity.Research limitations/implicationsThe study supports personal FOMO as an SFC-influencing factor. It evaluates the differential effects of FOMO’s personal and social dimensions on SFC. It also demonstrates that social FOMO negatively affects SFC, contrary to expectations.Practical implicationsThe study advises sustainable food firms to reduce personal FOMO via advertising and messaging.Originality/valueThis research is amongst the first to segregate the differential effects of social and personal FOMO regarding SFC behaviour. Research has examined FOMO as a higher-order construct involving social and personal aspects. Second, FOMO is often associated with negative behaviours including social media addiction and substance abuse. This FOMO-related research analyses a desired behaviour.

Examining incubated and nonincubated startups from fear of failure and entrepreneurial well-being during crises

PurposeThis research aimed to examine entrepreneurial fear of failure and entrepreneurial well-being from the perspectives of incubated and nonincubated startups during crises.Design/methodology/approachData were collected by distributing online questionnaires to 152 respondents comprising 43 incubated and 109 nonincubated startups in Indonesia. A multivariate discriminant analysis procedure was used to examine the interrelationships between both groups at the discovery, validation, customer creation and construction stages.FindingsThe result showed a significant difference between these startups at various stages, which was analyzed to provide insights into the relevant dimensions of fear of failure for startups. The essence of entrepreneurial well-being during crises is in accordance with the role of business incubators in an emerging market economy.Practical implicationsStartups need to innovate in order to grow while considering other factors such as work-life balance and financial resource availability. This is important to ensure they have sufficient motivating dosage of fear of failure.Originality/valueThe present study evaluates incubated and nonincubated startups in an emerging market economy by using both the entrepreneurial fear of failure and well-being to capture possible differences between groups. The context of pandemic crises helps us formulate appropriate approaches taken by incubators and startups in the future crises.

Effects of Ambient Noise Isolation on Illness Severity and Mental Health Among Hospitalized Children with Asthma: Retrospective Study.

This study investigated the effects of ambient noise isolation on disease severity and mental health among hospitalized children with asthma. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 187 hospitalized children with asthma admitted from May 2021 to May 2023. Among them, 92 cases were categorized in the control group (conventional management) and 95 in the observation group (environmental noise isolation). Ambient noise level, disease severity, mental health, and sleep quality were observed and compared between the two groups. Weekly time, the noise value of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Before the management, modified Tal scoring system, cough symptom score, and Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Short Version (SCAS-S) were recorded. SCAS-S and Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) had no significant difference (P > 0.05). Weekly time, no differences in the score of social fear dimension of SCAS-S, score of excessive sweating dimension of SDSC, Tal score, and cough symptom score were found between the observation and control groups (P > 0.05). The scores of other dimensions of SCAS-S and SDSC were lower in the observation group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Environmental noise isolation for hospitalized children with asthma can effectively improve their mental health and sleep status, but this strategy cannot improve their disease.

Delusional ideation is associated with social imagery: Felt presence, social anxiety, empathy and loneliness

Recent research suggests that delusional ideation (DI) may have social component to its phenomenology and underlying mechanisms. This study investigated associations between delusional ideation and factors of social imagery in healthy adults using the COVID-19 pandemic as a context of increased social threat perception. 1,854 participants completed an online survey. DI was assessed using the Peters Delusional Ideation (PDI) scale, and social imagery was investigated using the Other Experiences Questionnaire (OEQ, felt presence), the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI, empathy), and the UCLA Loneliness Scale. All aspects of social imagery were positively associated with DI. The strongest predictor of PDI score was felt presence, followed by loneliness, LSAS social fear dimension, IRI (empathic concern and empathy for fictional characters) scales. We propose that delusions and social imagery may share common mechanisms and increased propensity for imagining others may contribute to development of delusions.

The Emotion of Gratitude and Communal Relationships

ABSTRACTEmotions are typically dual‐faced: they involve both an evaluative and a practical aspect. What is more, an emotion's evaluative and practical aspects tend to exhibit a kind of fit. For example, Sakshi's fear of the bear involves apprehending the bear as a threat to something she cares about, i.e., her wellbeing. And it motivates her to act on behalf of this care: it motivates her to act in ways that protect her wellbeing. Both dimensions of Sakshi's fear are about her wellbeing. Typically, characterizations of gratitude speak to both its evaluative and practical dimensions. Gratitude is described as a way of apprehending the significance of one's benefactor's kindness, and it is said to involve a disposition to thank one's benefactor and to return the kindness. In this article I show that this characterization is incomplete insofar as it leaves us without the resources needed to discern the link between gratitude's two dimensions. I argue that discerning the fit requires an account of gratitude's focus and goal. I urge that the beneficiary's communal relationship with her benefactor is gratitude's focus and that promoting this relationship is gratitude's goal. Both dimensions of a beneficiary's gratitude are about her communal relationship with her benefactor.

A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFECTIONISM AND LONELINESS AMONG YOUNG TEACHERS IN UNIVERSITIES

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; The FMPS and UCLA scales measured 100 young university teachers from ethnic areas in southwestern China. The results showed that perfectionism and loneliness differed significantly on the demographic variables of origin, age, discipline, gender, ethnicity, and being an only child. The perfectionism dimensions of fear of making mistakes and organization were predictive of loneliness, and all the perfectionism dimensions, except family expectations, personal standards, and doubts about action, affected loneliness.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Perceived social support mediates the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on job adaptation disorders of workers: An exploratory cross-sectional study.

COVID-19 lockdown can lead to job adaptation disorders, which are heterogeneous among individuals. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between perceived social support and job adaptation disorders among workers in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaires of Psychological Questionnaire for Public Health Emergencies, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Work Attitude Scale were used for this cross-section study via an online survey. The study included 626 employees. Hierarchical regression analysis and Bootstrap method were used to investigate the mediation effect of perceived social support between the emergency and job adaptation disorders. The percentages of the 5 dimensions of depression, neurasthenia, fear, compulsion-anxiety, and hypochondria in workers were 59.7%, 56.1%, 92.3%, 42.0%, and 18.7%, respectively. Social support mediated the relationship between depression, neurasthenia, obsessive-compulsive anxiety and job adaptation disorder, accounting for 18.1%, 16.1%, and 17.5% of the total effect (ab/c), respectively. Perceived social support could alleviate COVID-19 pandemic-related depression, neurasthenia, compulsion-anxiety, and job adaptation disorder in Chinese workers. Improving their perception of social support, workers may better adapt themselves to work in the challenging of the public health emergency during COVID-19 pandemic.

Prosthetic species: Security dogs and the more‐than‐human sensing of urban danger

AbstractFocusing on human–dog relations, this article develops a more‐than‐human approach to the sensing of urban insecurity. Extending work on the embodied, sensory dimension of fear and other security affects, it centers the role of non‐human, canine bodies in processes of risk assessment. Drawing on research in Kingston, Jamaica, I explore how a range of city dwellers learn to sense danger with and through security dogs. How do those who live and work in the city construct and experience its threats through attunement to their dogs' olfactory, auditory, and visual acuity? And how does this interspecies sensing of urban danger co‐produce distributions of urban safety and precarity? In this context, I suggest, dogs are not only a companion species but also a “prosthetic species,” animals that enhance and extend the limits of the human senses, enabling a more‐than‐human knowledge of what threats look, sound, and smell like. I discuss such practices of interspecies sensing and their effects, concentrating on the identification of criminal, political, and spiritual forms of danger. Together, such instances of interspecies sensing can provide new insights into the everyday perception, construction, and negotiation of fearful cityscapes.

The Turkish version of the Masculine Gender Role Stress Questionnaire: Dimensions of fears and their correlates in young adults

The Turkish version of the Masculine Gender Role Stress Questionnaire: Dimensions of fears and their correlates in young adults

The impact of fear and psychopathological symptoms on neural responses to naturalistic stimuli in adolescents

The presentation of real-world images can swiftly engage processing mechanisms within specific brain regions and neural pathways. In this study, we explore the effects of fear and psychopathological symptoms on neural processing of realistic stimuli during a free viewing naturalistic task in a sample of adolescents (11–16y). Thirty-one participants performed an experimental task consisting of the visualization of animal pictures according to three conditions - Snakes, Spiders, and Dogs - during EEG recordings. Dimensions of fear and psychopathological symptoms were previously assessed through The Fear Survey Schedule for Children- Revised and the Brief Symptom Inventory. Earlier and later visual processing was analyzed through ERP components’ peak amplitudes. The results show a robust effect of psychopathology-related dimensions in the visual processing of naturalistic images, suggesting an increase of neural activity at later stages of visual processing (at the N200 time window) in symptomatic adolescents, corroborating the role of psychopathological symptoms in modulating neural responses to naturalistic images, and also guiding clinicians by providing additional data on how symptomatic adolescents perceive and process reality.

Research on the Correlation Between Fear of Negative Evaluation and Perfectionism among College Students

A questionnaire based on the Chinese short version of the Negative Evaluation Terror Scale and Perfectionism Scale for College Students was used to study the psychological behavior of college students. The subjects of the study were 315 college students from different regions and grades in China. The questionnaire data based on the Negative Rating Terror Scale and Perfectionism Scale were counted and regression analysis was conducted using origin2021 to clarify the correlation between negative rating terror and perfectionism among college students. The study showed that the mean values of negative rating terror and perfectionism scores of college students gradually increased with increasing grades. The correlation between negative appraisal terror and perfectionism was positive, with a fit of 0.9959. The dimension of fear of making mistakes was the most critical factor affecting the mental health of college students. The influence of negative appraisal terror and perfectionism on college students mental health is synergistic.

Italian Adaptation and Validation of the Fear of War Scale and the Impact of the Fear of War on Young Italian Adults’ Mental Health

The return of war to Europe with the Russo-Ukrainian conflict generated mental health effects even in countries not directly involved in the war. The present study describes the Italian adaptation and validation of the Fear of War Scale (FOWARS), i.e., a 13-item Likert scale built by a Romanian research team and exploring the fear of war. For the Italian adaptation, a sample of 150 young Italian adults (aged 18–30, M = 21.7; SD = 2.2) has been collected. Exploratory Factor Analysis conducted with PCA confirmed the bifactorial structure of the scale and detected two dimensions, i.e., the “Physiological dimension of fear” and the “Experiential dimension of fear”. The results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis show adequate goodness of fit and the last version of the scale, consisting of 12 items, shows good internal consistency and convergent and discriminant validity. Positive significant correlations with the Worry Domains Questionnaire (WDQ) and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were also found. Moreover, results from ANOVA display significant differences between men and women, with the latter showing higher values of fear of war. Finally, t-test analyses highlight the impact of the fear of war on Italian young adults’ mental health and worry. The Italian adaptation of FOWARS has good overall psychometric properties and can be used to explore the fear of war in the Italian young adult population to highlight the psychological impact of war and its relationship with mental health.