Dimensional Nonlinear Wave Equations Research Articles

Rogue-wave structures for a generalized (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation in liquid with gas bubbles

This study explores the behavior of higher-order rogue waves within a (3+1)-dimensional generalized nonlinear wave equation in liquid-containing gas bubbles. It creates the investigated equation’s Hirota D-operator bilinear form. We employ a generalized formula with real parameters to obtain the rogue waves up to the third order using the direct symbolic technique. The analysis reveals that the second and third-order rogue solutions produce two and three-waves, respectively. To gain deeper insights, we use the Cole-Hopf transformation on the transformed variables ξ and η to produce a bilinear equation. Using the system software Mathematica, the dynamic analysis presents the graphics for the obtained solutions in transformed ξ, η, and original spatial-temporal coordinates x, y, z, t. These visualizations reveal rogue waves’ intricate structure and evolution, capturing their localized interactions and significant presence within nonlinear systems. We demonstrate that rogue waves, characterized by their substantial height and sudden appearance, are prevalent in various nonlinear events. The equation examined in this study offers valuable insights into the evolution of longer waves with smaller amplitudes, which is particularly relevant in fields such as fluid dynamics, dispersive media, and plasmas. The implications of this research extend across multiple scientific domains, including fiber optics, oceanography, dusty plasma, and nonlinear systems, where understanding the behavior of rogue waves is crucial for both theoretical and practical applications.

Modulation instability, bifurcation and chaotic behaviors for a generalized (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation in a fluid or solid

In this paper, we investigate a generalized (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation characterizing nonlinear waves in a fluid or solid. We use the Painlevé analysis to test the integrability of that equation. In order to research the modulation instability (MI) of that equation, we obtain the one-soliton solutions of that equation through the Hirota bilinear method. The propagation velocity formula and characteristic line of the one soliton are derived. Then, we perform the MI to that equation through the standard linear stability. We study the distribution of the MI gain under the parameters K, Ω and R, which are the perturbation wave numbers in x, t directions and the initial amplitude, respectively. We find that the amplitude, bandwidth and distance to the line Ω=0 or R=0 of the MI gain vary as the K or R value changes. Finally, we analyze the bifurcation behavior of the system using direction field maps and investigate its chaotic behavior under the influence of a periodic external force using phase portraits.

Solving Nonlinear Wave Equations Based on Barycentric Lagrange Interpolation

In this paper, we deeply study the high-precision barycentric Lagrange interpolation collocation method to solve nonlinear wave equations. Firstly, we introduce the barycentric Lagrange interpolation and provide the differential matrix. Secondly, we construct a direct linearization iteration scheme to solve nonlinear wave equations. Once again, we use the barycentric Lagrange interpolation to approximate the (2+1) dimensional nonlinear wave equations and (3+1) dimensional nonlinear wave equations, and describe the matrix format for direct linearization iteration of the nonlinear wave equations. Finally, the comparative experiments show that the barycentric Lagrange interpolation collocation method for solving nonlinear wave equations have higher calculation accuracy and convergence rate.

Invariant Gibbs measures for the three dimensional cubic nonlinear wave equation

Invariant Gibbs measures for the three dimensional cubic nonlinear wave equation

The exact solutions to the generalized (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation

Due to the importance of the nonlinear partial differential equations in applied physics and engineering, many mathematicians and physicists are interesting to the nonlinear partial differential equations. One of the main tasks of studying the nonlinear partial differential equations is to obtain the exact solutions for the nonlinear partial differential equations. In this paper, we study the exact solutions of a generalized (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear partial differential equation. According to the modified hyperbolic function method and the traveling transformation method, the generalized (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear partial differential equation is changed into an ordinary differential equation. By taking the homogeneous balance between the highest order nonlinear terms and the highest order derivative terms, we change the differential equation into an algebraic system. By solving the algebraic system, we obtain the solutions for the nonlinear partial differential equation. At last, some solutions and their figures are given by specific parameters. All the solutions conclude the trigonometric function solutions, the positive hyperbolic function solutions, and the hyperbolic trigonometric function solutions. These solutions exhibit the dynamics of nonlinear waves and the solutions are useful for the study on interaction behavior of nonlinear waves in shallow water, plasma, nonlinear optics and Bose–Einstein condensates.

Resonance solitons, soliton molecules and hybrid solutions for a ($$\mathbf{2+ 1}$$)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation arising in the shallow water wave

Resonance solitons, soliton molecules and hybrid solutions for a ($$\mathbf{2+ 1}$$)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation arising in the shallow water wave

Data-driven wave solutions of (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear dispersive long wave equation by deep learning

In this paper, we introduce a deep learning framework to solve the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear dispersive long wave equation. Using it, we study the data-driven solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions, kink wave solutions and various multiple soliton solutions for the equations with initial–boundary value conditions. On the one hand, we obtain the data-driven traveling wave solutions of the equations, which have high accuracy compared with corresponding exact traveling wave solutions. On the other hand, we set more complicated initial–boundary value problems of the equations, whose exact traveling wave solution cannot be easy to obtain, but our network still works well and gives its numerical solution. The results show that our deep learning algorithm is able to accurately capture the dynamical behavior of traveling waves of the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear dispersive long wave equation.

Deep neural networks learning forward and inverse problems of two-dimensional nonlinear wave equations with rational solitons

In this paper, we investigate the forward problems on the data-driven rational solitons for the (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili-I (KP-I) equation and spin-nonlinear Schrödinger (spin-NLS) equation via the deep neural networks learning. Moreover, the inverse problems of the (2+1)-dimensional KP-I equation and spin-NLS equation are studied via deep learning. The main idea of the data-driven forward and inverse problems is to use the deep neural networks with the activation function to approximate the solutions of the considered (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equations by optimizing the chosen loss functions related to the considered nonlinear wave equations.

A Generalized (3+1)-Dimensional Nonlinear Wave Equation in Liquid with Gas Bubbles: Symmetry Reductions; Exact Solutions; Conservation Laws

The analysis of a generalised (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation that simulates a variety of nonlinear processes that occur in liquids including gas bubbles will be performed. After some cosmetic adjustments to the underlying equation, this generalised (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation naturally degenerates into the (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, the (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation, and the Korteweg-de Vries equation. To completely investigate this fundamental equation, a clear and rigorous technique is used. In order to obtain innovative symmetry reductions, group invariant solutions, conservation laws, and eventually kink wave solutions, the Lie symmetry, multiplier, and simplest equation methods are used. Complex waves and their dealing dynamics in fluids can be well imitated by the verdicts.

Approximation of three‐dimensional nonlinear wave equations by fundamental solutions and weighted residuals process

In this paper, the localized method of fundamental solutions (LMFS) with coupling the dual reciprocity method (DRM) is applied to simulate three‐space dimensional nonlinear wave equations. First, DRM, which is a popular meshless method based on polyharmonic splines (PhS), is applied to obtain the particular solution. After evaluating the particular solution, 3D‐LMFS method can be employed to evaluate the homogeneous solution. The proposed 3D‐LMFS algorithms construct 3D artificial surfaces where source points and then the collocation procedure propose by using the fundamental solutions in each 3D surface. Straightforwardly, a solution to the 3D wave equation is approximated by a sum of the combination of PhS and fundamental solutions using LMFS. Eventually, the scheme has been prosperously tested with selected examples.

Rogue waves on the periodic wave background in the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili I equation

Rogue waves arising on the background of two families of periodic standing waves in the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili I (KPI) equation are investigated. By the nonlinearization of spectral problem and Darboux transformation approach, the rogue wave solutions of the KPI equation on the Jacobian elliptic functions dn and cn background are derived. Darboux transformation is also used to introduce trigonometric function periodic background for the higher-order rogue wave in the KPI equation. On the plane wave background, some rogue waves, breathers and hybrid waves in the KPI equation are obtained as a byproduct in this paper. Moreover, the results represented in this paper enrich the dynamics of (2+1) dimensional nonlinear wave equations.

Bar{partial }-Dressing Method for a Generalized (2 + 1)-Dimensional Nonlinear Wave Equation

The main purpose of this work is solving a generalized (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation via bar{partial }-dressing method. The key to this process is to establish connection between characteristic functions and bar{partial }-problem. With use of Fourier transformation and Fourier inverse transformation, we obtain explicit expressions of Green’s function and give two characteristic functions corresponding to general potential. Further, the bar{partial }-problem is constructed by calculating bar{partial } derivative of characteristic function. The solution of bar{partial }-problem can be shown by Cauchy–Green formula, and after determining time evolution of scatter data, we can give solutions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional equation.

Shock waves, periodic, topological kink and singular soliton solutions of a new generalized two dimensional nonlinear wave equation of engineering physics with applications in signal processing, electromagnetism and complex media

This article investigates a new generalized two-dimensional nonlinear wave equation of engineering physics with various applications in the fields of sciences and engineering. In this study, shock wave and solitary wave solutions were secured via the sine–Gordon technique. Moreover, various new group invariants along-side exact classical results of the equation were achieved through the utilization of Lie group theoretic techniques. Some of the solutions are gained with regards to Weierstrass functions, complex soliton, topological kink soliton as well as singular soliton. Besides, several algebraic and other solitary-wave-type solutions are obtained. Wave dynamics of the solutions are plotted to give more physical meanings to the obtained results and have a better knowledge of what the nonlinear wave equation represents in terms of physical phenomena. Application of the secured results in engineering (signal processing), physics (electromagnetism) and complex media are presented.

Resonant interactions among two-dimensional nonlinear localized waves and lump molecules for the (2+1)-dimensional elliptic Toda equation

The (2+1)-dimensional elliptic Toda equation is a high-dimensional generalization of the Toda lattice and a semi-discrete Kadomtsev–Petviashvili I equation. This paper focuses on investigating the resonant interactions between two breathers, a breather/lump and line solitons as well as lump molecules for the (2+1)-dimensional elliptic Toda equation. Based on the N-soliton solution, we obtain the hybrid solutions consisting of line solitons, breathers and lumps. Through the asymptotic analysis of these hybrid solutions, we derive the phase shifts of the breather, lump and line solitons before and after the interaction between a breather/lump and line solitons. By making the phase shifts infinite, we obtain the resonant solution of two breathers and the resonant solutions of a breather/lump and line solitons. Through the asymptotic analysis of these resonant solutions, we demonstrate that the resonant interactions exhibit the fusion, fission, time-localized breather and rogue lump phenomena. Utilizing the velocity resonance method, we obtain lump–soliton, lump–breather, lump–soliton–breather and lump–breather–breather molecules. The above works have not been reported in the (2+1)-dimensional discrete nonlinear wave equations.

New Solutions for IOPM and (3+1)-Dimensional NLWE in Liquid with Gas Bubbles

Generalized Kudryashov method (GKM), which is one of the solution methods of nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs), has been used to obtain some solutions of Ivancevic option pricing model (IOPM) and (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation (NLWE) in liquid with gas bubbles. Thus, some solutions of the discussed equations have been found such as dark soliton, trigonometric and hyperbolic solutions. Two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) graphics of these solutions have been drawn with the help of Wolfram Mathematica 12.

Global stability of traveling waves for (1 + 1)-dimensional systems of quasilinear wave equations

A key feature of [Formula: see text]-dimensional nonlinear wave equations is that they admit left or right traveling waves, under appropriate algebraic conditions on the nonlinearities. In this paper, we prove global stability of such traveling wave solutions for [Formula: see text]-dimensional systems of nonlinear wave equations, given a certain asymptotic null condition and sufficient decay for the traveling wave. We first consider semilinear systems as a simpler model problem; we then proceed to treat more general quasilinear systems.

New solitary wave solutions and stability analysis for the generalized [formula omitted]-dimensional nonlinear wave equation in liquid with gas bubbles

In this study, solitary wave solutions for the generalized (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation (NLWE) are extracted using a new generalized exponential rational function method (GERFM). Numerous nonlinear behaviors in liquids with gas bubbles are described by this equation. The suggested method is used to derive the various kinds of new accurate soliton solutions for the equation. Also, the physical interpretations of some obtained solutions are represented. In addition, a modulational instability analysis framework is used to look at the system’s stability.

Symmetric vibrations of higher dimensional nonlinear wave equations

Symmetric vibrations of higher dimensional nonlinear wave equations

A study of resonance Y-type multi-soliton solutions and soliton molecules for new (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equations

<abstract> <p>In this study, a fourth-order nonlinear wave equation with variable coefficients was investigated. Through appropriate choice of the free parameters and using the simplified linear superposition principle (LSP) and velocity resonance (VR), the examined equation can be considered as Hirota–Satsuma–Ito, Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff and Jimbo–Miwa equations. The main objective of this study was to obtain novel resonant multi-soliton solutions and investigate inelastic interactions of traveling waves for the above-mentioned equation. Novel resonant multi-soliton solutions along with their essential conditions were obtained by using simplified LSP, and the conditions guaranteed the existence of resonant solitons. Furthermore, the obtained solutions were used to investigate the dynamic and fission behavior of Y-type multi-soliton waves. For an accurate investigation of physical phenomena, appropriate free parameters were chosen to ascertain the impact on the speed of traveling waves and the initiation time of fission. Three-dimensional and contour plots of the obtained solutions are presented in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="Figure1">Figures 1</xref>–<xref ref-type="fig" rid="Figure6">6</xref>. Additionally, two nonlinear equations were formulated and investigated using VR, and the related soliton molecules were simultaneously extracted. The reported resonant Y-type multi-soliton waves and equations are new and have not been previously investigated. They can be used to explain modeled physical phenomena and can provide information about dynamic behavior of shallow water waves.</p> </abstract>

Abundant soliton wave solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient nonlinear wave equation in liquid with gas bubbles by bilinear analysis

In this paper, we check and scan the (3+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient nonlinear wave equation which is considered in soliton theory and generated by considering the Hirota bilinear operators. We retrieve some novel exact analytical solutions, including cross-kink soliton solutions, breather wave solutions, interaction between stripe and periodic, multi-wave solutions, periodic wave solutions and solitary wave solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient nonlinear wave equation in liquid with gas bubbles by Maple symbolic computations. The required conditions of the analyticity and positivity of the solutions can be easily achieved by taking special choices of the involved parameters. The main ingredients for this scheme are to recover the Hirota bilinear forms and their generalized equivalences. Lastly, the graphical simulations of the exact solutions are depicted.