Dimensional Framework Research Articles

What can a journal editorial team do to strive for equity in health professions education publishing? Leading by example

What was the Educational Challenge? Representation gaps in medical education publishing are widely recognized and may be attributed to epistemic injustice, defined as ‘wrong done to someone in their capacity as a knower.’ Although peer review is meant to ensure ‘rigor,’ some quality assurance practices can inadvertently silence entire populations and impede understanding of a field’s foundational concepts. What was the Proposed Solution? To honor our journal’s commitment to equitable knowledge production, a diversity, equity, and inclusion working group at Teaching and Learning in Medicine (TLM) reimagined rigor to include striving for a ‘more equitable, diverse, and inclusive research system.’ How was the Proposed Solution Implemented? We implemented structural peer review reform at TLM by adapting Hogan et al.’s Dimensionality and R4P framework for health equity, prioritizing change in our communication with contributors. What Lessons Learned are Relevant to a Wider Audience? Since implementation, our journal has received feedback expressing appreciation for humanity and personal connection in our peer review, and we have observed increased publications from geographically marginalized authors. We believe our outcomes result from respecting marginalized authors’ authority to pursue their own interests, concerns, and successes with respect to knowledge production. What are the Next Steps? We believe our approach can be adopted by other peer-reviewed journals. We invite application and critique of our framework to advance community development in creating relevant, accessible, and equitable knowledge production for all people.

Luminescent yttrium organic frameworks: Cell imaging, gas adsorption and nitro sensing applications

The flexibility of ligand (L) yield, two different yttrium organic frameworks, denoted as {[Y(L)2(H2O)4]·Cl3·DMF·(H2O)3·(S)}n (MOF-1) and {[Y(L)3/2(H2O)2]·(NO3)3·(S)}n (MOF-2), where L denotes 9,10-bis((4-carboxylatopyridinium-1-methylene)anthracene and S denotes the disordered solvent molecules. Detailed single crystal X-ray study established a one dimensional (1D) chain for MOF-1 and a three dimensional (3D) frameworks with one channel voids structure for MOF-2, respectively, due to different conformation of the ligand. In both MOFs, Y(III) have bicapped trigonal prismatic geometry. The phase purity of both MOFs has been confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and IR spectroscopic studies. MOF-1, with its particle size in nano range, good fluorescence property and solubility in water, is a suitable candidate for cell imaging study. In contrast, three dimensional framework of MOF-2, with small voids, makes it well suited for gas adsorption and sensing of nitro aromatics compounds.

Rogue waves of the Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov equation via self-mapping transformation

This paper introduces a new two-dimensional self-mapping transformation applied to the Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov equation, resulting in the generation of numerous rogue wave solutions. We discover that temporal-localized and spatiotemporal-localized two-dimensional rogue waves respectively. Notably, these rogue waves emerge from a zero background and subsequently exhibit both algebraic and exponential decay patterns. The proposed technique offers a potential tool for constructing rogue-like waves within (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave frameworks. The findings presented here serve as a robust mathematical foundation for advancing both theoretical understanding and practical applications of rogue waves.

Gender bias in assessing narcissistic personality: Exploring the utility of the ICD-11 dimensional model.

Narcissistic personality disorder as captured in categorical diagnostic systems (e.g., DSM-5) emphasizes grandiose features more associated with masculine norms and under-emphasizes vulnerable features more associated with femininity. This poses significant implications in diagnostic outcome and clinical treatment in women with narcissistic preoccupations. Research finds that clinicians using the DSM-5 categorical system tend to diagnose vulnerable narcissism in women as other 'feminized' personality disorders (e.g., borderline), but no research has explored gender differences in narcissism using the new ICD-11 dimensional framework for personality disorders. This study investigated the clinical utility of the ICD-11 approach in capturing gender differences in narcissistic presentations. Adopting an online vignette-based study, mental health clinicians (N = 157; 71.3% female) completed ratings of ICD-11 personality disorder severity and trait domains for two cases reflecting 'grandiose' and 'vulnerable' narcissism in hypothetical male or female patients. The results showed that ratings of core impairments in personality functioning and overall severity were consistent irrespective of patient or clinician gender, contrasting prior research using categorical models. While some differences were observed in trait domain (e.g., negative affectivity) between patient gender, these results suggest the clinical utility of the ICD-11 model as emphasizing elements of personality functioning in the process of assessment and diagnosis, therefore potentially being less susceptible to influences of gender stereotype in aiding clinical conceptualization.

A Qualitative Assessment of Reasons for Living and Dying in the Context of Feeling Trapped Among Adults in the United Kingdom

Objective Contemporary approaches to suicide assessment and treatment incorporate reasons for living (RFL) and reasons for dying (RFD). This study qualitatively explored individuals’ self-described RFL and RFD in the context of suicidal thinking and behaviors. Method Within a community United Kingdom (UK) sample, adults (N = 331, aged 16+) responded to eight open-ended questions probing their experiences of suicide, defeat, and entrapment. Utilizing these data, which were collected from a larger online survey examining risk and protective factors for suicidal behaviors, this study explored RFL and RFD within these narratives. After the research team established an initial code book, RFL and RFD codes were subsequently analyzed through inductive and deductive thematic analyses. Results The present study identified five complimentary RFD-RFL themes: (1) Hopelessness-Hopefulness, (2) Stress of Responsibilities-Duty to Responsibilities, (3) Social Disconnection-Social Connection, (4) Death as Sin-Desire for an Afterlife, and (5) Temporary Escapes as Coping-Entrapment (i.e., a lack of escape). Three subthemes within the RFD theme Entrapment were General/Unspecified, By Feelings, and Within Self. Conclusions Identified themes reflect the existing quantitative RFL and RFD literature. The identified RFL and RFD themes are discussed with reference to their clinical applications in advancing suicide-specific assessments and interventions. We propose a dimensional framework for RFD and RFL which informs future suicidal behaviors research and practice.

Lithiation Induced Hetero-Superlattice Zn/ZnLi as Stable Anode for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Three dimensional (3D) framework structure is one of the most effective ways to achieve uniform zinc deposition and thus inhibit the Zn dendrites growth in working Zn metallic anode. A major challenge facing for the most commonly used 3D zincophilic hosts is that the zincophilic layer tends to peel off during repeatedly cycling, making it less stable. Herein, for the first time, a hetero-superlattice Zn/ZnLi (HS-Zn/ZnLi) anode containing periodic arrangements of metallic Zn phase and zincophilic ZnLi phase at the nanoscale, is well designed and fabricated via electrochemical lithiation method. Based on binding energy and stripping energy calculation, and the operando optical observation of plating/stripping behaviors, the zincophilic ZnLi sites with a strong Zn adsorption ability in the interior of the 3D ZnLi framework structure can effectively guide uniform Zn nucleation and dendrite-free zinc deposition, which significantly improves the cycling stability of the HS-Zn/ZnLi alloy (over 2800 h without a short-circuit at 2 mA cm-2). More importantly, this strategy can be extended to HS-Zn/ZnNa and HS-Zn/ZnK anodes that are similar to the HS-Zn/ZnLi microstructure, also displaying significantly enhanced cycling performances in AZIBs. This study can provide a novel strategy to develop the dendrite-free metal anodes with stable cycling performance.

Lithiation Induced Hetero‐Superlattice Zn/ZnLi as Stable Anode for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries

AbstractThree dimensional (3D) framework structure is one of the most effective ways to achieve uniform zinc deposition and thus inhibit the Zn dendrites growth in working Zn metallic anode. A major challenge facing for the most commonly used 3D zincophilic hosts is that the zincophilic layer tends to peel off during repeatedly cycling, making it less stable. Herein, for the first time, a hetero‐superlattice Zn/ZnLi (HS−Zn/ZnLi) anode containing periodic arrangements of metallic Zn phase and zincophilic ZnLi phase at the nanoscale, is well designed and fabricated via electrochemical lithiation method. Based on binding energy and stripping energy calculation, and the operando optical observation of plating/stripping behaviors, the zincophilic ZnLi sites with a strong Zn adsorption ability in the interior of the 3D ZnLi framework structure can effectively guide uniform Zn nucleation and dendrite‐free zinc deposition, which significantly improves the cycling stability of the HS−Zn/ZnLi alloy (over 2800 h without a short‐circuit at 2 mA cm−2). More importantly, this strategy can be extended to HS−Zn/ZnNa and HS−Zn/ZnK anodes that are similar to the HS−Zn/ZnLi microstructure, also displaying significantly enhanced cycling performances in AZIBs. This study can provide a novel strategy to develop the dendrite‐free metal anodes with stable cycling performance.

How the planarity of two dimensional covalent organic frameworks affect gas adsorption and diffusion: A data mining, simulation, and experiment united study

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Rational design of continuous and short-range lithium ion pathways based on polydopamine-anchored metal-organic frameworks for all-solid-state electrolytes

The immerging three dimensional (3D) metal-organic framework (MOF)-reinforced composite solid-state electrolytes have attracted great interest because of the enhanced ionic conductivity and mechanical properties. However, the defective spatial arrangement of MOFs restricted by fabrication methodology leads to insufficient lithium ion transport in electrolytes. Herein, a 3D interconnected MOF framework tailored for all-solid-state electrolytes is rationally designed by a universal polydopamine (PDA)-engineered “double-sided tape” strategy. The PDA serves as a double-sided tape, firmly adhering on the special single-layer Nylon grid as well as offering uniform nucleation sites to anchor the metal nodes to ensure continuous growth of well-ordered MOFs. Benefiting from the Lewis acid feature of MOFs and its cage effect toward TFSI−, a fast and homogeneous lithium ion transport can be achieved through the internal channels within neighboring MOFs and the continuous MOFs/polymer interfaces both along the short-range circumferential boundary of Nylon fiber. The resultant composite electrolytes exhibit high lithium ion conductivity and prominent mechanical properties, rendering excellent cyclic stability whether used in coin or pouch cells. This work demonstrates a widely applicable “double-sided tape” strategy for controllable spatial arrangement of MOF nanoparticles on optional substrates, which provides a scalable approach to rationally construct desired lithium ion pathways within composite electrolytes.

An anionic two dimensional covalent organic framework from tetratopic borate centres pillared by lithium ions

Non-covalent interactions play an important role for the framework formation of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks. Until now, π–π interactions and hydrogen bonding are the main reported forces facilitating the stacking of framework layers. Here, we present a two-dimensional anionic covalent organic framework based on tetratopic borate linkages, where layers are connected by ionic interactions between the linkage site and counter cations. The crystalline covalent organic framework is accessed through the formation of an amorphous borate-based polymer and subsequent solvothermal treatment. The progress of crystallization is investigated, revealing the crystallite growth and morphological change from agglomerated dense particles to hollow crystallite spheres. Due to the pillared nature, the crystallites can be exfoliated into nanosheets by sonication of the material in the presence of methanol. The crystallization and ordered arrangement of the lithium ions in the interlayer space is shown to benefit the conductivity tenfold compared to the amorphous material.

Three dimensional noble metal-metal organic framework composite as SERS substrate for efficient capture and detection of pesticides

Hybrids of noble metal and metal-organic framework (MOF) are promising substrates for molecule sensing by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique. However, most of these composite SERS substrates are zero-dimensional (0D) or two-dimensional (2D) structures, limiting their efficiency in adsorption and Raman enhancement. In this work, a new three-dimensional (3D) SERS substrate CC/ZnO-Ag@ZIF-8 composed of carbon cloth (CC) supported ZnO nanorod array decorated with AgNPs and coated with ZIF-8 layer was prepared for sensitive detection of pesticide. Compared with common 0D/2D substrates, the synergy of ZnO, AgNPs and MOF in 3D space achieved the highly efficient utilization of each component’s advantages, greatly enhancing the adsorption capacity to analyte and significantly amplifying the EM enhancement effect. Consequently, the 3D SERS substrate showed high SERS sensitivity to pesticide intermediate 4-ATP with a detection of limit (LOD) as low as 10−10 M, which is 3 orders of magnitude lower than its 2D counterpart CC/Ag@ZIF-8, or 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of CC/ZnO-Ag without MOF coating. Additionally, ZIF-8 coating also improves the stability, anti-interference ability and signal consistency of the substrate. Finally, the 3D CC/ZnO-Ag@ZIF-8 was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of pesticide thiram in real lake water sample, which achieved a linear range of 10−5 to 10−9 M and a LOD of 1 nM. Such 3D noble metal-MOF hybrid SERS substrate with multiple merits in adsorption, Raman enhancement, stability and reproducibility holds great promise in environmental analysis.

Exploring the Associations of Personality and Sexual Health Using the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders

This study explored the relationships between sexual health indicators (i.e., sexual satisfaction, distress, and function) and the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders, a promising dimensional framework for assessing personality pathology. A sample of 489 participants seeking help in private practice clinics completed self-report measures of sexual satisfaction, distress, and function, as well as dyadic adjustment, psychological distress, romantic attachment, personality impairment, and pathological personality facets. Results first showed that participants reaching the cutoffs for a personality disorder had significantly higher sexual distress and lower sexual function compared to participants without a personality disorder. Second, path analyses controlling for psychological distress, dyadic adjustment, and romantic attachment revealed that, for women, the Criterion B Intimacy Avoidance facet was consistently linked with higher sexual distress and lower sexual satisfaction and function. For men, result patterns were more complex, linking Criterion B Separation Insecurity with high sexual distress, and Separation Insecurity and Intimacy Avoidance facets with low sexual function. In addition, Criterion B Irresponsibility, Rigid Perfectionism, as well as Criterion A Intimacy impairment were linked with higher sexual satisfaction. These findings improve our understanding of the links between personality and sexual health and provide support for considering personality difficulties in sexual health interventions.

Machine learning assisted designing of Y-series small molecule acceptors: Library generation and property prediction

The designing of new small molecule acceptors (SMAs) for organic solar cells has been a prominent area of research for many decades. It is challenging to find unique materials due to expensive experimentation. Machine learning emerges as a promising tool for rapid and cost-effective prediction of properties. In the current study, electron affinity is predicted using machine learning models. Molecular descriptors are calculated for model training. Four machine learning models are used. A reasonably high predictive capability is obtained for random forest model (r-squared values of 0.92 and 0.82 for training and test set, respectively). Furthermore, the chemical database of small molecule acceptors is generated. Generated virtual space is anticipated by exploiting the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) method. Structure Activity Landscape Index (SALI) analysis is conducted to examine how properties change with structural variations. A minimal change in electron affinity resulted from structural modifications. Additionally, clustering analysis is performed on selected small molecule acceptors for structural grouping of SMAs. Five SMAs with lowest synthetic accessibility (SA) score are selected for density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The introduced multiple dimensional framework has potential screened the materials in short-time and efficient way.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms as a Function of Arousal and Executive Vigilance: Testing Halperin and Schulz’s Neurodevelopmental Model in a Sample of Community Adults

Halperin and Schulz’s neurodevelopmental model postulates that the onset of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood is due to subcortical alterations, whereas the disorder’s trajectory into adulthood depends on the development of executive functions. Based on a dimensional framework of ADHD, Coll-Martín et al. (2021) found support for the model in an adult community sample assessed on arousal and executive vigilance. The present study is a preregistered (https://osf.io/tkdq7) close replication of Coll-Martín et al. expressly aimed to test the two predictions of the model. A sample of college students (N = 292 valid; 49% women; 18–30 years, M = 21.7) from a Spanish university completed self-reports of ADHD symptoms in childhood (retrospectively) and adulthood and performed the online version of an attentional task (the ANTI-Vea). Our preregistered hypotheses achieved an acceptable statistical power for the effects of interest, even after accounting for random measurement error. Despite this, none of them replicated the findings of the original study: Only the unexpected negative correlation between executive vigilance and symptoms in childhood was significant, thereby not supporting the theoretical predictions. The lack of support for the dissociation pattern hypothesized by the neurodevelopmental model was robust to multiverse and exploratory analyses. At least in terms of vigilance, ADHD symptoms seem to share altered neurocognitive pathways across the lifespan, regardless of their time of onset. This challenges the notion of late-onset ADHD as a condition neuropsychologically distinct from child-onset ADHD. Future studies need to include complementary assessment methods and clinical groups.

Development of conductive two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks self-cleaning membrane for enhanced antibiotics rejection and sustainable fouling mitigation

In this study, a novel electroactive NF membrane was constructed for ultrafast rejection of antibiotics with high selectivity and self-cleaning by incorporating a conductive two dimensional metal-organic frameworks (Cu-HHTP) into porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix with facile and scalable non-solvent induced phase inversion strategy. Cu-HHTP membrane showed two orders of magnitude higher permeability (198.4 L m−2 h−1·bar−1) than the commercial and most reported NF membranes without sacrificing rejection toward negatively charged tetracycline (95.4 %), positively charged vancomycin (99.9 %) and neutrally charged valinomycin (99.9 %). Interestingly, loading Cu-HHTP with hydrophilic and porous nature can break the permeability-rejection trade-off effect and the mechanism was due to the improved water channel and pollutants sieving. Furthermore, it has stable antibiotics rejection and high flux recovery rate of 93.9 % for long-term filtration of wastewater over 264 h with low energy consumption of 0.1007 W h/L and without adding chemical cleaning agents, which demonstrated its excellent fouling control and stability. This study may guide the development of advanced self-cleaning NF membranes tailored for removal of small molecular emerging contaminants.

Categorical and dimensional aspects of stimulant medication effects in adult patients with ADHD and healthy controls.

Psychiatric disorders are categorized on the basis of presence and absence of diagnostic criteria using classification systems such as the international classification of diseases (ICD) and the diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders (DSM). The research domain criteria (RDoC) initiative provides an alternative dimensional framework for conceptualizing mental disorders. In the present paper, we studied neural and behavioral effects of central stimulant (CS) medication in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls using categorical and dimensional stratifications. AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) was utilized for the later purpose, and participants were classified as "reactive" or "proactive" based on their baseline proactive behavioral index (PBI). Out of the 65 individuals who participated (33 healthy controls and 32 patients with ADHD), 53 were included in the final analysis that consisted of 31 healthy controls and 22 ADHD patients. For the dimensional stratification, a median split of PBI scores divided participants into "reactive" and "proactive" groups irrespective of whether they had ADHD or not. Participants performed AX-CPT in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after CS medication. We found no significant within or between group CS effect when participants were categorically assigned as healthy controls and ADHD patients. For the dimensional stratification, however, CS selectively increased activation in frontoparietal cognitive areas and induced a shift towards proactive control mode in the reactive group, without significantly affecting the proactive group. In conclusion, the neural and behavioral effects of CS were more clear-cut when participants were stratified into dimensional groups rather than diagnostic categories.

Inequalities in the production and use of cement and concrete, and their consequences for decarbonisation and sustainable development

Concrete is vital for constructing infrastructure and housing, and cement is the key binding material within concrete. Concrete is an enabler of development, as concrete structures are key to delivering societal services in many sectors. Much recent research on cement and concrete has focussed on technical solutions to decarbonisation; however, there is a knowledge gap around how cement and concrete intersect with other facets of sustainable development. This study explores the intersection of cement and concrete with inequalities, both through their production as commodities and through their use in built assets. An exploratory analysis of this issue was carried out, comprising an evaluation of industry associations’ conceptions of sustainable development and inequalities, an analysis of underlying power dynamics for several inequality issues using Lukes’ three dimensional framework of power, and a reflection on how certain inequalities may pose risks to achieving decarbonisation and sustainable development aims. Our study shows that industry associations’ narratives around sustainable development generally lack a detailed vision for addressing inequalities, in comparison to their focus on decarbonisation. We find that inequalities are a systemic issue for cement and concrete, spanning intra- and inter-national scales, and all three dimensions of power. These findings highlight that several inequalities are consequential from structural, underlying inequalities, whilst other inequalities are specific to the sectors themselves. The cement and concrete sectors are recommended to develop their conception of inequalities in relation to sustainable development: this can help reduce inequalities within their own workforces more effectively, and also reduce the risks of missing their decarbonisation targets. For large, complex socio-technical systems, such as cement and concrete, it is vital for consideration of inequalities to inform strategic planning with regards to decarbonisation and sustainable development.

First Psychometric Evaluation of the English Version of the Semi-Structured Interview for Personality Functioning (STiP-5.1)

The Alternative Model for Personality Disorders provides a dimensional framework for the conceptualization of personality disorders where Criterion A concerns the assessment of one’s level of personality functioning (LPF). This study examines the psychometric properties of the English translation of the Semi-Structured Interview for Personality Functioning (STiP-5.1) to validate this translation for the assessment of LPF in English-speaking populations; and examine whether this measure increments self-report measures of LPF and personality pathology in predicting general functioning. The sample consisted of 129 emerging adults between 18 and 25 years of age (M = 20.54, SD = 2.08) from a mixed college and clinical sample. Results support a unidimensional factor structure of the STiP-5.1, good internal consistency, and high inter-rater reliability. Construct validity was supported through associations of the STiP-5.1 with self-report measures of LPF and personality pathology. The STiP-5.1 incremented self-report measures of personality pathology in predicting functional impairment, though additional variance explained was modest. Finally, STiP-5.1 scores differentiated individuals who obtained a score at or above the clinical cutoff from those below on self-report measures of personality pathology and LPF with large effect sizes. Findings support the validity of the English translation of the STiP-5.1 for the assessment of LPF.

Core-shell NiCo2S4@C with three dimensional carbon frameworks for enhanced asymmetrical supercapacitor and lithium storage performance

Transition-metal sulfides have been considered as promising candidates for electrochemical supercapacitor and lithium ion batteries. Unfortunately, the shortcomings including large volume change, low conductivity as well as severe structural exfoliation from conductive substrate or current collector inhibit their practical application. Herein, the hydrothermal and solvothermal approach are developed for the controllable synthesis of core-shell NiCo2S4@C with three dimensional carbon frameworks. As an asymmetric supercapacitor, the NiCo2S4@C/YP-50 F displays a high energy density of 46.7 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 0.8 kW kg−1 and the good cycling stability (∼110 % of the initial capacitance retention at 16 kW kg−1 over 2000 cycles). Furthermore, the NiCo2S4@C exhibits the specific capacity of 414 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 2000 mA g−1 when evaluated as anode for lithium ion batteries. The excellent performance can be ascribed to the core-shell structure and the three dimensional carbon frameworks. The synthetic approach can be extended to fabricate other high performance metal sulfides for energy storage.

Large Area Film of Highly Crystalline, Cleavable, and Transferable Semi-Conducting 2D-Imine Covalent Organic Framework on Dielectric Glass Substrate.

Two dimensional (2D) imine-based covalent organic framework (COF), 2D-COF, is a newly emerging molecular 2D polymer with potential applications in thin film electronics, sensing, and catalysis. It is considered an ideal candidate due to its robust 2D nature and precise tunability of the electronic and functional properties. Herein, we report a scalable facile synthesis of 2D imine-COF with control over film thickness (ranging from 100 nm to a few monolayers) and film dimension reaching up to 2 cm on a dielectric (glass) substrate. Highly crystalline 2D imine polymer films are formed by maintaining a quasi-equilibrium (very slow, ∼15 h) in Schiff base condensation reaction between p-phenylenediamine (PDA) and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxaldehyde (TCA) molecules. Free-standing thin and ultrathin films of imine-COF are obtained using sonication exfoliation of 2D-COF polymer. Insights into the microstructure of thin/ultrathin imine-COF are obtained using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), which shows high crystallinity and 2D layered structure in both thin and ultrathin films. The chemical nature of the 2D polymer was established using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Optical band gap measurements also reveal a semiconducting gap. This is further established by electronic structure calculation using density functional theory (DFT), which reveals a semiconductor-like band structure with strong dispersion in bands near conduction and valence band edges. The structural characteristics (layered morphology and microscopic structure) of 2D imine-COF show significant potential for its application in thin film device fabrication. In addition, the electronic structure shows strong dispersion in the frontier bands, making it a potential semiconducting material for charge carrier transportation in electronic devices.