Assessment Of Dimensions Research Articles

Some hope for a dimensional assessment? A critical review of psychometric validated (semi-)structured interview to assess eating disorders.

Given that eating disorders (EDs) are considered one of the deadliest mental illnesses, the development of appropriate assessment instruments is a necessity. Despite the extensive literature on assessing EDs, there has been a lack of focus on semi-structured interviews. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of psychometrically validated semi-structured interviews for EDs. Included studies (N=24) were required to present a semi-structured interview for EDs that has been validated through a psychometric process. The APA PsycNet, MEDLINE, APA Psycinfo, Pubmed, and Health & Psychosocial Instruments databases were searched. The literature search included publications through May 2024, with no earliest year restriction. A total of six instruments were identified and reviewed in terms of conceptual design, purpose and content, psychometric characteristics, and strengths and limitations. Three main findings were highlighted: (a) only half of the instruments are up to date; (b) the instruments are based on either a categorical or a mixed categorical-dimensional approach; and (c) the predominance of the categorical approach. The results are discussed regarding the conceptual approaches of the instrument to provide clinical and research implications. Despite the many strengths of the instrument, additional psychometric research is needed.

The Children’s Somatic Symptoms Inventory-8: Psychometric Properties of a Brief Measure of Somatic Distress

Background: Children often present to primary and specialty care clinics with multiple somatic symptoms of nonspecific origin that can be highly distressing and prompt significant health service use. We evaluated the psychometric properties of the eight-item Children’s Somatic Symptoms Inventory (CSSI-8) as a brief measure of somatic distress that could be easily integrated into clinical systems. Method: Eight items from the 24-item CSSI were selected based on their representation of multiple bodily systems, association with high base rates, and ability to maximize the separation of the items’ Rasch measure scores. The psychometric quality of the eight-item scale was evaluated in 876 pediatric patients with chronic abdominal pain and a nonclinical sample of 954 school children using methods from three psychometric models (the classical test theory, Rasch modeling, and confirmatory factor analysis). Results: The CSSI-8 showed good measurement properties on an extensive array of psychometric criteria, had adequate Rasch person separation reliability for a brief instrument (rsep = 0.74–0.75), and distinguished between clinical and nonclinical youth. Girls in both groups had significantly higher CSSI-8 scores than boys. Norms for the clinical sample are presented. Conclusions: The CSSI-8 is a psychometrically sound measure suitable for use as a brief dimensional assessment of pediatric somatic distress.

Multi Dimensional Relative Vulnerability Assessment of Santhal Pargana, Jharkhand, India

The concept of vulnerability is multifaceted, encompassing a range of socio-economic, environmental, and climatic elements that necessitate comprehensive analysis to fully grasp its implications for affected populations. The study employs a Fuzzy-AHP methodology to conduct a multi-dimensional relative vulnerability (Meteorological, Agricultural and Socio-economic) assessment in Santhal Pargana, located in Jharkhand. Notably, rainfall data from 1900 to 2020 revealed a downward trend. The findings of study indicate that Sahibganj exhibits the lowest vulnerability, while the Godda faces the highest risk. To validate the model's accuracy, we calculated the Area Under Curve (AUC), which yielded a value of 84.3, demonstrating the robustness of our assessment approach.

Dimensional assessment on baseline MRI of soft-tissue sarcomas: longest diameter, sum and product of diameters, and volume-which is the best measurement method to predict patients' outcomes?

The longest diameter (LD) is a strong prognostic factor for patients with soft-tissue sarcoma (STS). Other dimensional assessments, such as the sum of diameters (SoD), product of diameters (PoD), and volume (3D-COG - proposed by the Children Oncology Group), can be rapidly performed; however, their prognostic values have never been compared to LD. Our goal was to investigate their performance in improving patients' prognostication for STS of the lower limbs. All consecutive adults managed with curative intent at our sarcoma reference center for a newly diagnosed STS of the lower limbs between 2000 and 2017, with pre-treatment MRI, were included in this retrospective study. Multivariable Cox regression models were trained to predict metastasis-free survival (MFS) in a Training cohort of 66.7% patients based on LD, PoD, SoD, or 3D-COG (and systematically including age, histologic grade, histotype, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical margins as covariables). The models were then compared on a validation cohort of 33.3% patients using concordance indices (c-index). The same approach was applied for overall survival (OS) and local relapse-free survival (LFS). Measurement reproducibility among three readers was evaluated with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). 382 patients were included in the survival modeling (72/253 [28.5%] metastatic relapses in Training and 36/129 [27.9%] metastatic relapses in Validation). Higher dimensions were associated with lower MFS (multivariable hazard ratio [HR] = 2.44 and P = 0.0018 for LD; HR = 1.88 and P = 0.0009 for PoD, HR = 1.52 and P = 0.0041 for SoD; and HR = 1.08 and P = 0.0195 for 3D-COG). Higher c-indices were obtained with PoD model in Training (c-index = 0.772) and Validation (c-index = 0.688), but they were not significantly higher thanthose obtained with LD model. None of the measurements was associated with LFS or OS. All measurements demonstrated excellent ICC (> 0.95). Regarding its simplicity and good performance, LD appeared as the best metric to incorporate in prognostic models and nomograms for MFS.

Personality Disorders in Criminal Offenders - A Systematic Literature Review.

We summarized studies investigating measures related to the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) of the DSM-5 and the personality model in ICD-11 in offenders in forensic-psychiatric treatment or prison to evaluate its forensic utility. The reformation of the DSM and ICD with regards to the introduction of dimensional assessments of personality disorders holds many advantages over categorical models concerning clinical utility. With regards to DSM-5 AMPD Criterion A, a limited number of studies (k = 4) report impairments in interpersonal functioning in offenders. Studies assessing Criterion B (k = 13) predominantly report higher personality impairment measures for offenders, especially for antagonism and disinhibition. Due to the heterogeneity of the selected studies, this review cannot draw conclusions with regard to the predictive value of dimensional models for offenders in forensic-psychiatric treatment or prison, but provides initial evidence for the validity and utility of DSM-5 AMPD and ICD-11 in these settings.

Exploring the role of TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-6 serum levels in categorical and noncategorical models of mood and psychosis

Psychotic and mood disorders are discussed as part of the same continuum. The potential role of immune dysregulation in defining their clinical presentations, however, remains unclear. Differences in TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β levels were investigated in 143 patients with schizophrenia (SCH = 63) and bipolar disorder (BD = 80), in remission. Cytokines were evaluated against the dimensional assessment of psychosis and affective symptoms using the schizo-bipolar scale, together with the severity of the same symptom domains measured by the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS). Lower TGF-β was associated with more lifetime episodes, family risk for psychosis, and more severe mood and psychotic symptoms in all patients. BPRS Affect symptoms domain correlated with lower TGF-β levels in BD, and higher TGF-β levels in SCH patients. Using moderated mediation analysis, TGF-β was a relevant predictor only in the setting of non-categorical symptom distribution, with familial risk for psychosis confirmed as a significant moderator. Severity of BPRS Affect symptoms domain was an independent predictor of inclination towards the psychosis spectrum. The underlying immune dysregulation may be shared by the disorders, rather than a unique characteristic of each, having significant implications for our understanding of the continuum vs. categorical approach to psychosis and mood disorders.

Smart dimensional quality assessment of embedded steel plates based on images and laser data fusion

Abstract Accurate and efficient positioning is critical to ensuring the dimensional quality assessment of embedded steel plates. However, traditional manual measurement methods struggle to efficiently measure and evaluate these plates. Vision-based measurement methods offer advantages such as high resolution, fast data acquisition, and processing speed, allowing accurate measurement of 2D coordinates. LiDAR can capture highly accurate point clouds, due to the unordered nature of point clouds, processing and analysis require significant computational resources. This paper proposes a method for smart 3D localization of embedded steel plates using image and laser data. (1) We introduce an improved Rectangular Diagonal Constraint Harris (RDC-Harris) corner detection method and achieve subpixel 2D corner detection of embedded plates based on deep learning；(2) Given a calibrated camera-LiDAR, we develop a smart detection algorithm guided by 2D image bounding boxes, achieving 3D corner localization. In indoor testing and engineering applications, this method effectively ensures the dimensional quality of embedded steel plates. Compared to traditional manual inspection, the measurement efficiency reaches 10 minutes per station, with an accuracy of 2.12 mm.

Full-scale application of dimensional quality assessment on precast slabs: A scan planning approach

Ensuring precise dimensional quality of individual precast concrete (PC) slabs is crucial to guarantee smooth assembly at construction sites. Although many studies have been conducted to increase the accuracy of dimensional quality assessment (DQA), there has been few studies that systematically determine best locations where accuracy is maximized and scanning time is minimized. To tackle this issue, this study presents a scan planning technique for rapid and accurate DQA of PC slabs. A two-scan strategy along the longitudinal direction is proposed as PC slabs are lengthy to avoid the effect of large incident angle. A series of experimental tests are conducted and the results show a DQA accuracy of 3.1 mm within 582 s for a full-scale slab with 12-m long, outperforming the previous study by 4.6 %. The findings of this study are expected to be useful for accurate and rapid DQA of PC slabs.

Three dimensional radiological assessment of the mediopalatine suture ossification and its correlation with biological age and orthodontic anomaly

Introduction. Evaluating the ossification of the mediopalatine suture is crucial when considering Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) as a treatment option. Three-dimensional imaging, such as CBCT, enhances clinical practice in orthodontics by enabling personalized treatment based on individual patient characteristics. Objective. This study aimed to assess the morphology and degree of ossification/skeletal maturation of the mediopalatine suture using 3D imaging (CBCT). The secondary aim was to correlate the stages of suture maturation with patient age and skeletal anomalies. Material and method. CBCT images from 56 patients (aged 11 to 65 years) were analyzed. The mediopalatine suture maturation stages were determined according to Angelieri’s classification. Dental anomalies were diagnosed using comprehensive documentation. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate maturation stages with patient age and dental anomalies. Results. There was a weak and statistically non-significant negative correlation between patient age and suture maturation stage. Gender did not significantly influence the ossification of the mediopalatine suture. Conclusions. These findings suggest that the degree of ossification of the mediopalatine suture is independent of both the age of the patients and the presence of orthodontic anomalies.

Dimensional and Hierarchical Assessment of American Kennel Club Breeds and Behavioral Trait Descriptions

The AKC functions as the largest and most influential dog breed registry and breed standard information source in the United States. AKC breed standards describe the breed’s overall appearance and behavior. Despite their popularity, the AKC behavioral descriptions and the traits used to quantify them have largely remained unexplored. In this study, we used eleven behavioral breed standard traits for 286 breeds collected for the official AKC source. Dog size and appearance were also evaluated. We employed pairwise correlation and factor analysis to define behavioral trait constructs and hierarchical clustering methods to evaluate the similarity of breed profiles. These methods revealed that although AKC data exhibit various individual correlations concurrent with known canine behavior, many breeds present behavioral trait constructs that do not align with the narratives presented in their standard and may be lacking crucial factors in dog behavior, as suggested by breed group clustering. Our dimensional analysis revealed three constructs, which we labeled as “Social Engagement”, “Pet Demands”, and “Vigilance”, that are very important and relevant to pet ownership. These results emphasize the importance of standardized observations when quantifying behavior and provide an overarching context regarding the strengths and weaknesses of these descriptions, allowing readers to better understand and predict their pet’s behavior.

Quality control of 3D printing in bioarchaeology: a case study on dimensional assessment of cranial models

In the last few years, 3D printing has gained widespread use in archaeology and cultural heritage fields, from research and conservation to enriching museum experiences. This study focuses on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology to assess the quality of printed replicas of archaeological human remains. A cranial model was 3D printed (3DP) from Computed Tomography (CT) data of an 8-year-old patient to simulate the remains of an archaeological skull. Eight copies were then printed and subjected to CT scanning to compare them to the original model through an objective measurement method based on image analysis. The proposed method investigates print variability and considers potential sources of error to assess the dimensional compatibility of the model before and after printing. Results showed an increasing error, up to 15 %, with higher levels of model detail. These results are discussed with reference to a metrological approach, highlighting the need for further research into optimizing 3D printing quality control, including through the definition of a standardized protocol to obtain archaeological replicas faithful to the originals.

The interplay of personality pathology and treatment outcome in psychosomatic psychotherapy: A longitudinal analysis using latent change score modelling

IntroductionWhile ample data demonstrate the effectiveness of inpatient psychosomatic treatment, clinical observation and empirical evidence demonstrate that not all patients benefit equally from established therapeutic methods. Especially patients with a comorbid personality disorder often show reduced therapeutic success compared to other patient groups. Due to the heterogeneous and categorical personality assessment, previous studies indicated no uniform direction of this influence. This complicates the derivation of therapeutic recommendations for mental disorders with comorbid personality pathology. MethodsAnalyzing n = 2094 patients from German university hospitals enrolled in the prospective “MEPP” study, we tested the dynamic interaction between dimensionally assessed personality functioning and psychopathology of anxiety and depression. ResultsLongitudinal structural equation modelling replicated the finding that the severity of symptoms at admission predicts symptom improvement within the same symptom domain. In addition, we here report a significant coupling parameter between the baseline level of personality function and the change in general psychopathology - and vice versa. Discussion and conclusionThese results imply that personality pathology at admission hinders the therapeutic improvement in anxiety and depression, and that improvement of personality pathology is hindered by general psychopathology. Furthermore, the covariance between both domains supports the assumption that personality functioning and general psychopathology cannot be clearly distinguished and adversely influence each other. A dimensional assessment of the personality pathology is therefore recommendable for psychotherapy research and targeted therapeutic treatment.

Effect of Physical Activity Behaviors, Team Sports, and Sitting Time on Body Image and Exercise Dependence.

This study aimed to evaluate whether the type and degree of physical activity commitment (i.e., team sport athletes, highly active individuals, sedentary behavior) influence body image and exercise behavior. A total of 96 participants (46 women and 50 men; age: 22.7 ± 2.7 years; height: 170 ± 8.6 cm; weight: 67.6 ± 10.8 kg) were divided in six groups: female volleyball and male football players (student athletes classified as Tier 2), highly physically active women and men, with high sitting time completed the Body Image Dimensional Assessment and the 21-item Exercise Dependence Scale to evaluate body dissatisfaction and level of dependency on exercise. The Body Image Dimensional Assessment is a silhouette-based scale, where three direct indices are derived from the participants' responses: body dissatisfaction, sexual body dissatisfaction, and comparative body dissatisfaction. The Exercise Dependence Scale is a six-point Likert scale that evaluates seven dimensions of exercise dependence (tolerance, withdrawal, intention effects, lack of control, time, reductions in other activities, and continuance) and provides an overall score. A multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine the effects of different levels of physical activity, team sport participation (volleyball and football), and sedentary behavior (i.e., high sitting time) on participants' body image indices and dimensions of exercise dependence according to sex. Volleyball players showed significantly higher body dissatisfaction than football players (d = 0.99) and the physically active men group (d = 2.31), who had lower values than sedentary women group (d = 1.68). Football players had lower comparative body dissatisfaction values than volleyball players (d = 1.70) and sedentary women (d = 1.69), who had higher values than sedentary men (d = 1.04). Sedentary women had a significantly lower exercise dependence scale score than volleyball players (d = 1.71), football players (d = 1.12), and physically active men (d = 1.21). The findings highlight the impact of regular physical activity on body dissatisfaction and the variance in body image perceptions between the sexes. Moreover, the high exercise dependence values found in volleyball and football players and physically active men suggest an effect of intense training and maladaptive exercise behaviors, underlining the need for comprehensive strategies to address exercise dependence.

Ultrasonic imaging of concrete-embedded corroded steel liners using linear and nonlinear evaluation

ABSTRACT This study explores the efficacy of horizontally polarised shear (SH) waves in ultrasonic inspection of concrete-embedded steel liner plates, focusing on corrosion detection. SH-waves are found to significantly improve the localisation and potential dimensional assessment of embedded plate-like structures compared to compressional (P) waves, as evidenced by SH C-scans. Anomalies corresponding to severe corrosion are discernible in SH C-scans, whereas they are minimally visible in P-wave scans. Nonlinear evaluation explores harmonic-based imaging, including second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation. Nonlinear SH-wave evaluation accurately locates the most severely corroded embedded plate, whereas comparative P-wave evaluations fail. However, potential FFT sidelobe contamination in the results warrants consideration. These results suggest a promising use for nonlinear waveform distortion in SH-wave-based corrosion detection though conclusive evidence of the source of SHG is uncertain. Experiments utilised an automatic scanner system for consistent control. The concrete specimen investigated herein contained pre-corroded plates which hint at heightened nonlinear effects when corrosion occurs post-embedment due to corrosion-induced cracking. These findings encourage further investigation into SH-waves for nonlinear ultrasonic detection of concrete-embedded steel liner plates and the development of instrumentation tailored to such methods.

Design, Fabrication, and Commissioning of Transonic Linear Cascade for Micro-Shock Wave Analysis

Understanding shock wave behavior in supersonic flow environments is critical for optimizing the aerodynamic performance of turbomachinery components. This study introduces a novel transonic linear cascade design, focusing on advanced blade manufacturing and experimental validation. Blades were 3D-printed using Inconel 625, enabling tight control over the geometry and surface quality, which were verified through extensive dimensional accuracy assessments and surface finish quality checks using coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). Numerical simulations were performed using Ansys CFX with an implicit pressure-based solver and high-order numerical schemes to accurately model the shock wave phenomena. To validate the simulations, experimental tests were conducted using Schlieren visualization, ensuring high fidelity in capturing the shock wave dynamics. A custom-designed test rig was commissioned to replicate the specific requirements of the cascade, enabling stable and repeatable testing conditions. Experiments were conducted at three different inlet pressures (0.7-bar, 0.8-bar, and 0.9-bar gauges) at a constant temperature of 21 °C. Results indicated that the shock wave intensity and position are highly sensitive to the inlet pressure, with higher pressures producing more intense and extensive shock waves. While the numerical simulations aligned broadly with the experimental observations, discrepancies at finer flow scales suggest the need for the further refinement of the computational models to capture detailed flow phenomena accurately.

Development and validation of the Upstream Social Interaction Risk Scale (U-SIRS-13): a scale to assess threats to social connectedness among older adults.

Social interactions are essential to social connectedness among older adults. While many scales have been developed to measure various aspects of social connectedness, most are narrow in scope, which may not be optimally encompassing, practical, or relevant for use with older adults across clinical and community settings. Efforts are needed to create more sensitive scales that can identify "upstream risk," which may facilitate timey referral and/or intervention. The purposes of this study were to: (1) develop and validate a brief scale to measure threats to social connectedness among older adults in the context of their social interactions; and (2) offer practical scoring and implementation recommendations for utilization in research and practice contexts. A sequential process was used to develop the initial instrument used in this study, which was then methodologically reduced to create a brief 13-item scale. Relevant, existing scales and measures were identified and compiled, which were then critically assessed by a combination of research and practice experts to optimize the pool of relevant items that assess threats to social connectedness while reducing potential redundancies. Then, a national sample of 4,082 older adults ages 60 years and older completed a web-based questionnaire containing the initial 36 items about social connection. Several data analysis methods were applied to assess the underlying dimensionality of the data and construct measures of different factors related to risk, including item response theory (IRT) modeling, clustering techniques, and structural equation modeling (SEM). IRT modeling reduced the initial 36 items to create the 13-item Upstream Social Interaction Risk Scale (U-SIRS-13) with strong model fit. The dimensionality assessment using different clustering algorithms supported a 2-factor solution to classify risk. The SEM predicting highest risk items fit exceptionally well (RMSEA = 0.048; CFI = 0.954). For the 13-item scale, theta scores generated from IRT were strongly correlated with the summed count of items binarily identifying risk (r = 0.896, p < 0.001), thus supporting the use of practical scoring techniques for research and practice (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80). The U-SIRS-13 is a multidimensional scale with strong face, content, and construct validity. Findings support its practical utility to identify threats to social connectedness among older adults posed by limited physical opportunities for social interactions and lacking emotional fulfillment from social interactions.

Automated recognition and rebar dimensional assessment of prefabricated bridge components from low-cost 3D laser scanner

Dimension quality inspections for rebar spacing and length of prefabricated bridge components are critical for subsequent efficient assembly on-site. Currently, the traditional manual inspection method is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and error-prone. The existing commercial 3D LiDAR-based methods are difficult in making balances between inspection cost, efficiency, and accuracy. Thus, the automated recognition and segmentation method of 3D point clouds acquired by a self-developed low-cost LiDAR is proposed to evaluate the rebar spacing and length of bridge prefabricated components. Due to the high-cost commercial 3D laser scanner, a spinning 2D LiDAR-based low-cost 3D laser scanner device and geometric calibration model were developed to acquire the 3D spatial point cloud. Then, two-stage automated point cloud segmentation framework is proposed with coarse extraction of the point cloud in the interest region and fine recognition of point cloud using machine learning methods, including plane segmentation and circle fitting employing random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm, and rebars segmentation utilizing Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm. The proposed system was evaluated in two prefabricated concrete columns and shows the potential for improving the quality inspection efficiency and accuracy.

Unidimensional community detection: A monte carlo simulation, grid search, and comparison.

Unidimensionality is fundamental to psychometrics. Despite the recent focus on dimensionality assessment in network psychometrics, unidimensionality assessment remains a challenge. Community detection algorithms are the most common approach to estimate dimensionality in networks. Many community detection algorithms maximize an objective criterion called modularity. A limitation of modularity is that it penalizes unidimensional structures in networks, favoring two or more communities (dimensions). In this study, this penalization is discussed and a solution is offered. Then, a Monte Carlo simulation using one- and two-factor models is performed. Key to the simulation was the condition of model error or the misfit of the population factor model to the generated data. Based on previous simulation studies, several community detection algorithms that have performed well with unidimensional structures (Leading Eigenvalue, Leiden, Louvain, and Walktrap) were compared. A grid search was performed on the tunable parameters of these algorithms to determine the optimal trade-off between unidimensional and bidimensional recovery. The best-performing parameters for each algorithm were then compared against each other as well as maximum likelihood factor analysis and parallel analysis (PA) with mean and 95th percentile eigenvalues. Overall, the Leiden and Louvain algorithms and PA methods were the most accurate methods to recover unidimensional and bidimensional structures and were the most robust to model error. More nuanced method recommendations for specific unidimensional and bidimensional conditions are provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Positive psychological functioning, resilience and styles of coping as buffers against suicidal behaviours. A case-control study

BackgroundStudies in the literature mainly focus on understanding the risk factors for suicide, giving little relevance to protective variables. This study aimed at exploring the specific contribution of protective variables (resilience, coping and psychological well-being) in hospitalized suicide attempt (SA) makers. MethodsWe recruited 50 inpatients who made a SA before admission and 50 inpatients with no history of SA matched for DSM-5 diagnosis, gender and age. Protective variables were evaluated with: Brief COPE questionnaire, Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS-15), Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB-18). Psychopathological features and symptom severity were assessed with: Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), Rapid Dimensional Assessment Scale (SVARAD), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impressions (CGI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS17). ResultsThe DRS-15 total score was significantly lower in SA makers. SA makers displayed significantly lower scores on the Engagement and Cognitive Restructuring subscales of the Brief COPE. On the PWB-18, the Self-Acceptance subscale score was lower in SA makers. LimitationsThe small sample size suggests the need for caution in interpreting the results. Matching was carried out by excluding diagnoses of personality disorders. ConclusionsPatients hospitalized following a SA are more often diagnosed with personality disorders, have deficit areas concerning resilience and coping, and lower psychological well-being compared to patients without a SA. When approaching a patient who has committed a SA, it may be useful to evaluate protective variables as well as risk factors, and encourage the development of adaptive coping mechanisms and positive self-evaluation through more dynamic therapeutic paths.

Efficacy of a Meichenbaum-Based Treatment Program for Enhancing Psychological Immunity and Reducing Social Anxiety in Secondary School Students

Objective: The purpose of this study was to design a psychological treatment program based on Meyer's theory to increase psychological resilience and reduce social anxiety among secondary school students in Riyadh. Methods: A total of 973 secondary school students participated in the initial assessment, which revealed a 24.8% decrease in psychological resilience and a 23.7% increase in social anxiety. Out of this group, 28 students between 16 and 20 years (= 17 years) were randomly selected and divided into an experimental group and a control group. The treatment program was made for the current experiment only for the experimental group. Results: This proved to be true through the differences noted in the scores on the dimensional assessments, where the experimental group had increased extents of psychological resilience and reduced social anxiety. As a result, there were no statistically significant differences between the dimensional and follow-up assessments of psychological resilience as well as social anxiety levels within the experimental group. Conclusion: The study's outcomes demonstrated a positive impact of the intended psychological treatment program, leading to an increase in psychological readiness among the secondary school students in the group and a decrease in social anxiety levels. It presents an opportunity that supports developmental, preventive, and therapeutic approaches towards students' mental health and disorders, specifically severe social anxiety.