Dimension RxL Research Articles

Influence of sleep quality and other associated factors on glycemic control among diabetic patients: A hospital-based study

The glycemic control of diabetes patients is influenced by a variety of risk factors, some of which are adjustable and others of which are not. Diabetes and sleep quality are most frequently correlated in both directions. To evaluate the quality of sleep and pinpoint the risk factors for inadequate glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. : This cross-sectional study included seventy consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale was used to evaluate the quality of sleep. Siemens- ID 29984, dimension RxL Max, Architect plus ABBOT (ci 4100), completely automatic seven-part cell-counter by Horiba Pentra Dx and Siemens ADVIA Centaur XPT (Immonoassay system) were utilized for the biochemical tests.: Of the 70 participants in the study, 22 patients [31.4%] reported having good sleep quality, while 15 patients [21.4%] had average sleep quality and 33 patients [47.1%] had poor sleep quality. Patients with managed and uncontrolled blood sugar showed varying degrees of sleep quality; 48.4% and 17.9% showed good sleep quality, 29% and 15.4% showed moderate sleep quality, and 22.6% and 66.7% showed poor sleep quality. A statistically significant difference (p<0.001) was seen in the sleep quality of the two groups. : In summary, the results of our study suggested that diabetics with poor sleep quality are more likely to have poor glycemic control. A significant modifiable risk factor for improved glycemic management in diabetic patients is sleep quality.

Hypomagnesemia in Type II Diabetes

Background and aims. Magnesium (Mg) is an important cofactor in a number of important enzymatic reaction and appears to play an important role in glucose metabolism and insulin homeostasis. There is a link between mg deficiency and type 2 diabetes. The present study was conducted to estimate serum mg levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) patients and to correlate these levels with pathogenesis. Methods. A total of 70 samples were collected from males and females aged from 20 to 80 years to compare the level of mg in each of them, and the samples were divided into two groups, group1 (n=40) for patients with type II diabetes and group2 (n=30) for healthy people. People with other chronic diseases such as hypertension, heart disease and thyroid disease were excluded. The percentage of mg was determined in the (Dimension RXL Max). Results. About 49 females out of 70 that represent 70% of our community whereas 21 males that represent 30 %. 30 of participants (42.9%) were non-diabetic (Health) while the other 40 participants (57.1%) were diabetic (patients). Although there was a negative correlation between the two variables, this difference was not significant (p =.238). Conclusion. Our research demonstrated an inverse relationship between magnesium levels and HbA1c in individuals with DM2. Our study adds to the existing evidence for this negative correlation, elucidating the intricate connections that give rise to this relationship. To obtain more precise results, future investigations conducted on a broader scale are imperative.

Comparison of Jaffe Method and Enzymatic Method at Measuring Serum Creatinine Level, Creatinine Clearance and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate.

Correct measuring of blood and urine creatinine level is necessary for identification and tracking of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study is a comparison of Jaffe and enzymatic methods for measuring creatinine in serum and in urine, in order to determine whether there are any statistical significant differences between them, and whether they are reflected on creatinine clearance calculation and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Creatinine in serum and urine was measured for the group of patients (N=60; female=34, male=26) from 24 to 69 years of age by using Jaffe's method on Dimension RxL biochemical analyzer, and enzymatic method on integrated biochemical and immunochemical analyzer Architect ci8200, and obtained levels are used for creatinine clearance calculation and eGFR. The methods correlate well, both in measuring serum creatinine (r 1 = 0.990) and in measuring urine creatinine (r 2 =0.974). There are no statistically significant differences between them (p=0.57). Measuring creatinine using different methods showed no statistically significant differences in the calculated clearances (p=0.93), they significantly correlate (r=0.9722). eGFR, using the MDRD and CKD-EPI formulas, were not statistically significantly different, regardless of the used method. Apart from significant correlations between the used methods, the results of using the Jaffe and enzymatic methods showed no significant differences at measuring serum creatinine level, or creatinine clearance and glomerular filtration rate.

Comparison of Jaffe Method and Enzymatic Method at Measuring Serum Creatinine Level, Creatinine Clearance and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate.

Correct measuring of blood and urine creatinine level is necessary for identification and tracking of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study is a comparison of Jaffe and enzymatic methods for measuring creatinine in serum and in urine, in order to determine whether there are any statistical significant differences between them, and whether they are reflected on creatinine clearance calculation and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Creatinine in serum and urine was measured for the group of patients (N=60; female=34, male=26) from 24 to 69 years of age by using Jaffe's method on Dimension RxL biochemical analyzer, and enzymatic method on integrated biochemical and immunochemical analyzer Architect ci8200, and obtained levels are used for creatinine clearance calculation and eGFR. The methods correlate well, both in measuring serum creatinine (r 1 = 0.990) and in measuring urine creatinine (r 2 =0.974). There are no statistically significant differences between them (p=0.57). Measuring creatinine using different methods showed no statistically significant differences in the calculated clearances (p=0.93), they significantly correlate (r=0.9722). eGFR, using the MDRD and CKD-EPI formulas, were not statistically significantly different, regardless of the used method. Apart from significant correlations between the used methods, the results of using the Jaffe and enzymatic methods showed no significant differences at measuring serum creatinine level, or creatinine clearance and glomerular filtration rate.

M182 Comparative study of the albumin dosage by the purple bromocresol method on Siemens® dimension RXL and bromocresol green on COBAS® Integra 400

M182 Comparative study of the albumin dosage by the purple bromocresol method on Siemens® dimension RXL and bromocresol green on COBAS® Integra 400

Relationship between Sarcopenia in Abdomen CT Scan Results with C-Reactive Protein Level in Colorectal Cancer Patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the third most malignant and the fourth-largest cause of death in the world, one of which is caused by cachexia cancer. Sarcopenia is the main diagnostic criterion for cachexia. The inflammatory response, one of the markers of which is C-Reactive Protein (CRP), is also involved in the occurrence of sarcopenia associated with cachexia cancer. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of sarcopenia and its relationship with CRP preoperative colorectal cancer patients. Methods: This type of observational retrospective analytic study assessed sarcopenia based on the Psoas muscle index (IOP) on preoperative CT scan images and CRP levels measured by an integrated automatic tool Dimension RxL Max with Flex liquid reagent preoperative CRP range (RCRP). Results: Sarcopenia occurs in male colorectal cancer patients with a p-value of 0.001<0.05 (5%) with an IOP mean value of 26.75 m2, while in female patients the IOP mean value was 21.33 m2, it does not occur sarcopenia with p-value 0.583>0.05 (5%). There was an increase in CRP in 62.5% of colorectal cancer patients, but the relationship between IOP values and CRP values of colorectal cancer patients was still categorized as weak with p value of -0.387 in men and -0.046 in women with α=0.05. Conclusion: There was a nonsignificant relationship between sarcopenia and CRP levels in colorectal cancer patients. Further prospective studies are required to consider the indicators of sarcopenia besides the decrease in IOP and identification of confounding factors known to be associated with CRP, muscle strength, and muscle mass.

Impact of pesticide residues (chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, profenophos) on health and liver marker values alkaline phosphate (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and (AST) among workers of pesticide formulation & packing plants in Pakistan

Objective: To evaluate the impact of pesticide residues (chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, profenophos) on health and liver marker values alkaline phosphate (ALP), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) among workers of pesticide formulation & packaging plants in Pakistan Materials and Methods: A hundred workers of the age group between 20-50 years working, for at least a year, at various pesticide formulation & packaging units were included in the present study. One hundred workers, apparently healthy, with no history of pesticide exposure - after matching age, sex and social status - were taken as control. Biochemical tests ALP, AST and ALT, were carried out using chemistry autoanalyzer, Dimension RXL (Dade Behring). Pesticide residues (chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, profenophos) were carried out employing gas chromatograph electron capture detector GCECD 2010, Shimadzu Japan. Results: In current study 100 workers of pesticide industry were taken and ALP, AST and ALT of 80 workers out of 100 were found to be within the normal limits. However, 20 workers had unusually raised levels of ALP ALT and AST. These twenty workers showed pesticide residues of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, profenopos in their blood. Conclusions: the pesticide residual level of all the workers were very low (below the no observable adverse affect level NOAEL) and were not too significant to create health problems. Key Words: Pesticide industrial workers; Residue; Serum; Enzymes

Comparison of Point of Care Versus Laboratory Autoanalyzer Measurements of Sodium and Potassium Levels in Patients Admitted from the Emergency Department

Electrolyte problems are one of the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the sick patients coming to the Emergency. Electrolytes measured in central lab usually takes 30-60 minutes or more whereas point of care device can give results within 5 to 10 minutes, however different instruments available and their values varies accordingly. Therefore, this study was done to investigate whether electrolyte i.e. sodium and potassium levels assessed using point of care device and auto analysers were equivalent. Methods: We prospectively studied patients admitted from Emergency Department between January 2021 to October 2021. We had taken 60 paired convenience samples and analysed sodium and potassium levels in point of care device (epoc POC device, Siemens) and in Central Lab Auto Analyser (Siemens Dimension RxL Max Integrated chemistry analyzer or in Johnson & Johnson chemistry analyser model number 51 FS). Statistical method to compare the data included Boxplot view, Regression line, Spearman’s correlation coefficient’s, paired t-test for potassium and Wilcox test for sodium correlation, Regression equation, Deming regression and Bland Altman plots.

Correlation between APRI, FIB-4 and GPR Indices to Fibroscan and HBeAg Status in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Liver fibrosis is a complication of chronic hepatitis B. Early detection of liver fibrosis is important for therapy. The aspartate aminotransferase index (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and the fibrosis index based on 4 factors (FIB-4) in chronic hepatitis B have been widely studied despite the inconsistent results. Research on other serum markers is extensively carried out, including Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT)-to-platelet ratio (GPR). Previous studies have shown that the GPR index was more accurate than APRI and FIB-4. HBeAg status is an indication for therapy. There have not been many studies on the correlation of serum markers with HBeAg status. This study aimed to determine the correlation of APRI, FIB-4, and GPR with Fibroscan and HBeAg status in chronic hepatitis B patients. A cross-sectional study was carried out from June to September 2020 and found 50 chronic hepatitis B patients. Platelet count was measured using a Sysmex XN-1000 hematology device; AST, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and GGT levels were measured using the Dimension RXL clinical chemistry device; and the degree of fibrosis was determined using transient elastography (Fibroscan). Spearman correlation test was used in this study for the correlation analysis. The results showed a significant correlation between APRI, FIB-4 and GPR indices with Fibroscan (r=0.454, p 0.001; r=0.610, p < 0.001; r=0.540, p < 0.001, respectively). A significant correlation was found between APRI, FIB-4 and GPR indices with negative (-) HBeAg (r=0.486, p 0.004; r=0.648, p < 0.001; r=0.595, p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, a significant correlation was found between FIB-4 and positive (+) HBeAg (r=0.499, p 0.049), but no correlation was found between APRI and GPR with positive (+) HBeAg (r=0.295, p 0,267; r=0.386, p 0.140, respectively).

Evaluation of interference from hemoglobin C, D, E and S traits on measurements of hemoglobin A1c by fifteen methods

BackgroundHemoglobin C, D Punjab, E or S trait can interfere with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) results. We assessed whether they affect results obtained with 15 current assay methods. MethodsHemoglobin AA (HbAA), HbAC, HbAD Punjab, HbAE and HbAS samples were analyzed on 2 enzymatic, 4 ion-exchange HPLC and 9 immunoassay methods. Trinity Premier Hb9210 boronate affinity HPLC was the comparative method. An overall test of coincidence of least-squared linear regression lines was performed to determine if HbA1c results were statistically significantly different from those of HbAA samples. Clinically significant interference was defined as >6% difference from HbAA at 6 or 9% HbA1c compared to Premier Hb9210 using Deming regression. ResultsAll methods showed statistically significant effects for one or more variants. Clinically significant effects were observed for the Tosoh G11 variant mode (HbAD), Roche b 101 (HbAC and HbAE) and Siemens DCA Vantage (HbAE and HbAS). All other methods (Beckman Coulter B93009 and B00389 on DxC700AU, and Unicel DxC, Ortho Clinical Vitros 5.1, Roche cobas c 513, Siemens Dimension RxL and Vista, and Enzymatic on Advia and Atellica, Tosoh G8 5.24 and 5.28, and GX) showed no clinically significant differences. ConclusionsA few methods showed interference from one or more variants. Laboratories need to be aware of potential HbA1c assay interferences.

Analysis of performance of clinical biochemistry laboratory using Sigma metrics and Quality Goal Index

BackgroundUnreliable and ingenuine results issued by clinical laboratories have serious consequences for the patients. Sigma metrics is a standardized tool for Quality assessment for test performance in a laboratory. ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of routine biochemistry laboratory at MMIMSR, Mullana in terms of Sigma metrics and Quality Goal Index. Material and methodsThis cross sectional study evaluated performance of 14 routine chemistry parameters using retrospective Internal Quality Control data of two levels on Siemens Dimension Rxl from Feb to Jul 2019 for CV% and EQAS reports from CMC, Vellore for Bias%. Sigma metrics was calculated using total allowable error targets as per CLIA and Biological Variability database guidelines. ResultsFor level-2 IQC; TG, Chol, ALP showed excellent performance with σ ​> ​6 while σ ​< ​3 was observed for AST, Total Protein, Glucose, BUN and ALT using CLIA guidelines while in IQC Level-3 poor performers were only BUN and ALT with Ca, TG and Chol showing σ ​> ​6. Further by using Biological Variability data guidelines; 10 parameters of IQC Level-2 and 5 of IQC level-3 were poor performers with σ ​< ​3. ConclusionSigma metrics is an excellent tool for performance analysis of tests performed in a clinical laboratory. Lack of precision in terms of CV% was seen for majority of the poor performers. Total allowable error targets using Biological Variability data revealed σ ​< ​3 for 10 parameters while using CLIA guidelines σ ​< ​3 was seen for only 5 parameters of IQC level-2.

Serum Iron Indices in Patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis- A Comparative Study

Introduction: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder whose etiopathogenesis is still under investigation. Studies have reported altered serum iron levels in patients with OSMF. Hence, iron has been proposed to play an important role in the incidence and progression of the disease. This study was undertaken to understand the role of iron in the etiopathogenesis of OSMF by estimating haemoglobin and serum iron indices (serum iron, Total iron binding capacity [TIBC], percentage transferrin saturation and serum ferritin) in subjects with OSMF. Materials and Methods: Study group comprised of patients with histopathologically confirmed OSMF (n = 30). Age and sex matched subjects with clinically normal mucosa were selected as control group (n = 15). Hemoglobin, serum ferritin, serum iron, and TIBC were estimated (Siemens Dimension RXL Max Integrated chemistry system™). Statistical analysis used: SPSSv16 was used for statistical analysis. Independent sample t test was performed to compare the values between the study group and control group. ‘p’ value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: There was a significant decrease in the haemoglobin, serum iron percentage transferrin saturation, serum ferritin levels and an increase in TIBC levels in the study (OSMF) group when compared to the control group (P

Jaffe's kinetic method comparison between isotope dilution mass spectrometry standardized versus nonstandardized method

INTRODUCTION: Serum creatinine is estimated by several methods in different laboratories, having varying degrees of bias and imprecision, leading to different values across the laboratories with the same sample. To reduce the interlaboratory variations in creatinine assay, creatinine standardization program was established by the National Kidney Disease Education Program Laboratory Working Group and recommended that creatinine calibration should be done with material traceable to an Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) reference measurement procedure. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the serum creatinine estimated by CRE (calibration nonstandardized IDMS with correction factor) and CRE2 (standardized to IDMS) method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital as a part of validation of CRE2 method. Two hundred samples were selected from individuals aged between 18 and 60 years with normal serum urea, creatinine, and electrolytes based on the CRE2 method. Further, the sample is estimated for serum creatinine by CRE method on the same instrument with a correction factor (Siemens Dimension RXL with LM). Descriptive statistics and Bland–Altman analysis were used to describe the population and check for agreement between the methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The average serum creatinine by CRE and CRE2 method was 0.803 mg/dl and 0.809 mg/dl, respectively. Bland–Altman plot shows a good agreement between the methods for serum creatinine with a mean bias of − 0.01 mg/dL for serum creatinine values ranging from 0.4 to 1.4 mg/dL.

CORRELATION OF LIPID PROFILE & BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) OF PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Background: Sedentary daily life have an impact on the prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome disorder and results in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia and metabolic disorders that aggravate the risk in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).&#x0D; Methods: In our study Data of 92 males and 112 females, from the age group of 25 to 55 years were selected from December 2018 to July 2019 in a cross sectional manner. Blood sample (3 ml) was collected from each subject. Serum was separated by centrifuging blood at 3000 rpm for 10 min and analyzed for lipid profile by Siemens Dimension RXL max, wet chemistry analyzer. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters.&#x0D; Results: In our hospital based study we estimated the lipid profile in individuals categorized into two groups. (Group 1 BMI &lt;25) and (Group 2 BMI ≥25), we found the values of Triglycerides, LDL and VLDL in Group 1 are lower as compared to Group 2 values for same analytes.&#x0D; Conclusion: Our study found positive correlation between lipid profile and obesity. Results of this cross sectional study again prove that, Obesity predisposes individuals to metabolic syndrome associated ailments.&#x0D; Keywords: BMI, Lipid Profile, Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity, Dyslipidemia

The scientific and practical substantiation of the therapeutic drug monitoring procedure: validation of the analytical method of valproic acid measurement

The need for careful therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) arises for measurement of drugs with a narrow therapeutic index (NTIDs), as well as for assuring their safe and controlled replacement with generics. In particular, this category includes anti-epileptic drugs, which use is associated with the range of issues during the management of therapy effectiveness and safety. One of these examples is valproic acid, which therapeutic concentrations vary greatly depending on the individual patient. The need to substantiate the choice and control of individual optimal dosing regimen of drugs, as well as to provide the rational use of generic NTIDs, determines the relevance of the introduction of TLM in the routine practice of standardized medical care for certain categories of patients, and it requires appropriate scientific and practical justification.Aim. To provide the scientific and practical substantiation of the procedure of TDM by validation of the laboratory method for determining the concentration of valproic acid in the blood plasma.Materials and methods. Analytical, statistical and biological methods were used in the study. Measurement of valproic acid concentration in a standardized sample of the blood plasma was performed by the photometric method using reagents produced by SIEMENS, Inc., USA and the control serum “Chemical control, level1” produced by Bio-Rad, Inc., USA. Measurements were made by a Siemens Bio Dimension RxL Max automatic biochemical analyzer.Results. The limits of intra-laboratory reproducibility by the factor of the laboratory assistant have been estimated as R = 3.25. The assessment of the repeatability and reproducibility of the method by the time factor and in different concentration ranges has shown the absence of gross errors and statistically significant differences in the measurements. It has been found that in the range of 73.8 ± 110 µg/ml valproic acid concentration values determined by this method using the Siemens Dimension RxL Max device can be considered accurate and reliable. The linearity of this method within the range of the concentrations measured has been also proven; it confirms the possibility of its use for measuring the concentration of valproic acid in the blood plasma.Conclusions. The scientific and practical substantiation obtained is necessary for the proper implementation of TDM in the process of providing medical care to particular categories of patients to optimize the individual dosing regimen of NTIDs. In addition, validation of the TDM method allows using it for assuring the safe and controlled generic replacement of NTIDs. The results of the work can be used in the process of further improvement and development of new analytical methods for TDM of valproic acid, as well as other NTIDs.

Factors related to lithium blood concentrations in Chinese Han patients with bipolar disorder.

Background: The goal of this study was to identify the physiological factors related to the blood concentration of lithium in Chinese Han patients with bipolar disorder (BD).Materials and methods: A total of 186 Chinese Han patients with BD were assessed. Patients were recruited from the Anhui Mental Health Center. The concentrations of serum lithium were measured by a Dimension RxL Max biochemistry analyzer. Physiological factors, including body weight, body mass index (BMI), and routine laboratory parameters, were collected. Relationships between the serum lithium concentration and relevant clinical data were analyzed by Pearson correlation tests, and the independent relationships were determined by multivariate linear regression analysis.Results: Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum lithium concentrations were positively correlated with creatinine concentrations (r=0.147, P=0.046), Mg2+ concentrations (r=0.151, P=0.04), and the percentage of neutrophils (r=0.178, P=0.015) and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations (r=−0.142, P=0.05), apolipoprotein A1 concentrations (r=−0.169, P=0.02), and Na+ concentrations (r=−0.148, P=0.046) in 186 patients with BD. Furthermore, multivariate linear regression analysis showed that serum lithium concentrations were negatively associated with Na+ concentrations and positively associated with the percentage of neutrophils.Conclusion: These results suggest that physiological factors, including creatinine, HDL, apolipoprotein A1, Na+, and Mg2+ concentrations and percentage of neutrophils, might be related to serum lithium concentrations and provide a basis for parameter selection of lithium population pharmacokinetics in Chinese Han patients with BD.

“COMPARISON OF A RAPID SEMI-QUANTITATIVE LATEX AGGLUTINATION SLIDE METHOD AGAINST QUANTITATIVE PARTICLE ENHANCED TURBIDIMETRIC IMMUNOASSAY FOR MEASUREMENT OF C- REACTIVE PROTEIN”

Serum C - reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase marker in humans that is useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory disease. CRP measurement also helps in differential diagnosis, in the management of neonatal septicaemia and meningitis where standard microbiological investigations are very much time-consuming. Reliable method (Automated particle enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay) are preferable for routine evaluation of human serum CRP levels. Using such expensive methods in health centres in rural areas is not possible. The aim of this to evaluate whether human CRP levels could be measured by rapid method (Latex agglutination slide method) and compared with reliable method (particle enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay).The study included 400 participants, who attended Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, whose CRP levels were done by particle enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay method in Siemens Dimension Clinical Chemistry Analyzer, RxL and Xpand and compared by rapid method (Latex Agglutination slide method), that will be useful in health centres in rural areas where expensive instruments are not available. We used SPSS for data analysis and Endnote X7 for references management. In present study, out of 400 (217 male and 183 female) participants, we found 337 participants had positive CRP levels (≥0.3 mg/dl) and 63 participants had negative CRP levels (&lt;0.3 mg/dl) by particle enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay method, whereas 303 had positive CRP levels (≥0.6mg/dl) and 97 had negative CRP levels (&lt;0.6mg/dl) by Latex Agglutination slide method. The correlation was positive between two methods with (r = 0.764, P -value &lt;0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 89.9%, 100%, 100%, and 64.94%, respectively, for the Latex Agglutination slide method, and 100%, 64.9%, 89.91% and 100%, respectively, for the particle enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay method. Serum C- reactive protein (CRP) levels can be reliably measured using the particle enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay method, but it is expensive, so we can use Latex agglutination slide method in rural areas for primary diagnosis only.&#x0D; Key Words: CRP, Latex Agglutination slide method, particle enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay method.

Overestimation of Albumin Measured by Bromocresol Green vs Bromocresol Purple Method: Influence of Acute-Phase Globulins.

Usually serum albumin is measured with dye-binding assay as bromocresol green (BCG) and bromocresol purple (BCP) methods. The aim of this paper was to examine the differences in albumin measurements between the Advia2400 BCG method (AlbBCG), Dimension RxL BCP (AlbBCP) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Albumin concentrations from 165 serum samples were analysed using AlbBCG, AlbBCP and CZE. CZE was employed to estimate different serum protein fractions. Influence of globulins on albumin concentration discrepancies between methods was estimated as well as the impact of the albumin method on aCa concentrations. Medcalc was employed for statistical analysis, setting a value of P < 0.05 as significant. Correlation of AlbBCG and AlbBCP was r = 0.948 (p < 0.0001), but mean difference was large. Bland-Altman plots showed greater bias at lower albumin concentrations. AlbBCG were positively biased versus CZE (3.54 g/L). There was good agreement between CZE and ALbBCP (< 1 g/L). The AlbBCG assay bias shows a good correlation with alpha-1-globulin concentrations (r = 0.758); moderate and weak correlations were observed with CRP (r = 0.729) and alpha-2-globulin (r = 0.585); we found no correlation with beta-globulin (r = 0.120) or gamma-globulin (r = -0.303). Mean aCa based on AlbBCG and AlbBCP methods were 2.34 ± 0.15 mmol/L and 2.46 ± 0.16 mmol/L (p < 0.01), with a mean BCG-BCP difference of -0.12. Albumin results from the BCP and BCG methods may result in unacceptable differences and clinical confusion, especially at lower albumin concentrations. Serum acute phase proteins contribute to overestimating the albumin concentration using AlbBCG.

Study of Hematological and Serum Biochemical Profile in Preparturient Murrah Cross Buffaloes in Chitwan District

The aim of this study was to establish the reference values for hematology and serum biochemistry of pre-parturient Murrah crossbred buffaloes of Western Chitwan (Bharatpur Metropolitancity). The study was cross-sectional in which31 apparently healthy pregnant Murrah cross buffaloes ranging from 5-8 years were selected randomly after confirmation by rectal palpation. Blood samples collected from jugular vein were stored in EDTA tubes for hematological analysis and for biochemical analysis centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 20 minutes to separate serum after 1 hour of collection. Hematological indices were determined manually using routine laboratory techniques and serum biochemicals were analysed using automated analyzer (Dimension RXL). Serum biochemicals like Glucose, BUN, Creatinine, Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, AST, ALT, total serum Protein and albumin level were found within the normal range. Similarly, hematologic indices Hb, PCV, Platelet counts, RBC counts, WBC counts, and differential leukocyte counts were also in normal ranges. However, eosinophil (7.83±0.82), and monocyte (4.4±0.53) counts were higher at significant numbers which suggests gastrointestinal parasitic infestations and/or allergic diseases along with some chronic infectious diseases in the buffalo herd of Bharatpur Metropolitancity in western Chitwan.

SCREENING FOR DYSLIPIDEMIA AND EXPEDIENCE OF STATIN THERAPY FOR THE CITIZENS OF TRANSCARPATHIA VALLEY REGIONS WITH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Background. The lipid profiles of patients with overweight, obesity and healthy individuals, the citizens of Transcarpathia valley regions were analysed.Objective. The study was aimed at evaluation of dyslipidaemia frequency in patients with overweight and obesity, determination of expedience of statins prescription.Methods. All patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – patients with overweight; group 2 – patients with obesity of I and II degree. Estimation of lipid profile parameters was conducted by means of spectrophotometric device SIEMENS Dimension RxL Max. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using Microsoft Excel 2007.Results. The patients with obesity had higher level of total cholesterol (6.03±0.53 mmol/l), lower HDL-C (1.15±0.07 mmol/l) and higher level of LDL-C (4.19±0.46 mmol/l) compare with overweight patients.In 46% of patients with overweight, dyslipidaemia was evidenced and required correction, 27% of them had high CVR and needed statin therapy, 19% of people with obesity had moderate CVR and didn’t need statins.77% of obese patients needed lipid correction, 54% of them with very high and averagely high level of CVR required statin therapy; 23% of people with obesity had moderate CVR and did not need statins.Conclusions. In the studied overweight and obese patients, atherogenic dyslipidaemia was established in 46% and 77% of cases respectively. Correction of dyslipidaemia with statin was compulsory for 27% of patients with overweight and for 54% with obesity.