Digital Video Broadcasting System Research Articles

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FOR TELEVISION BROADCASTING EQUIPMENT IN RUSSIA

The operation of uncertified broadcasting equipment located in 85 regions of Russia is the most important problem in the development of regional broadcasting networks in the absence of system requirements for network transmitters and earth stations of satellite repeaters in the «Digital Broadcasting Television. System of terrestrial terrestrial digital television broadcasting of the second generation DVB-T2. Second generation terrestrial digital television broadcasting system DVB-T2» domestic standard. Standard system requirements are the basis for actualization of requirements to the equipment during its certification. Requirements for network transmitters and earth stations of satellite repeaters in single-frequency broadcasting networks based on the author's research, published in domestic and foreign articles, protected by patents of the Russian Federation, are presented. In particular, the system requirements to the equipment for regional multiplex formation, metrological support of SFN (Single Frequency Network) operation and distributed system of DVB-T2 standard broadcasting quality monitoring are formulated. Requirements for assessing the efficiency of SFN networks, which will make it possible to further modernize existing regional networks to improve their reliability and the quality of television and radio broadcasting in all 85 regions of the Russian Federation, and to certify equipment in accordance with the resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation are also presented. The results of the author's research will make it possible to develop a system project for the creation of digital terrestrial television broadcasting in four new regions of Russia. The prospects for the development of DVB-T2 standard equipment at the program level are considered.

A TIME-MIRRORING (TM) SCHEME FOR ICI MITIGATION IN TIME-VARYING CHANNEL FOR DIGITAL VIDEO BROADCASTING (DVB) SYSTEMS

High mobility and high data speeds are now highly important requirements. The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) structure, which suffers from inter-carrier interference (ICI) in time-varying channels, is the basic core method in digital video broadcasting (DVB). Hence, the bit error rate (BER) is declined. In this paper, the time mirroring (TM) based on the symbol time compression (STC) technique for entire ICI suppression for DVB systems is proposed. In addition, some missing analysis for STC technique and ICI power analysis is introduced. Finally, the computational complexity of the proposed TM scheme is determined. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces the ICI power by a significant amount when compared to the other traditional schemes. In comparison to traditional systems, the BER performance is greatly enhanced, and the eye diagram is entirely opened. In addition, as compared to traditional schemes, the proposed approach can handle normalized Doppler frequency by up to 40% and it has about the same computational complexity as the STC scheme but it is more efficient in terms of computational complexity than the traditional OFDM system.

A Joint PAPR Reduction and Digital Predistortion Based on Real-Valued Neural Networks for OFDM Systems

The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction and linearization techniques are both effective methods to improve the efficiency of the transmitter in digital video broadcasting (DVB) systems. Traditional methods deploy the PAPR reduction model and the linearization model, respectively, without considering their mutual influence. Therefore, the joint optimizations of PAPR reduction and linearization techniques are proposed. However, these methods train the PAPR reduction model and the linearization model based on the time-division training method. It is difficult to meet the requirements of multiple objectives. To address this issue, this paper proposes a joint PAPR reduction and digital predistortion (DPD) method using the real-valued neural network (RVNN) for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The proposed method jointly trains the PAPR reduction function and the DPD function with multi-objective optimization, to achieve PAPR reduction and linearization simultaneously. Especially, this method unifies the PAPR reduction function and the DPD function into one model based on RVNN, and no extra processing is required at the receiver. Compared with the traditional methods, the experimental results show that the proposed method has superior performance in PAPR, adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) and bit error rate (BER), while having lower computational complexity.

Optimized Polar Codes as Forward Error Correction Coding for Digital Video Broadcasting Systems

Polar codes are featured by their low encoding/decoding complexity for symmetric binary input-discrete memoryless channels. Recently, flexible generic Successive Cancellation List (SCL) decoders for polar codes were proposed to provide different throughput, latency, and decoding performances. In this paper, we propose to use polar codes with flexible fast-adaptive SCL decoders in Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) systems to meet the growing demand for more bitrates. In addition, they can provide more interactive services with less latency and more throughput. First, we start with the construction of polar codes and propose a new mathematical relation to get the optimized design point for the polar code. We prove that our optimized design point is too close to the one that achieves minimum Bit Error Rate (BER). Then, we compare the performance of polar and Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes in terms of BER, encoder/decoder latencies, and throughput. The results show that both channel coding techniques have comparable BER. However, polar codes are superior to LDPC in terms of decoding latency, and system throughput. Finally, we present the possible performance enhancement of DVB systems in terms of decoding latency and complexity when using optimized polar codes as a Forward Error Correction (FEC) technique instead of Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem (BCH) and LDPC codes that are currently adopted in DVB standards.

Assessment of Total Attenuation and Adaptive Scheme for Quality of Service Enhancement in Tropical Weather for Satellite Networks and 5G Applications in Nigeria

The dynamic weather condition is a major concern for optimum channel utilization in recent times, especially at higher frequencies with larger bandwidth for 5G applications. Over the years, rain-induced attenuation among the hydrometeors has been linked as the major cause of signal impairment especially at the frequency, f ≥ 10 GHz. However, when f > 18 GHz, the significant impact of other hydrometeors; cloud/fog, and scintillation increases tremendously, especially for Low Earth Orbit, LEO satellites. LEO satellites find applications in fibre optics technology, scientific research, remote sensing, surveillance, meteorology, satellite imaging, and other applications. In this paper, the assessment of combined impairments based on 5-year (2012-2016) data has been carried out and a dynamic adaptive intelligent scheme (DAIS) has been adopted to achieve a good quality of service along the satellite channels operating at Ku-V band frequencies over five stations representing different climatic regions in Nigeria namely: Port Harcourt (PH), Akure, Ilorin, Zaria, and Kano. The proposed DAIS based on fuzzy logic was able to achieve a significant reduction in the transmitting power by about 70% and SNR by 50% across the frequencies considered without altering the information content of the downlink parameters, thereby improving the QoS significantly and adhere to Customer Service Level Agreements (CSLAs) irrespective of the weather dynamics. The overall results show that the adaptive intelligent techniques can effectively fix signal links under the dynamic weather conditions for both satellite and wireless networks in this region. Information from the results is timely because it will serve as the bedrock for the newly launched transformation to the digital video broadcasting (DVB) system in Nigeria for effective service delivery.

Implementation of E-education in Africa via space digital video broadcasting system

This paper introduces an advanced E-education provision via space systems for Africa or any other regions in remote dispersed communities, such as rural, mining, agriculture, surveying, construction, tourism, military and etc. Based on the specific needs and requirements E-education implies significant broadband applications, interconnectivity, and timely and quality-assured content delivery of service. The E-education solutions of distance learning and training for remote and rural areas, which are beyond range of terrestrial and short distance wireless cellular facilities, cannot provide broadband access without space-enabled communication solutions, such as satellite constellations and Stratospheric Platform Systems (SPS) or High Altitude Platforms (HAP). This paper also discusses the integration challenges that are presented by combining space solutions for implementation E-education and learning in rural and mobile environments. Configuration of in-house development of all segments, installation of the scale-down Digital Video Broadcasting-Return Channel via Satellite (DVB-RCS) Hub (Gateway), Ground Network and Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT), known as Fixed Interactive Terminals (FIT), for E-education, distance learning and staff training initiative in Africa are described.

Modernization of DVB-S2 Standard Using Signal-Code Constructions Based on Amplitude Modulation of Many Components

It is proposed to modernize the DVB-S2 standard by using AMMC (amplitude modulation of many components) signals instead of 8PSK (8-phase shift keying) and APSK (amplitude-phase shift keying) signals, and to modernize the DVB-S2 standard equipment by using the AMMC modulator and AMMC demodulator. Usage of AMMC makes it possible to reduce the symbol error rate in communication channel up to 52 times. The satellite digital video broadcast systems that apply signal-code constructions based on AMMC are characterized by a higher energy efficiency from 1 to 2.6 dB compared with signal-code constructions based on 8PSK and APSK.

A Full-Band Digital Television Transmitting Antenna Array With Dual-Layer Bowtie Dipole Unit

A full-band digital television (DTV) transmitting antenna array with dual-layer bowtie dipole unit is proposed in this paper. The dual-layer bowtie dipole is utilized as the antenna unit to broaden the frequency bandwidth, and its key parameters are discussed. Besides, a wideband impedance matching network with stepped complex impedance transformers is designed to achieve the full-band low voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). For verification, a prototype is designed, fabricated, and measured. The experimental results agree well with the simulations. The measurement shows a relative bandwidth of 62.4% (455 MHz - 868 MHz) under the criterion of VSWR <; 1.15. Particularly, the VSWR is less than 1.13 within the range of 470 MHz - 862 MHz, (i.e. the full band of the DTV transmitting system). And the proposed antenna maintains a stable gain larger than 11.6 dBi over the operating frequency band with the half-power beam width of $70^{\circ } \pm ~3^{\circ }$ in the horizontal plane, which meets the requirements of the full-band signal transmission in the DTV broadcasting system.

Implementation and Field Trials of OFDM-Based Digital Video Broadcasting System in Commercial Broadcasting Network for Multichannel UHD Service

This paper describes design and implementation of an OFDM-based digital video broadcasting system test platform for multichannel ultra-high definition (UHD) broadcasting services. The developed digital video broadcasting system test platform has been installed in commercial broadcasting station, and trial broadcasting service of the system has been performed through the commercial in-service network. For the performance measurement, field test is also executed. To evaluate the practical performance of the implemented system, a commercial broadcasting set-top box is used. Furthermore, by using measurement receiver, various system performances have been evaluated such as BER, PER, and CNR. Because high efficiency video coding (HEVC) can successfully transmit multimedia contents with a raw data rate of 51.6 Mbps, a multichannel UHD service can be serviced in a single physical 6MHz channel.

Quasi-Optimal Tone Reservation PAPR Reduction Algorithm for Next Generation Broadcasting Systems: A Performance/Complexity/Latency Tradeoff With Testbed Implementation

High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal is a serious issue in multicarrier communication systems, such as second generation terrestrial digital video broadcasting (DVB-T2) systems. These large fluctuations prevent feeding the high power amplifier at an operating point near its non-linear saturation region thereby lowering its power efficiency. In recent years, tone reservation (TR) PAPR reduction techniques have been deeply studied and included in the DVB-T2 and the American digital video broadcasting (ATSC 3.0) specifications. It is based on a gradient iterative approach where, at each iteration, a predefined kernel is used to reduce one peak in time domain. In this paper, a novel TR PAPR reduction technique namely individual carrier allocation for multiple peaks (ICMPs) that is based on a new kernel signal is proposed. This algorithm, compatible with the DVB-T2 standard, offers better performance than the gradient-based DVB-T2 algorithm but suffers with increased complexity for higher modes of DVB-T2 and ATSC 3.0 as the number of required iterations is equal to the number of reserved tones. To overcome this issue, we propose an improved ICMP technique, called grouped ICMP defined with this new kernel. The main principle of this new algorithm consists in dividing the reserved tones into $G$ groups. This highly reduces the number of iterations, now equal to the number of groups, and thereby the latency. An in-depth performance analysis has been done by implementing our algorithm on a testbed platform with real power amplifiers. Both the simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed PAPR reduction algorithm offers very good performance/complexity/latency tradeoff.

Area-Optimized Fully-Flexible BCH Decoder for Multiple GF Dimensions

Recently, there are increasing demands for fully flexible Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) decoders, which can support different dimensions of Galois fields (GF) operations. As the previous BCH decoders are mainly targeting the fixed GF operations, the conventional techniques are no longer suitable for multiple GF dimensions. For the area-optimized flexible BCH decoders, in this paper, we present several optimization schemes for reducing hardware costs of multi-dimensional GF operations. In the proposed optimizations, we first reformulate the matrix operations in syndrome calculation and Chien search for sharing more common sub-expressions between GF operations having different dimensions. The cell-based multi-m GF multiplier is newly introduced for the area-efficient flexible key-equation solver. As case studies, we design several prototype flexible BCH decoders for digital video broadcasting systems and NAND flash memory controllers managing different page sizes. The implementation results show that the proposed fully-flexible BCH decoder architecture remarkably enhances the area-efficiency compared with the conventional solutions.

Proposal for Improving White-Space Channel Availability

A major concern in implementing white-space technology in a television broadcasting system is the ability of the system to provide information about the vacant channels while guaranteeing protection to its primary users. Moreover, in the developing countries, the allocation of television broadcasting channels is not as good as that in the developed countries. Therefore, there is a high possibility of overlaps between the digital television terrestrial coverage areas and white-space areas. Herein, we propose a method involving the use of four zones—prohibited, strict, moderate, and loose (PSML)—to model the television white-space system. We use a television coverage area that has less than 70% location probability to accommodate the possibility of overlaps between the white space and the protection areas. We also propose a protection ratio value to complement the standard given by the Federal Communications Committee (FCC) for countries implementing the digital video broadcasting system (DVB-T2). We conduct a test to analyze the implementation of the proposed PSML method in Bali Island, Indonesia. The results show that our model can provide more white-space channels than the models proposed by Villardi and the FCC when applied to transition areas between urban and rural regions.

PAPR effect remedy in OFDM-based wireless systems

An enhancement proposition for a Terrestrial Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-T) systems is discussed in this work. DVB-T physical layer uses a powerful technique namely Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique, which has been used to combat the channel’s effect. However, it has a major drawback that degrades its efficiency; namely Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Two criteria have been used for this purpose; BER curves and CCDF curves in order to distinguish the powerfulness of those propositions in reducing the PAPR effect. In fact, a powerful special averaging technique results are compared to previously published propositions, namely based on wavelet transformations and the one that is based on the pulse width modulation. A mathematical model has been drawn in order to check both of the CCDF and the BER curves, and simulated at same channel limitations and specifications. The proposition gives extra 35% noise immunity over our previously published work that is based on entropy wavelet, and an enhancement of over 25% from the CCDF point of view in combatting the PAPR. Furthermore, a complexity reduction has been attained by decreasing the side information transmission in compared with the work in the literature.

Performance Analysis of Video Transmission Using Sequential Distortion Minimization Method for Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial

This paper presents about the transmission of Digital Video Broadcasting system with streaming video resolution 640x480 on different IQ rate and modulation. In the video transmission, distortion often occurs, so the received video has bad quality. Key frames selection algorithm is flexibel on a change of video, but on these methods, the temporal information of a video sequence is omitted. To minimize distortion between the original video and received video, we aimed at adding methodology using sequential distortion minimization algorithm. Its aim was to create a new video, better than original video without significant loss of content between the original video and received video, fixed sequentially. The reliability of video transmission was observed based on a constellation diagram, with the best result on IQ rate 2 Mhz and modulation 8 QAM. The best video transmission was also investigated using SEDIM (Sequential Distortion Minimization Method) and without SEDIM. The experimental result showed that the PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) average of video transmission using SEDIM was an increase from 19,855 dB to 48,386 dB and SSIM (Structural Similarity) average increase 10,49%. The experimental results and comparison of proposed method obtained a good performance. USRP board was used as RF front-end on 2,2 GHz.

The Design and Performance Analysis of DTMB System

Various standard in digital television broadcasting system has been developed in the world, one of which is the Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcasting, or abbreviated as DTMB that currently used by China and Hong Kong. DTMB has several standard configurations and parameters. In this research, DTMB system was designed and the results was validated through simulation using computer program, named Simulink. The parameters used in this research is the FEC with code rate of 0.4, 4QAM modulation, interleaver mode 1 and using a single carrier transmission mode. Stream format used in the simulation was MPEG2-TS as the input for DTMB system. Parameters selection was based on low implementation complexity, but with good results. Two important things in DTMB system is the existence of FEC and TDS-OFDM. FEC consists of cascaded BCH as the outer encoder/decoder (codec) and LDPC as the inner codec. The reason of using TDS-OFDM because it provides better picture quality when the receiver is in motion. The test results have shown that for static video, DTMB was able to receive video with identical quality compared to the original video, when the value of SNR=11dB and SNR=12dB for dynamic video. It is shown that after going through the process from LDPC to BCH, the number of bit errors decreased while the value of SNR increased.

Identifikasi Pengaruh Lintasan-Jamak pada DVB-T2 Berdasar Uji Penerimaan Siaran

In many countries, migration from analog to digital in television (TV) broadcasting technology is being in progress. Indonesia has adopted DVB-T2 (Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial Second Generation) as the standard of free-to-air digital TV (DTV) broadcasting system. Frequency selective fading due to multipath propagation affects the reception of this terrestrial radio communication system. This paper presents those effects on reception of DVB-T2 signal from the Yogyakarta transmitting stations. The presence of these effects were identified experimentally, based on several received-signal describing quantities obtained from some field-observations on indoor/outdoor stationary/mobile receptions. Examples of these quantities are spectrum flatness measurement (SFM), signal quality (SQ) versus signal intensity (SI), power level (P) versus carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), CNR versus modulation error ratio (MER), local variation of reception-success, and received data packet. Several numerical examples are: (1) SFM achieved as high as about 0.7 and 0.9 for indoor and outdoor, respectively, and (2) spatial-probability of reception-success at an indoor receiver location varied from 40,06 % to 81,85 %, approximately.

Design and implementation of high throughput FPGA-based DVB-T system

In this paper, an efficient implementation of high throughput Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) system based on the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation for terrestrial links is proposed. The proposed architecture uses an improved optimization methods to obtain high speed system. To verify the efficiency of this system a DVB-T simulator in MATLAB matched with European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is used to investigate the hardware design performance. The joint simulation of Xilinx ISE and MATLAB was performed including information framing, channel coding, and modulation. Also, a systematic design procedure based on FPGA for the proposed DVB-T system is presented and the results are reported. Hardware implementation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system and show that there is a good match between fixed-point implementations and floating-point simulations, while the high-throughput architecture is achieved in hardware implementation using the speed optimization methods in the design.

Comparative Analysis of DVB System for Different Encoding Techniques with Compressed Images

Objectives: In this paper encoding techniques used in the Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) system have been discussed. The paper focuses upon the comparison between the different types of encodings as a part of the DVB-T standard. Methods/Analysis: Different types of encoding methods which could be the part of the DVB-T standard have been considered .The system used is able to measure and analyze the performance by using different encoding techniques along with the Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Findings: DVB-T was developed by the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Project that was basically for broadcasting. The compressed images, digital audio, compressed videos and other forms of data in Moving Picture Expert Group (MPEG) transport stream, through OFDM modulation is transmitted by this DVB-T system. Novelty /Improvement: In the DVB-T Reed Solomon encoding is used to encrypt the data. Hybrid coding has been proposed as the way to improve the performance.

Multi-windows Threshold-based Frame Synchronization in Variable Coded Modulation Service

In this paper, an innovative and reliable frame synchronization scheme is proposed for second generation digital video broadcasting (DVB-S2) system in Variable Coded Modulation (VCM) service. Frame synchronization in VCM suffers many difficulties from large frequency offset, extremely low SNR and variable physical layer frame (PLFRAME) lengths. To cope with variable PLFRAME lengths, multi-windows are proposed and utilized. Multi- windows threshold-based search algorithm is presented with theoretical analysis to decrease the missed detection probability. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method is more robust and reliable than the existing approaches, especially in low signal to noise ratios (SNRs) and large frequency offsets.

Presentation an effective algorithm to attack Common Scrambling Algorithm (CSA) in digital video broadcasting (DVB) system

Common Scrambling Algorithm (CSA) is used for encoding the video streams in video player broadcasting system. For a more security margin, this algorithm is as a cascade combination of stream and block cipher. Common Scrambling Algorithm has been secure against the classic attacks, while it has been vulnerable against the side-channel ones. One of side-channel attacks on Common Scrambling Algorithm in the digital video broadcasting (DVB) will be studied in this paper. Descrambling the block part of this algorithm, the common key for the whole algorithm is gained. With this, a general approach for a high security encoding against the side-channel attacks is provided.