Digital Video Broadcasting-handheld Research Articles

A Low-Complexity Equalizer for Video Broadcasting in Cyber-Physical Social Systems Through Handheld Mobile Devices

In Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld (DVB-H) devices for cyber-physical social systems, the Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform-Orthogonal Chirp Division Multiplexing (DFrFT-OCDM) has been suggested to enhance the performance over Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems under time and frequency-selective fading channels. In this case, the need for equalizers like the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and Zero-Forcing (ZF) arises, though it is excessively complex due to the need for a matrix inversion, especially for DVB-H extensive symbol lengths. In this work, a low complexity equalizer, Least-Squares Minimal Residual (LSMR) algorithm, is used to solve the matrix inversion iteratively. The paper proposes the LSMR algorithm for linear and nonlinear equalizers with the simulation results, which indicate that the proposed equalizer has significant performance and reduced complexity over the classical MMSE equalizer and other low complexity equalizers, in time and frequency-selective fading channels.

Optimized cross-layer transmission for scalable video over DVB-H networks

We investigate five efficient combinations of expanding window fountain (EWF) coding and hierarchical QPSK (H-QPSK) modulation in a cross-layer fashion, i.e., EWF coding at the application layer and H-QPSK modulation at the physical layer. We evaluate the performance of five cross-layer transmission schemes for scalable video over Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld (DVB-H) networks by performing cross-layer optimization based on a genetic algorithm to find the optimal parameters and the optimization results are provided. Based on the cross-layer optimization results, we propose an adaptive transmission scheme for scalable video by using optimal combinations of these schemes over DVB-H networks, i.e., we adaptively exploit these five cross-layer transmission schemes in specific SNR regions to accommodate varying DVB-H channel conditions and achieve the best overall transmission performance. The results show that the proposed adaptive transmission scheme provides much better overall performance over DVB-H networks, especially in low SNR regions, than any single scheme used by itself.

Low-Power Channel Select Filters for DVB-H Receivers

Design and implementation of CMOS channel select filters for digital video broadcasting-handheld integrated direct-conversion receivers are presented. The filters are designed to fulfill selectivity requirements with optimized power consumption. The proposed filters are based on the current amplifier and the transresistance amplifier offering alternatives for current-mode and voltage-mode signal processing, respectively. Adopting one active element per biquad allows optimization of the power consumption, and hence, leads to significant improvement over the available solutions. The two filters were fabricated in a standard 0.18- ${ \mu }\text{m}$ CMOS technology and experimental results are provided.

Compact water‐loaded reconfigurable antenna for DVB‐H applications

An ultra-compact water loaded, 3D reconfigurable antenna is presented for digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H) and ultra-high frequency (UHF) applications. By integrating a varactor diode, the operating frequency of this antenna can be continuously tuned from 463 to 900 MHz. A mixture of the water and water holder is effectively utilised as a dielectric loading to reduce the size of the antenna by 50%. The radiating element occupies a very compact volume (0.013λ × 0.016λ × 0.005λ at 470 MHz). Measurements are conducted to qualify and validate the antenna performance. It is demonstrated that this new antenna is an excellent candidate for UHF and DVB-H applications.

Wideband, hybrid rectangular water antenna for DVB‐H applications

ABSTRACTIn this article, a wideband, hybrid rectangular water antenna is proposed to cover the digital video broadcasting‐handheld (DVB‐H) band. The hybrid structure combines a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) and a monopole antenna to effectively double the available bandwidth without compromising other characteristics. With a proper design, the resonance of the DRA and the resonance from the feeding probe are combined to produce a wideband response. The proposed antenna has an extremely wide bandwidth from 464 to 1017 MHz (for S11 < −6 dB), or a fractional bandwidth of 74.6%. Both the computer simulations and measurements are conducted to validate the antenna performance. It is demonstrated that this new antenna is an promising candidate for DVB‐H applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2160–2164, 2015

A Wideband Hybrid Water Antenna With an F-Shaped Monopole

A new wideband hybrid antenna is proposed in this paper. It combines an F-shaped conducting monopole antenna and a water dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) to effectively broaden the antenna bandwidth. The F-shaped monopole is also used to excite the water DRA. The unique features of water, such as transparency and liquidity, allow complex feeding structures to be placed, and tuned inside the water DRA. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted to optimize the antenna performance. The final design is made and tested. A good agreement is obtained between the simulation and the measurement results. Compared with the conventional straight probe, the proposed antenna has a wider bandwidth from 410 to 870 MHz (a fractional bandwidth of 71.8%) for $\text{S}_{11} dB, with a compact size (52 mm $\times $ 51.5 mm $\times $ 10 mm, roughly $0.071\lambda \times 0.07\lambda \times 0.0136\lambda $ at 410 MHz). It is shown that this new antenna is a very good candidate for hand-portable applications such as Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld.

Efficient periodic broadcasting scheme for video delivery over a single channel

Periodic broadcasting is one of the cost-effective solutions for distributing popular videos to clients under constant worst playback latency. The broadcasting methods typically transmit video segments across multiple channels simultaneously, thus, requiring a client to receive segments from these channels concurrently. However, numerous practical systems, such as digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H), do not allow clients to download video data from multiple channels because clients usually only have one tuner. To resolve this problem in multiple-channel broadcasting, the alternative broadcasting (AB) scheme, the hopping insertion (HI) scheme, SingBroad, PAS, the reverse-order scheduling (ROS) scheme, and the half-division broadcasting (HDB) scheme have been proposed to broadcast segments over a single channel. This paper presents a novel single-channel broadcasting scheme, which partitions a video into segments as many as possible to reduce video playback latency. Using mathematical analysis, this study verifies the workability of this scheme by demonstrating that client playback continuity is guaranteed. A performance analysis indicates that the proposed scheme yields the smallest waiting time, when compared with AB, HI, SingBroad, PAS, ROS, and HDB under various parameter settings. In addition, comprehensive simulation results show that the proposed scheme and ROS outperform these schemes (The comparison does not include the HI scheme because its buffer requirements are not provided in [24]) regarding smaller client buffer requirements under larger broadcasting bandwidth settings.

Profit‐based exclusive‐or coding algorithm for data retransmission in DVB‐H with a recovery network

SummaryThe digital video broadcasting‐handheld (DVB‐H) standard is developed by European Telecommunications Standards Institute to broadcast digital videos to handheld devices, but data loss is a critical issue due to the broadcast behavior. On the other hand, DVB‐Internet protocol datacasting (DVB‐IPDC) integrates DVB‐H with an Internet protocol‐based wireless network to provide bidirectional communication. We adopt this wireless network to deal with data retransmission and call it a recovery network. The paper argues that network coding can improve retransmission efficiency of the recovery network because DVB‐H packet loss often exhibits high correlation. In addition, DVB‐H packets may be heterogeneous in the sense that they have different importance. According to these two arguments, the paper considers that DVB‐H packets are associated with different profit depending on their importance and proposes an α‐maximum profit network coding problem. It asks the base station in the recovery network to use no more than α coded packets for handheld devices to retrieve the lost DVB‐H packets such that the overall profit is the maximum. An efficient exclusive‐or coding scheme, namely the profit‐based exclusive‐or network coding (PEN) algorithm, is proposed to solve this problem. Extensive simulation results also verify the effectiveness of the PEN algorithm. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Frequency Tunable Antenna Using a Magneto-Dielectric Material for DVB-H Application

This paper presents an ultracompact antenna design suited for digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H) reception devices. The DVB-H frequency band is ranging from 4 70 to 862 MHz and divided in 49 channels of 8 MHz. Designed to be integrated in a tablet, it is not only heavily miniaturized (λ0 /49 × λ0/71 ×λ0/160 at 470 MHz), but also able to cover each channel thanks to the use of a magneto-dielectric material. The advantage of using such a material is studied and described in this paper. Moreover, the operating frequency is continuously tuned over the whole DVB-H band by the integration of a varactor diode. This varactor diode has been characterized and modeled to properly cosimulate its behavior within the antenna. Limitations in terms of accepted power by the diode are emphasizing. Finally, the antenna design, including both magneto-dielectric material and varactor diode is integrated in the DVB-H receiver device. Measurement performances are presented and discussed.

Single-Channel Data Broadcasting under Small Waiting Latency

Due to the advancement of network technology, video-on-demand (VoD) services are growing in popularity. However, individual stream allocation for client requests easily causes a VoD system overload; when its network and disk bandwidth cannot match client growth. This study thus presents a fundamentally different approach by focusing solely on a class of applications identified as latency tolerant applications. Because video broadcasting does not provide interactive (i.e., VCR) functions, a client is able to tolerate playback latency from a video server. One efficient broadcasting method is periodic broadcasting, which divides a video into smaller segments and broadcasts these segments periodically on multiple channels. However, numerous practical systems, such as digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H), do not allow clients to download video data from multiple channels because clients usually only have one tuner. To resolve this problem in multiple-channel broadcasting, this study proposes a novel single-channel broadcasting scheme, which leverages segment-broadcasting capability further for more efficient video delivery. The comparison results show that, with the same settings of broadcasting bandwidth, the proposed scheme outperforms the alternative broadcasting scheme, the hopping insertion scheme, SingBroad, PAS, and the reverse-order scheduling scheme for the maximal waiting time.

멀티모드 이동 방송용 EWS(Emergency Warning System) 송·수신 시스템 설계 및 구현

This paper presents the design and implementation of a multi-mode mobile broadcasting Emergency Warning System (EWS) transmission and reception system which enables the propagation of disaster information using the encoding and transmission, reception and decoding methods specified in diverse mobile broadcasting standards. The implemented system supports global mobile broadcasting standards such as Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (T-DMB), Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld (DVB-H), Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T), and the Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) digital radio standard. The system consists of two key part: an encoding/transmission part and a reception/decoding part. The multi-mode mobile broadcasting EWS encoding and transmission system generates EWS data according to each broadcasting specification. The generated EWS data is then transmitted through a channel interface which meets the commercial broadcasting equipment specification. The receiver system receives and decodes the EWS data on a single hardware platform and can display the results on screen. Verification and conformity testing has been carried out on the implemented system by transmitting emergency data for each mode in real-time and displaying the received information in text on the receiver display. 한국통신학회논문지 '12-12 Vol.37C No.12

A tunable planar inverted‐f antenna for digital video broadcast‐handheld applications

AbstractA compact varactor‐tuned planar inverted‐F antenna is introduced for digital video broadcast‐handheld (DVB‐H) applications. The antenna size is 20 × 40 × 5 mm3, making it particularly suitable as an internal antenna. A full‐wave simulator is used to calculate the scattering matrix of the antenna as a two port network. A circuit model including the two‐port antenna and its tuning circuitry is simulated using a circuit simulator. The simulation results show that the antenna is continuously tunable within the entire frequency range of the DVB‐H standard, 470–702 MHz. The antenna is prototyped and tested. The measured results are in agreement with the simulation data. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2635–2638, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.21728

Antennas for Digital Television Receivers in Mobile Terminals

The incorporation of new services in handheld devices, such as the Digital Video Broadcast-Handheld (DVB-H) operating at the lower ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) band poses a challenge for antenna designers. Wideband small antennas or electrically tunable narrowband small antennas are needed to fulfil the performance requirement. It is well known that below 900 MHz the operation of embedded mobile terminal antennas is based on utilizing the whole structure of the terminal as a radiator. However, even this way reaching the whole required impedance bandwidth of about 46% at about 0.61-GHz center frequency is possible only either with clamshell-type terminals used as thick dipoles by feeding them from the hinge or with “large tablet”-sized terminals. With the popular smartphone-sized terminals with a monoblock structure the available bandwidth with good total efficiency is clearly smaller. We study the options to implement antennas for smartphone-type mobiles for receiving digital TV broadcasts at about 0.47-0.75-GHz frequencies. The mainly studied technology is the nonresonant capacitive coupling element (CCE)-type antennas having one of the smallest achieved volume-to-bandwidth ratios. We show that for a fixed-frequency antenna with a volume of less than a few cubic centimeters the total efficiency will become rather low due to moderate matching level, but the requirement of the DVB-H standard for the realized gain can easily be met. Additionally, we show that by having switching between two bands, one can implement a dual-antenna configuration with small total volume and significant multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) gain. Furthermore, we study the very important effect of the user's hands on the antenna performance and find that the effect can range from some increase of the total efficiency due to improved matching to significant losses caused by the hands. Finally, we propose some possible ways ahead in solving this very challenging antenna design problem.

Internal digital video broadcasting‐handheld antenna with a low loss Z‐type hexaferrite for folder‐type mobile phones

AbstractIn this article, a new internal antenna with a Bi(Co)‐substituted Z‐type hexaferrite is presented for the digital video broadcasting‐handheld (DVB‐H) reception in folder‐type mobile phones.Using meandered current path on a low‐loss Z‐type hexaferrite substrate, the proposed antenna can be designed with a significantly small volume of 0.69 cm3 yet meeting the requirements of an antenna for the DVB‐H service. Approximately omnidirectional radiation characteristics are obtained. The measured return loss for the operating frequency over the DVB‐H band is better than 3:1 VSWR. In addition, the maximum radiation efficiency of the antenna is 63.7% in this band. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1380–1385, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26810

Mobile television in Italy: The key to success, the cause of failure

Several years ago, the mobile and audio-visual industry was betting on Digital Video Broadcasting – Handheld (DVB-H) and mobile television as the newest growth opportunity. But today, commercial deployments are scarce and end-user adoption is below expectations. This article focuses on developments within the Italian market, known as the best developed market for mobile television services in Europe. Making a case study analysis, the article aims to provide an in-depth overview of the Italian mobile television market, and a better insight into the business model design issues mobile service providers face with regard to mobile television. Such an understanding of the pioneering Italian mobile market makes it possible to identify the key factors of the initial success and eventual failure of DVB-H services, setting perspectives for future mobile television services and industries all over the world.

Printed internal antenna for mobile broadcasting (DVB-H/T-DMB) and communications (GSM900)

This study proposes a printed internal antenna operating in the digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H) band and the terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB) L-band for mobile broadcasting and the GSM900 band for mobile communications. Owing to the limited physical size of the mobile terminal, the miniature antenna technique is very important for a low-band application. The proposed antenna consists of a printed rectangular monopole with a U-shaped slot, an extended ground stub and a folder-type chassis, which are easily printed on an FR4 substrate. The antenna occupies an area of only 50×27×mm 2 , which makes it attractive for use with modern multiband and multifunctional slim handsets. The combined behaviour of the antenna resonant mode and the chassis resonant mode is utilised without any matching circuits or magneto-dielectric materials. In addition, the proposed antenna uses a second higher-order resonance of the extended ground stub and the U-shaped slot.

Low Noise and Highly Linear Wideband CMOS RF Front-End for DVB-H Direct-Conversion Receiver

In this paper, a wideband CMOS radio frequency (RF) front-end for digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H) receiver is proposed. The RF front-end circuit is composed of a single-ended resistive feedback low noise amplifier (LNA), a single-to-differential amplifier, an I/Q down-conversion mixer with linearized transconductors employing third order intermodulation distortion cancellation, and a divide-by-two circuit with LO buffers. By employing a third order intermodulation (IMD3) cancellation technique and vertical NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) switching pair for an I/Q down-conversion mixer, the proposed RF front-end circuit has high linearity and low low-frequency noise performance. It is fabricated in a 0.18µm deep n-well CMOS technology and draws 12mA from a 1.8V supply voltage. It shows a voltage gain of 31dB, a noise figure (NF) lower than 2.6dB, and an IIP3 of -8dBm from 470MHz to 862MHz.

A Frame-Related Approach for Performance Improvement of MPE-FEC in DVB-H

Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld (DVB-H) is a new digital terrestrial broadcasting standard customized for the multimedia service on the mobile devices and the handheld terminals. It introduces a technique known as multi-protocol encapsulation forward error correction (MPE-FEC) for the IP-datagrams in the data link layer to improve the mobile performance. Every MPE-FEC frame is constructed independently in the DVB-H standard. In this paper, a frame-related coding approach for MPE-FEC frames is proposed. When a MPE-FEC frame is built during the data link layer encoding process, the rightmost columns in the MPE part of the current MPE-FEC frame are filled with the data populated from the leftmost columns of its previous MPE-FEC frame. After the encoding process, a correlation is set up between the adjacent frames. This correlation can be utilized by the proposed decoding algorithm to enhance the error correction capability. The theoretical analysis and simulations results show that the proposed approach can provide better error correction capability than the DVB-H standard as well as the conventional zero-padding method in random noise channels. As a more efficient decoding strategy, the proposed approach is a good candidate for the decoding of MPE-FEC frame.

Design and Implementation of KASUMI Algorithm in ISMACryp Encryption for Video Content Protection in DVB-H Application

Three technologies can be used for content protection in DVB-H; IPSec, SRTP and ISMACryp. ISMA Encryption and Authentication is one of the three chosen technologies for service protection in DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld), the TV system for portable handheld devices. This paper deals with modification in ISMACryp. The ISMACryp is encoded with MPEG-4 video and MPEG-4 AAC (advanced audio coding), while leaving all structural data as it is. Two modes of ISMACryp are available; the CTR mode (Counter type) and CBC mode (Cipher Block Chaining) mode. Both modes of ISMACryp is based on 128-bit AES algorithm. AES algorithms are more complex and require larger time with more clock cycles for execution. This paper is being first simulate and implement existing ISMACryp using 128-bit Rijndael algorithm and then modified it with KASUMI algorithm that will be provided lower number of clock pulses with lower execution time. The simulation is done in Matlab and implementation in TMS320C6713 DSP kit.

Suitability of Ni-Zn Ferrites Ceramics With Controlled Porosity as Granular Substrates for Mobile Handset Miniaturized Antennas

Low-loss Ni-Zn porous ferrite ceramics have been obtained (porosity close to 40%) after appropriate heat treatment and shaping of nanosized powders. The key point in this process is a moderate reaction sintering that promotes desired value of porosity. Measured complex permeabilities and permittivities in the [107 Hz -1010 Hz] frequency range are presented. The developed materials show almost constant refractive index value n close to 5 up to 900 MHz. The sum of the magnetic and dielectric losses shows moderate values up to a frequency value f, unusual for spinel ferrites: tanδμ+tanδe <; 0.083 at f=600 MHz. Their efficiency for miniaturization and performances improvement of several new antennas for Digital Video Broadcasting Handheld (DVB-H) devices (frequency ranging: 470-862 MHz) are presented. High miniaturizations (about 40% to 60% when compared to not loaded antenna) are obtained. Low loss, wide bandwidth and good radiation efficiency are measured. Antennas performances are enhanced. A new antenna is also presented. Its dimensions are very small and it covers the entire DVB-H band. Suitability of Ni-Zn porous ferrites ceramics for antenna miniaturization for DVB-H applications is demonstrated.