Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting Research Articles

A Temporal Methodology for Assessing the Performance of Concatenated Codes in OFDM Systems for 4K-UHD Video Transmission

The communication channel is a critical part of the process of information degradation. In the 4K ultra-resolution video transmission domain, the communication channel is a crucial part where information degradation occurs, inevitably leading to errors during reception. To enhance the transmission process in terms of fidelity, advanced technologies such as digital video broadcasting terrestrial (DVB-T) and its evolutionary successor, digital video broadcasting terrestrial second generation (DVB-T2), are utilized to mitigate the effects of data transmission errors. Within this scenario, this research presents an innovative methodology for the temporal analysis of 4K ultra-resolution video quality under the influence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh channels. This analytical endeavor is facilitated through the application of concatenated coding schemes, specifically, the Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem concatenated low-density parity check (BCH-LDPC) and Reed–Solomon concatenated convolutional (RS-CONV) coders. A more comprehensive understanding of video quality can be attained by considering its temporal variations, a crucial aspect of the ongoing evolution of technological paradigms. In this study, the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) serves as the main metric for quality assessment during simulations. Furthermore, the simulated Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) values validate these findings, exhibiting consistent alignment with the SSIM-based evaluations. Additionally, the performance of the BCH-LDPC significantly outperforms that of RS-CONV under the 64-QAM modulation scheme, yielding superior video quality levels that approximate or surpass those achieved by RS-CONV under QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulation, leading to an increase in spectral efficiency. This enhancement is evidenced by SSIM gains exceeding 78% on average. The computation of average gains between distinct technologies in video quality analysis furnishes a robust and comprehensive evaluation framework, empowering stakeholders to make informed decisions within this domain.

Adjacent-Channel Compatibility Analysis of International Mobile Telecommunications Downlink and Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting Reception in the 470–694 MHz Frequency Band Using Monte Carlo Simulation

This paper delves into the imperative need for coexistence and compatibility in the 470–694 MHz frequency band, as mandated by the World Radiocommunication Conference 2015 (WRC-15) and the WRC-23. It focuses on challenges in the coexistence of Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) and International Mobile Telecommunications-2020 (IMT-2020) services in downlink-only mode, particularly in adjacent-channel scenarios. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the study evaluates the probability of interference from IMT base stations with DTTB reception. The analysis thoroughly investigates the impact of the IMT transmitter’s Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) and the DTTB receiver’s Adjacent-Channel Selectivity (ACS) on the probability of interference. The results demonstrate a significant degradation in the DTTB reception probability at the edge of coverage based on standard assumptions. To address these challenges, this paper provides recommendations for mitigating interference. These include defining enhanced ACLR regulations for IMT base stations, implementing antenna discriminations, providing specialized filters, and establishing national coordination procedures. The research provides valuable insights for informed decision making in spectrum management within the 470–694 MHz band, aiming to facilitate the coexistence of DTTB and IMT-2020 services, in line with international regulations and best practices.

Retracted: Research on Localization Parameter Estimation and Algorithm in the Digital Television Terrestrial Broadcasting

Retracted: Research on Localization Parameter Estimation and Algorithm in the Digital Television Terrestrial Broadcasting

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FOR TELEVISION BROADCASTING EQUIPMENT IN RUSSIA

The operation of uncertified broadcasting equipment located in 85 regions of Russia is the most important problem in the development of regional broadcasting networks in the absence of system requirements for network transmitters and earth stations of satellite repeaters in the «Digital Broadcasting Television. System of terrestrial terrestrial digital television broadcasting of the second generation DVB-T2. Second generation terrestrial digital television broadcasting system DVB-T2» domestic standard. Standard system requirements are the basis for actualization of requirements to the equipment during its certification. Requirements for network transmitters and earth stations of satellite repeaters in single-frequency broadcasting networks based on the author's research, published in domestic and foreign articles, protected by patents of the Russian Federation, are presented. In particular, the system requirements to the equipment for regional multiplex formation, metrological support of SFN (Single Frequency Network) operation and distributed system of DVB-T2 standard broadcasting quality monitoring are formulated. Requirements for assessing the efficiency of SFN networks, which will make it possible to further modernize existing regional networks to improve their reliability and the quality of television and radio broadcasting in all 85 regions of the Russian Federation, and to certify equipment in accordance with the resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation are also presented. The results of the author's research will make it possible to develop a system project for the creation of digital terrestrial television broadcasting in four new regions of Russia. The prospects for the development of DVB-T2 standard equipment at the program level are considered.

Co-Channel Compatibility Analysis of IMT Networks and Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting in the Frequency Range 470-694 MHz Based on Monte Carlo Simulation.

According to Resolution 235 adopted during the World Radiocommunication Conference 2015 (WRC-15) and the preliminary agenda item 1.5 of WRC-2023, the International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) has been entrusted to carry out sharing and compatibility studies between broadcasting and mobile services in the frequency range 470-694 MHz in Region 1. This study specifically focuses on evaluating electromagnetic compatibility in potential co-channel sharing scenarios between Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) and International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) systems within the 470-694 MHz frequency band that may arise in the foreseeable future. To assess the conditions for coexistence, a Monte Carlo simulation method implemented through the SEAMCAT software version 5.4.2 is employed, examining six potential interference scenarios. The simulation results yield the minimum coordination distance required between IMT and DTTB services in the 470-694 MHz band based on the protection criteria to ensure harmonious coexistence while maintaining satisfactory performance. Furthermore, the study investigates the impact of various factors such as transmitter power, antenna heights, coverage radius, antenna discrimination, and antenna tilt angle on the separation distances. The focus lies primarily on critical interference scenarios across neighboring countries' borders. The simulation outcomes confirm that sharing the same frequency band between IMT and DTTB networks would result in significant mutual interference. Nevertheless, carefully analyzing diverse parameters and assumptions helped provide recommendations to reduce the required separation distances. These findings are valuable for broadcasters, mobile operators, and regulators in establishing the technical coexistence conditions for DTTB and IMT in the new band.

The Future of Broadcasting: Technology, Policy and AI Integration in the Philippine Setting

The TV Broadcast has achieved a potential new level of evolution that could either help achieve improvement on the current condition of possible extinction due to new technologies such as OTT, VOD, and different ICT applications. The migration of Digital TV aims to provide a new landscape and opportunities to maximize technology, thus helping achieve the next level of benefits through entertainment, livelihood, news, connectivity, and new business models. However, the technology adoption of each stakeholder is crucial in ensuring implementation success. This paper is a survey of the processes, action plans, and governance that each country that implemented ISDB-T standards went through as they achieved the different milestones in their goal to turn off analog TV and roll out digital terrestrial television broadcasting. The integration of AI through the Agent-Based Model aims to bridge possible technology gaps, policy alignments, changes in business model, and support needed for a successful migration which results in the theoretical framework. The proposed Technology Adoption Model can be implemented for the ongoing Philippine digitization

Investigative Assessment of the Impact of Perturbations on the Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting Signal

This study examines the effects of perturbations on the digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB) signal in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, using measurement-based performance analysis. In order to examine the effects of environmental perturbations on DTTB signal, measurement campaign used the Nigerian Television Authority, Integrated Television Services (ITS) digital video broadcasting -second generation (DVB-T2) signal. The aim of the research was to identify the environmental and atmospheric perturbations with highest impact on DTTB signal. Field measurement was accurately obtained throughout the measurement campaign using the E8000 series spectrum analyzer, a DVB-T2 receiver, and other facilities in order to actualize the two important measurement characteristics, such as field strength and received signal strength (RSS). The outcome showed a significant amount of dips in route A, depriving towns surrounding rocky hills of a DVB-T2 signal, as demonstrated in the Du community with RSS values of -87.1 dBm, 85.2 dB , and -27.8 dB V/m, -23.9 dB V/m for field strength. Additionally, the results show that signal performance was better in the dry season compared to the rainy season (more primary coverage in the dry season compared to the rainy season), with the RSS value being -41.6 dBm versus -36.4 dBm and the field strength value being 34 dB/m versus 38.6 dB/m for route A, or the same on route B. Solving signal propagation issues requires understanding the fundamental metrics driving an increase in perturbations in any broadcast environment. Creating a model to address these issues will help with system evaluation, network planning, and broadcast service operation, ensuring quality of service (QoS).

Support for Households Due to the Change in the Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting Standard – An Attempt to Evaluate the Adopted Normative Solutions

Abstract The Act on supporting households in bearing the costs related to the change of the digital terrestrial television broadcasting standard was passed by the government on February 24, 2022, and a month later, on March 23, 2022, it was amended, because it became necessary to clarify the issue of the circle of people entitled to receive state support, which is absolutely fundamental from the point of view of this act. The content of the article will therefore be to determine the content of the normative set by interpreting the regulations of the aforementioned Act, so it takes into account all functional relationships of the standards under study and is based on all available sources of information. At the same time, when analysing statutory regulations, the author will reflect on their compliance with the principle of specificity of law, interpreted by the Constitutional Tribunal from the constitutional principle of a democratic state ruled by law.

Dynamic Interference Suppression for TV White Space: the Case of Thailand

In this work, we study the problem of co-existence between the LTE (Long Term Evolution) and the Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) channel. There are three scenarios: co-channel, upper and lower adjacent channels. We use the broadcasted signal from channel 3 called ThaiPBS, the actual case of Thailand for our study where the standard of digital terrestrial television broadcasting is DVB-T2 adopting 8 MHz bandwidth, while the 5 MHz bandwidth of LTE is considered as the interference. We propose a dynamic interference suppression method for increasing spectrum usage by optimizing TV white space utilization and minimizing interference. This method adopts the protection ratio concept to suppress the LTE interference on TV receiver. We implement our proposed algorithm as an adaptive interference controller using a Radio Frequency (RF) attenuator and a Raspberry Pi board for our testbed hardware. We illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm by doing experiment using our testbed and assessing the quality of the received TV signal by adopting the Quality of Experience (QoE) assessment. In our testbed hardware, a Log Periodic antenna is used for receiving the DTTB signal, while an RF digital transmitter is used for generating a 5MHz bandwidth of LTE signal, an ultra-high frequency (UHF) mixer is used to combine both signals, then a field strength meter is used to monitor video picture quality and to analyze the spectrum. According to the experiment, our proposed method can reduce the perceived video distortion by at least 62.5% for co-channel and 87.5% for adjacent channel, while the spectrum usage is increased by 100%.

Nigeria Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting: An Evaluation of the Transmitted Signal received under different environmental features in North-Central Region

The Government of Nigeria in the year 2016 switched from analog television broadcasting to digital terrestrial television broadcasting with the focus of providing reliable quality of television services to users. Regardless of the advantages of digital Terrestrial television system over analog television and efforts make by Nigeria Government to improve broadcasting, Signal reception is observed to be very poor. Therefore, this study aimed at monitoring, evaluating and mitigating environmental factors that cause signal degradation as well as attempting to provide solutions that will enhance the reception of signal even under severe environmental conditions. The transmitted signal of digital Terrestrial television was measured and received under different environmental features within the coverage area. The antenna radiation field was divided into four distinct regions (North-East, North-west, South-east and South-west of the transmitter) where the characteristics of the radiated wave are observed and measured starting from distance of 10km, 20km, 30km, 40km, 50km, up to 100km for each of the region. It was observed that the transmitted signal received at different distances varies depending on the physical features along the signal path. The result also shows that space loss increases with increase in distance. This study will guide DTT operators within the study area to precisely choose a site for installing the transmitting antenna for effective transmission.

Comparison of Sequential Decoding and Direct Decoding of LDM in Next-Generation Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting

Comparison of Sequential Decoding and Direct Decoding of LDM in Next-Generation Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting

Spectral Efficiency Evaluation of an NR-Based 5G Terrestrial Broadcast System for Fixed Reception

LTE-based 5G terrestrial broadcasting, standardized in 3GPP Release 16, allows broadcasters to reach cellular devices. In this paper, toward the development of a future terrestrial broadcast system in Release 18 or later called 5G-Advanced, a specification for New Radio (NR) based 5G terrestrial broadcasting is presented for a 6 MHz-channel raster, which is used in current digital terrestrial television broadcasting. The transmission performance is evaluated in physical layer simulations. In particular, the spectral efficiency is evaluated and compared with a second-generation DTTB system at a required carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of 20 dB in a fixed-reception scenario with a rooftop receiving antenna. The evaluation in an additive white Gaussian noise channel indicates that the spectral efficiency of NR-based 5G terrestrial broadcasting can be improved by 0.83 (bps/Hz) by enhancing the code length of low density parity check code, the carrier modulation scheme, guard band ratio, and cyclic prefix ratio from what available so far in Release 16. Furthermore, when frequency interleaving is incorporated, the spectral efficiency is increased by 0.75 (bps/Hz) in a short echo channel with a desired-to-undesired signal power ratio of 0 dB. The introduction of time interleaving increases spectral efficiency by 0.97 (bps/Hz) in an impulsive interference channel with a carrier-to-interference signal power ratio of -20 dB. For each interleaving, the increase in spectral efficiency tends to be higher as the required CNR increases.

Quality assessment for terrestrial digital video broadcast over optical wireless communication‐passive optical network under moderately turbulent regime with spatial diversity

SummaryThe preceding decade has seen successful rollout of 5G and convergence of broadcast broadband and telecom sector. The near future bandwidth demands for services such as advanced immersive multimedia are even more challenging. This has led to advent of 6G. The access technologies need to provide virtually unlimited data rates to support majority of applications in 6G. The optical wireless communication (OWC) with its inherent advantages is a potential enabler in this scenario. However, phenomenon such as atmospheric turbulence poses a serious degradation to performance of such systems. For multimedia services, end user perception is the ultimate quality indicator. To ascertain this quality in quantitative terms, full reference quality metrics are employed for communication purposes. In this paper, digital video broadcasting terrestrial (DVB‐T) videos with varying complexities are transmitted over OWC‐passive optical network (PON) architecture. For performance enhancement 2 × 2 repetitive coding MIMO is employed with maximal ratio combining receiver. A total of 6 video quality assessment (VQA) metrics are evaluated for the system w.r.t channel parameter as Rytov variance. For all the VQA metrics, an enhancement in the performance is observed by using MIMO technique. This performance improvement is more prominent for more complex video as compared to less complex video. As for the limiting case BER of 10−3 gives a limiting link distance of 1350 m; however with VQA metrics, the limiting case distance is 1280 m. By the use of 2 × 2 MIMO techniques, this distance enhances by 20–25 m.

Novel approach for shipborne‐passive bistatic imaging with DVB‐T signals based on MIAA–RID technique

The shipborne-passive bistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar system with digital video broadcasting terrestrial (DVB-T) signals is very important in the fields of radar imaging, but it suffers from the problems of grating lobes caused by the spectral gaps when multiple DVB-T channels are applied, and the non-stationary echo signal for the complex motions of the ship. In this paper, a new algorithm based on the Missing Data Iterative Adaptive Approach (MIAA) combined with the Range Instantaneous Doppler (RID) technique is proposed to address these problems. First, the authors establish the imaging geometry and signal model. Based on these models, the range resolution and Doppler frequency are analysed. Then, the bandwidth synthesis in the frequency domain for the DVB-T signal is derived. Finally, the MIAA method is used to recover the spectral gaps of the range profile for multiple DVB-T channels, and the azimuth compression is carried out by the RID method after the translational motion compensation. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed in this paper.

Potential of Passive DVB-T Radar Component Against Illegal UAV Flights

For now many years, illegal UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) flights have been observed in different countries and under various environments. The intent of such illegal flights may cover industrial espionage up to terrorist attacks. Countering such an asymmetric threat is now of increasing and challenging interest for many countries. The main compulsory functions for such an anti-UAV system will be briefly discussed from detection, localization, identification/classification, extraction (an UAV has to be isolated from other detections) to the alert function. After this introduction about the context, a description of a passive DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial) radar component will be given, and its potential, in regard to the previously described functions, will be illustrated using experimental results. Such a passive approach will be shortly compared with active radar components. Several measurement campaigns have been conducted with quite a huge variety of nano-small UAVs (multirotors such as ANAFI, Mavik, Phantom 4, F450 up to M600 as well as fixed wings such as ranger, Disco, X8 and X11) evolving under various configurations (bistatic bases, different weather conditions) and a selection of the most meaningful results will be presented.

High robust broadcasting over DTMB-A with low-rate LDPC codes

As the 2nd generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB) standard, digital terrestrial/television multimedia broadcasting — advanced (DTMB-A) can provide higher spectrum efficiency and transmission reliability by adopting flexible frame structure and advanced forward error correction coding compared with the 1st generation DTTB systems. In order to increase the flexibility and robustness of the DTTB network, the frequency reuse scheme of factor one (reuse-1) is proposed, where the same RF channel is used by different stations covering the adjacent service areas. However, it demands a very low carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) threshold below 0dB at the DTTB physical layer. In this paper, a robust broadcasting technique is proposed based on DTMB-A with newly designed low-rate low density parity check (LDPC) codes. By adopting quasi-cyclic (QC) Raptor-like structure and progressive lifting method, the high performance low-rate LDPC codes are designed supporting multiple code lengths. Both density-evolution analyses and laboratory measurements demonstrate that DTMB-A with low-rate coding can complete the demodulation reliably with the C/N threshold below 0dB, which is one important necessary condition to support frequency reuse-1 scheme.

DTTV Localization with Fingerprinting Technique and Clean Algorithm Based on Measurement Data

Digital terrestrial television (DTTV) technology has been developed and used to broadcast the television program. A numerous applications have been developed for the additional feature used with DTTV. One of these features that can be used which is the localization system with DTTV broadcasting. The advantage of DVB-T2 broadcasting channel for localization technology which very wide coverage area that covered whether outdoor and indoor environment. In the present there are divers methodologies to locate the position of an object or user such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), Cellular Positioning System (CPS) and Wi-Fi Positioning System (WPS). Nowadays there are various application that used for monitoring and controlling such as a water level sensor system, a traffic control system, an intrusion monitoring system etc. that consists of the localization system. The received data can’t be useful without the accuracy location. The mentioned foregoing system still have a limitation in some environment such as the GPS signal is not accessible to some environments, the CPS signal is based on a cell phone tower and the WPS is based on Wi-Fi hotspot. Therefore, the accuracy of localization is decreased. In order to overcome the foregoing limitation of these three systems the complementary remedy the poor coverage is required. The objective of this research is to improve the DVB-T2 propagation channel by a Clean algorithm to eliminate the noise propagation channel for an accuracy of localization system. This technique is very useful for localization analysis in DTTV technology. The distinctive advantage of the DTTV localization is the wide coverage of signal whether an indoor or outdoor environment. Moreover, when the Clean algorithm has been used the noise in propagation channel has been eliminated lead to the accuracy of location receive.

Design of a 3-way wide-band in-phase power combiner for UHF applications

ABSTRACT In this work, a three-way wide-band in-phase power combiner for ultra-high frequency band (UHF) applications is presented. The proposed power combiner is a modification of the conventional 3-way Wilkinson power combiner. In the proposed power combiner, the floating isolation-resistors are replaced by coaxial baluns and 50-Ω terminations. This configuration is suitable for high-power applications as flange-mount terminations exhibit superior frequency response and heat conduction compared to floating resistors. The coaxial baluns, connected in the star configuration, help for isolation and input-ports matching. The characteristic impedance of coaxial baluns is 50-Ω and is matched to the terminations. This property serves for a broad bandwidth. Even- and odd-mode methods are employed for the analysis and design of the power combiner. To validate the design method and the theoretical results, a three-way power combiner is fabricated, which consists of microstrip, coaxial-cables and some 50-Ω terminations. The combiner provides 20-dB isolation and summing-port return-loss over an octave bandwidth. The operating frequency is between 470 and 860 MHz, which is used for digital video broadcasting–terrestrial (DVB-T).

Software-Defined Ultrasonic Communication System With OFDM for Secure Video Monitoring

Ultrasonic communication is a desirable method for information transfer through solid channels such as metallic bars, plates, or pipes by overcoming the physical barriers that prevent conventional wired or radiofrequency transmission. In this paper, we investigate the architecture of a reconfigurable software-defined ultrasonic communication (SDUC) platform that can make use of the complete channel bandwidth for real-time video transmission through a highly reverberant solid channel. Reverberations in solid channels are complex and generated by surface wave, lamb wave, longitudinal wave, shear wave, reflection, refraction, dispersion, mode conversion, and scattering phenomena. To explore the multipath and fading effects on bitrate, experimental studies were performed using an aluminum rectangular bar (ARB) of 25, 40, and 50 cm channel length. We investigated the feasibility of utilizing orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) combined with quadrature amplitude modulations (QAM) for peak bitrate performance. Design strategies and guidelines have been established for the best solutions to combat intersymbol interference caused by the severe reverberation inherent to ultrasonic solid channels. A practical solution for video transmission, adhering to the Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial (DVB-T) standard, is also examined for video streaming transmission of 240p, 480p, and 720p resolutions at 20 frames per second across an ARB channel. For experimental studies and performance evaluation, we designed a high-performance reconfigurable system-on-chip (SoC) SDUC platform for video transmission and bit error rate (BER) assessment. Through experimental studies for ultrasonic channel analysis, we achieved a peak video transmission rate of 1074 kbps with 3.3 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times \,\,10 ^{-4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> BER despite reverberation, the multipath effect, and signal fading within the ARB channel.

Land Clutter Statistics From an Airborne Passive Bistatic Radar

Passive operation is an important operational concept for future airborne radar platforms. Successful target detection requires an understanding of the underlying clutter statistics in order to set the detection threshold accurately. In addition, clutter statistics are important for modeling of passive radar performance and simulation of passive bistatic radar to aid in the development of new target detection algorithms. In this article, the clutter statistics of data from an airborne platform are studied over a range of bistatic geometries and receive polarizations. The illuminator is a digital video broadcast-terrestrial (DVB-T) station and the collected data spans both ground and maritime regions. The key contributions include a study of amplitude statistics using a number of common distributions and understanding the impact of the reference signal quality in terms of the clutter statistics.