Digital Techniques Research Articles

D5 digital circular workflow: five digital steps towards matchmaking for material reuse in construction

The intersection of digital transformation and circular construction practices presents significant potential to mitigate environmental impacts through optimised material reuse. We propose a five-step (D5) digital circular workflow that integrates these digital innovations towards reuse, validated through real-world case studies. We assessed a variety of digital tools for enhancing the reuse of construction materials, including digital product passports, material classification assisted by artificial intelligence (AI), reality capture, computational design, design inspired by generative AI, digital fabrication techniques, extended reality, and blockchain technology. Using action research through a multiple case study approach, we disassembled several buildings that were set for demolition and subsequently designed and executed construction projects using the salvaged materials. Our findings indicate that digital transformation for detection, disassembly, distribution, design, and finally deployment significantly support the application of circular economy principles. We demonstrate the potential of the proposed workflow for industry implementation and scalability.

Crispy squid product development (Case Study: PT. Cupa-Cupa Snack) Pangandaran Regency

PT Cupa-Cupa Snack is a company in Pangandaran that processes fishery products into snack products, one of which is crispy squid. The number of crispy squid producers in Indonesia is a challenge for companies to develop products to produce innovations that suit market needs and maintain competitiveness. The purpose of this study was to analyze the product development carried out by the cupa-cupa snack company. The study was conducted from August to October 2024. The research method used was the survey method, with interview techniques and observations of crispy squid products that were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results showed that the company has developed in various aspects, such as the addition of raw material suppliers from various regions, the use of faster and more modern production equipment and processes, changing the formulation of non-msg additives that are safe for consumption, using quality aluminum foil packaging, increasing flavor variants, and business-to-business marketing that maintains good and consistent digital presence techniques on various social media, such as Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok, to increase market share and company competitiveness.

Lithium disilicate, full coverage crowns: what is the effect of using conventional impressions compared to digital impression with respect to the internal fit of the restoration? A systematic review.

Digital dentistry provides an alternative to fabrication of crowns. This systematic review focuses on the accuracy of the mean internal space of lithium disilicate crowns when comparing intraoral scanning to conventional impressions. Ovid Medline, Cochrane and PUBMED were searched and the review protocol followed the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42023379908) and guided by The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Cohen Kappa coefficient confirmed the agreement of data. The revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was utilised to evaluate randomised controlled trials The Methodological Index for non-randomised controlled trials. Of the six in vivo studies, three concluded that digital techniques improved the internal fit over their conventional counterparts. Two found that there was no significant difference and one indicated that digital technique resulted in an inferior internal fit. Of the eight in vitro studies, two concluded digital techniques to be superior, two found digital techniques to be inferior and four found no significant difference. Significant heterogeneity between studies limits the potential any systematic review of the internal fit of dental crowns when comparing conventional and optical impressions. This systematic review indicates digital methodology is comparable to that of conventional impressions.

A conceptual framework for integrating digital transformation in healthcare marketing to boost patient engagement and compliance

This paper presents a conceptual framework for integrating digital transformation in healthcare marketing to enhance patient engagement and compliance with treatment regimens. As healthcare systems evolve, the adoption of digital technologies has become imperative for fostering meaningful interactions between patients and providers. The proposed framework emphasizes leveraging digital marketing techniques, data analytics, and personalized communication strategies to strengthen patient-provider relationships and improve health outcomes. At the core of the framework is the use of digital marketing techniques, including social media outreach, content marketing, and mobile applications, to reach patients effectively. These tools facilitate the dissemination of vital health information and resources, enabling patients to make informed decisions about their care. By utilizing data analytics, healthcare organizations can gain insights into patient behaviors, preferences, and demographics, allowing for the customization of marketing efforts to meet the specific needs of diverse patient populations. Personalized communication strategies are pivotal in this framework, as they empower healthcare providers to deliver tailored messages that resonate with individual patients. This personalization fosters a sense of connection and trust, encouraging patients to engage actively in their treatment plans. By utilizing patient data, providers can send reminders, educational content, and motivational messages that enhance treatment adherence and compliance. Moreover, the framework addresses the importance of feedback loops, where healthcare organizations continuously gather and analyze patient responses to marketing efforts. This iterative process allows for the optimization of strategies, ensuring they remain effective and relevant over time. By fostering a culture of engagement, organizations can cultivate long-term relationships with patients, ultimately leading to improved health outcomes. In conclusion, this conceptual framework serves as a strategic guide for healthcare organizations aiming to harness digital transformation in their marketing efforts. By integrating digital marketing techniques, data analytics, and personalized communication strategies, organizations can enhance patient engagement, improve treatment adherence, and positively impact overall health outcomes.

Leveraging Contemporary Project Management Techniques and Technology for Sustainable Telecommunications Advancement in Yemen

The digital techniques and technology have transformed formal project management field dramatically by enhancing communication, resource management and efficiency. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of contemporary project management methodologies in promoting and facilitating sustainable development within the telecommunications sector in Yemen. Situated within the broader discourse on achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, the research employs a mixed methods approach to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was collected through a survey of 150 professionals across major telecommunications firms in Yemen. The survey examined familiarity and application of techniques and technology such as waterfall, agile, six sigma, and lean. Qualitative insights were derived from 22 in-depth interviews with project managers and stakeholders. The findings of the study indicate that there is a narrow scope for integrating sustainability in Yemen’s telecommunications sector projects. Despite the research indicating a considerable level of awareness and utilization of contemporary methodologies, the integration of sustainability objectives varies considerably between projects. While numerous projects adopt environmental sustainability strategies, such as enhancing energy efficiency to reduce environmental impact and minimize carbon emissions, they lack comprehensive sustainability strategies that encompass economic, social, and environmental aspects in an integrated manner. The qualitative interviews yielded insights into the significant challenges to sustainable implementation, including insufficient training, organizational obstacles, and the effects of the ongoing conflict. In light of these findings, the paper addresses these challenges and provides recommendations and effective strategies to overcome them.

Selection of Optimum Enhancement Technique for the Discrimination of Alkali Granites and Syenites around Suryamalai Batholith of Central Tamil Nadu, India

Image processing techniques such as Band Ratio, Principal Component Analysis, Supervised, Unsupervised classification and Reclassification techniques are generally used as an enhancement technique for alteration zone demarcation and lithological discrimination in geosciences environment. In the present study, Landsat OLI satellite imagery has been utilized to produce various combinations of image enhancement to discriminate alkali syenite and alkali granite of Proterozoic age. These techniques were also used to differentiate three phases of granites reported in Suryamalai Batholith which is very difficult to map by conventional method due to its rugged topographic nature. 12 types of enhancement techniques were applied to differentiate rock alkali syenite from granite, however only few methods such as Kaufmanns ratio, ratio of 5/7, 3/1 and 3/5 and supervised classification were found to be suitable for the discrimination of those rocky types. Band ratio 5/7, 3/1 and 3/5, Crosta analysis and thermal reclassification techniques significantly brought to light the difference between the metamorphic rocks such as fissile hornblende biotite gneiss and hornblende biotite gneiss of Archaean age. Similarly, phase I and phase III granites were perfectly discriminated from all the image enhancement techniques. It is differentiated mainly based on its grain size and mineral variation between these two rock types. Study revealed that standard digital image processing technique can be effectively used for lithological mapping.

Effect of soft tissue thickness on accuracy of conventional and digital implant impression techniques

BackgroundPlacing implants deep sub-gingivally may affect the accuracy of implant impression techniques and the fit of final restoration.PurposeThe aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of soft tissue thickness on accuracy of conventional and digital implant impression techniques.MethodsFour parallel implant analogues (A, B, C, D) placed in each of two epoxy resin models representing edentulous mandible covered by flexible polyurethane material with two different thickness two mm and four mm. A total of sixty impressions performed, thirty impressions for each model divided into four groups (n = 15 per group) GI (C2mm) open tray impression with two mm implant depth, GII (C4mm) open tray impression with four mm implant depth, GIII (D2mm) digital impression with two mm implant depth, GIV (D 4 mm) digital impression with four mm implant depth. Impressions from open tray technique were poured to get stone casts while impressions from digital scanning technique were printed as three-dimensional printed casts. The six inter-implant distances between analogues were measured using Co-ordinate measuring machine, deviations compared to reference models were calculated. Data was collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed using One-way ANOVA test to detect significances between groups.ResultsFor conventional impressions there was significant difference between C2mm/C4mm (P < 0.001) regarding interimplant distance, while in digital impressions there was no significant difference between D2mm/D4mm AB(p = 0.110), BC(p = 0.066), CD(p = 0.710), AD(p = 0.084), AC(p = 0.067) and BD(p = 0.072). There was significant difference between conventional and digital impression techniques C2mm/D2mm, C4mm/D4mm (P < 0.001).ConclusionWithin the limitations of this in-vitro study digital impressions provide more accurate outcomes with implants placed deeper subgingivally than conventional impressions.Trial registrationRetrospectively registered.

Cranioplasty Approaches for Cranial Defects: A Case Series

Abstract Cranial defects are commonly caused due to road traffic accidents, tumor, postneurosurgery, or congenital deformities. Protection of the cranial structures, maintaining cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, and esthetics are some of the prime considerations while restoration of such defects. The use of autograft or allograft materials such as bone from a self or another donor site from ribs, ilium, tibia, scapula, and fascia and procedures such as split-thickness cranioplasty were carried out in the past. However, in larger defects, alloplastic materials such as celluloids, methyl methacrylate, hydroxyapatite, polyethylene, silicone, and metals such as titanium, aluminum, and stainless steel, were used for restoration. Irrespective of the material of choice, it is desirable of the prosthetic material to demonstrate low thermal conductivity, optimal strength, low infection rate, longevity, close adaptation to the defect, and fixability with plates to adjacent bone. Before digital imaging, conventional impressions were made, and approximations were done to fabricate cranial plates. With the advent of digital technology and bone imaging techniques with alongside the development of printed and milled materials, accurate cranial prosthesis can be fabricated. We cannot disregard conventional techniques as these are still used in places where access to digital technology is limited and also for patients who cannot afford the cost incurred with digital technology. The case series presents one case, which was fabricated with a conventional method, and two cases with two different approaches using digital technology. The paper aims to present various advantages, limitations, and nuances needed while the fabrication of such a prosthesis with these three methods.

The Application of Digital Marketing in the Operation and Development of Pet Stores in China

Pet stores have both opportunities and challenges as a result of the notable rise of the pet sector in China in recent years. Pet stores are increasingly using digital marketing techniques to successfully navigate this changing environment. The development and functioning of pet stores in China heavily depend on the use and impact of internet marketing. Pet stores can obtain a competitive edge in a highly competitive industry by studying digital marketing methods that will improve their brand awareness, customer engagement, sales growth, and operational efficiency. This study examines the use of digital marketing and its effects on the growth and operation of pet stores in China, analyzing and summarizing the body of prior research in the field. It studies at different consumer traits, profitability tactics, and operational methods. The effectiveness of several digital marketing techniques, such as content, display, search, and social media marketing, is also examined in this article. The study found that pet stores can improve their operational efficiency and brand awareness, customer engagement, and sales by implementing digital marketing methods. Social media marketing, search marketing, display marketing, and content marketing all demonstrate high effectiveness in achieving business objectives. All things considered, internet marketing gives pet stores the vital resources and techniques they need to overcome market obstacles.

Dynamics of Land Use and Coverage and its Impacts on the Upper Moquegua River Hydrographic Basin

Objective: Evaluate; identify and qualify the impacts of the dynamics of land use and coverage in the years 1973 and 2016 in the Hydrographic Basin and in the marginal strip of the Upper Moquegua River in Moquegua Peru. Theoretical framework: In the area studied, human activities and global climate change have disturbed the balance of natural systems, causing major impacts and complex consequences on land use and cover. Method: Digital image processing techniques and supervised classification using the maximum likelihood method were used, followed by matrix editing with refinement of the base and thematic cartography, reaching 94.4% accuracy in interpretation for the year 2016. Result and discussion: The main changes identified regarding the dynamics of land use and coverage were similar in the basin area and in the marginal strip. An increase was noted in the urban area of the entire basin of 568.53ha (1,097.96%) and 134.86ha (1,263.33%) in the marginal strip, which may have been largely influenced by mining activity, which was not observed in 1973, but present in 2016, occupying an area of 1,092.77ha throughout the basin, with 171.99ha in the marginal strip. The areas that had the greatest reduction were those of the glacier, with 2,275.39ha (-93.33%) in the entire basin and 83.77ha (-100.00%) in the marginal strip. Conclusion: With the results of this research, we hope to contribute to the literature related to the topic and to actions and public policies that encourage the appropriate use of land in the Upper Moquegua River Basin, especially in environmental protection areas.

Using marketing strategies to promote maternal health: an international students’ collaboration

Abstract Purpose About 1 in 8 birth parents experience symptoms of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs). The purpose of this collaborative project was to create a social media deliverable to lower the risk of postpartum depression in pregnant and postpartum parents in Georgia, USA. Methods Using the SM 10-step model, Master of Public Health Students from Georgia Southern University (GSU), Georgia in collaboration with Creative Business students from Breda University of Applied Science (BUas), the Netherlands, designed an evidence-based SM product. They were mentored by public health and media faculty from both institutions. Roles and responsibilities according to the skill sets were divided, but briefly: students 1) identified a target audience; 2) conducted tertiary data collection; 3) set goals and objectives; 4) developed 4 P’s (product, price, place, and promotion) 5) developed marketing strategies.; 6) and used the strategy to create a specific social media deliverable. Results Utilizing the 10-step model social marketing strategy used state-of-the-art marketing and digital media techniques and evidence-based strategies to create a digital electronic booklet that focused on reducing the stigma associated with help seeking behaviors with the ultimate goal to reduce the incidence and prevalence of PMADs. The digital interactive booklet will be pilot tested in selected OBGYN offices and health departments in Southeast Georgia in July 2024. Conclusions This collaborative project demonstrates effective collaboration between disciplines from different world regions utilizing strengths from both teams: public health and digital media skills to create an SM product that will be utilized to promote social engagement among postpartum parents. Key messages • Students utilized social marketing strategies to create an electronic booklet to address postpartum depression using state-of-the-art digital media techniques and evidence-based strategies. • This collaborative project demonstrates effective collaboration between disciplines from different world regions and utilizes strengths from both teams.

Delivering shared decision-making before transcatheter aortic valve implantation using digital and remote techniques to enhance patient engagement and convenience

Abstract Introduction Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for patients with aortic stenosis. However, the choice between TAVI, surgery, wait and watch or conservative management needs to be based upon multiple factors including comorbidity, life expectancy, anatomy, local experience and, critically, informed patient preference. In this context, engaging patients in a shared decision-making (SDM) process becomes essential, but this practice is generally underused. Purpose To comply with both international guidance and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) UK recommendations, in January 2023 we established a formal SDM pathway for TAVI, utilising digital solutions as much as possible to minimise the logistic impact for both hospital and patients. We aimed to quantitatively measure the compliance of the digital SDM meeting from the patients’ perspective with the NICE recommended essential and enhanced discussion standards. Methods Patients are contacted when the multidisciplinary heart team recommends TAVI, then offered digital or, where appropriate, physical patient decision aids and a link to a TAVI-specific explanatory video. One week later, patients are invited to a virtual comprehensive SDM meeting where a specialist nurse discusses aortic stenosis and treatment options with the patient as per the NICE recommended standards, allowing time for questioning and review. From December 2022 to June 2023, a custom developed questionnaire was administered to 20 patients prior to, and 28 patients after the implementation of the SDM meeting protocol, directly addressing the patients’ perception of adherence to the NICE standards. This was provided to the patients after the TAVI procedure via an online tool. The answers to the 12 core questions were converted into a Likert scale (1 to 5) and the global satisfaction scores for the 2 patient groups, reported as the average Likert score across the 12 questions, were compared with the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test. Results The global satisfaction score was significantly higher for the post-SDM group than for the pre-SDM group (mean 4.27 vs 3.55, p&amp;lt;0.001). The percentage of patients who gave positive (Likert 4-5) responses to each individual question was consistently higher in the post-SDM group. The percentage of patients giving negative (Likert 1-2) responses was substantially lower in the post-SDM group. Conclusions The SDM pathway and the virtual tools provided proved effective in delivering SDM in compliance with international guidance and NICE recommended standards from the patient’s perspective. A similar approach leveraging digital technology to minimise cost and enhance patient convenience could be implemented for other treatments and across other institutions.Questionnaire results

Reliability and accuracy of Artificial intelligence-based software for cephalometric diagnosis. A diagnostic study

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing cephalometric diagnosis in orthodontics, streamlining the patient assessments. This study aimed to assess the reliability, accuracy, and time consumption of artificial intelligence (AI)-based software compared to a conventional digital cephalometric analysis method on 2D lateral cephalogram.Methods408 lateral cephalometries were analysed using three methods: manual landmark localization, automatic localization, and semi-automatic localization with AI-based software. On each lateral cephalogram, 15 variables were selected, including skeletal, dental, and soft tissue measurements. The difference between the two AI-based software options (automatic and semi-automatic) was compared with the conventional digital technique. The time required to produce a complete cephalometric tracing was evaluated for each method using Student’s t-test.ResultsStatistically significant differences in the accuracy of landmark positioning were detected among the three different techniques (p < 0,01). However, it is noteworthy that almost all of these differences were not clinically significant. There was a small difference in accuracy between the semi-automatic AI-based option and conventional digital techniques. Regarding the time used for each technique, the automatic version was the fastest, followed by the semi-automatic option and the conventional digital technique. (p < 0,000).ConclusionsThe study showed a statistical difference in accuracy between the conventional digital technique and two AI-based software alternatives, but these differences were not clinically significant except for specific measurements. The semi-automatic option was more accurate than the automatic one and faster than conventional tracing. Further research is needed to confirm AI’s accuracy in cephalometric tracing.

Direct vs. Indirect Digital Implant Impressions: A Time and Cost Analysis

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to compare the cost and time implications for implant-supported prosthesis comparing three digital impression techniques: digitization with an intraoral scanner, digitization of the conventional impression (without dental casts) and digitization of the stone models. Methods: To assess the time and cost of digital impression techniques on implants, time records on intraoral scans were consulted and three models were created with one, two and six implants to assess extraoral procedures time. Costs were evaluated based on material consumption, time expenditure and operator-related expenses. Time was recorded in three stages: (1) impression-taking, (2) model fabrication and (3) overall workflow completion. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA to compare cost and time differences across workflows. Results: Intraoral scanning presented a reduction in chair-side time between 4 and 20% when compared to extraoral techniques. For the three clinical situations evaluated, the intraoral scanning always presented the lowest cost. The extraoral digitization of impressions showed a reduction between 51.9% and 53.6% in laboratory time and between 3.5% and 7.6% in total cost compared to stone models digitization. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that intraoral scanning is a more cost-effective and time-efficient alternative to traditional impression methods, providing advantages in terms of reduced material use and shorter procedural durations.

The e-COL+ Project, an Opportunity to Reflect on the Concept of Digital Twin

Abstract The mass digitization efforts associated with the e-COL+ project, focusing on French natural history collections, provide an invaluable opportunity to reassess the need to build a comprehensive 3D digital collection to complement existing 2D digital repositories. This article explores the importance of incorporating 3D data into digital collections, highlighting its significant impact on scientific research, conservation efforts, and public outreach campaigns. Although the e-COL+ project faces practical obstacles related to digitization, it also raises important theoretical questions about the complex interplay between physical and digital objects. Here, we challenge the concepts of digital clone and digital twin that are commonly used in the construction of digital collections. The digital twin concept more accurately captures the intricate and adaptive connection between physical and digital entities that results from the precise digitization techniques used and the evolving characteristics of the specimens found in natural history collections.

Computer-guided implant surgery and tooth-mirroring digital workflow to treat an esthetically compromised clinical case

Background: In multidisciplinary dentistry, it is common to observe clinical cases that present multiple complications at the end of orthodontic therapy, such as differences in gingival height, alterations in size and shape of the teeth, and reduced residual spaces for implant therapies. Aim: The aim of the study was to solve an esthetic case with the help of digitally assisted prosthetic and surgical design. Methods: A young patient had been treated orthodontically for the agenesis of tooth 12 and the conoid shape of tooth 22. Previous therapy consisted of opening the space for tooth 12 by positioning a Maryland-type composite bridge, followed by reconstruction with a composite of tooth 22. Various composite reconstructions on teeth 11 and 21 were no longer adequate. Furthermore, both elements had discordant coronal axes, the diastema was observed at the incisal level, and tooth 21 was approximately 1 mm longer than tooth 11. Radiographic analysis revealed that the roots of teeth 11 and 13 converge, providing sufficient space for the insertion of a small-diameter implant. An intraoral scan and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were performed; both data files were merged using surgical design software. A surgical guide was developed for the insertion of an implant in site 12. After insertion, the composite bridge, which was no longer suitable, was removed and a new temporary metal-composite Maryland bridge was positioned. Using an artificial intelligence tool of the design software, tooth 22 was isolated, mirrored, inserted in site 12 to reproduce the gingival profile, and subtracted from the digital impression. A technician then copied this emergence profile to build a zirconia prosthetic crown to be screwed on the implant. Teeth 22, 11, and 21 were restored with a lithium disilicate crown and two veneers, respectively. Results: The initial digital design and the use of a guided surgery procedure allowed for the insertion of a small diameter implant without damaging the roots of the adjacent teeth. The prosthetic design procedure, using the digital tools of the design program, made it possible to standardize and create symmetrical gingival profiles of teeth 12 and 22. The overall composition was completed by the use of minimally invasive adhesive prosthetic techniques on teeth 11, 21, and 22. Conclusion: Digital resources have become essential tools for dental professionals. The knowledge and use of technologies like intraoral scanning and CBCT, combined with various innovations such as artificial intelligence in prosthetic and implant design software, enable dentists to manage even the most complex interdisciplinary clinical cases with greater confidence. Relevance for Patients: Digital techniques are now widely used across all fields of dentistry. This has led to the need for operators of all ages to adjust their decision-making process compared to traditional techniques. These new techniques have also improved communication with patients, allowing the dental team to have a clearer understanding of the clinical path to follow and consequently offer their patients precise dentistry solutions.

Experimental method for internal deformation measurement of 3D solids with embedded cracks based on 3D printing and digital speckle techniques

Quantification of the internal deformation of fractured solids such as rock masses under external loads, especially the deformation around internal fractures, is crucial for understanding and predicting the failure of fractured solids. However, it is very difficult to achieve the goal using conventional experimental methods. In this study, we proposed a novel internal deformation measurement method based on three-dimensional (3D) printing and digital speckle techniques. The 3D printing technology was applied to fabricate a 3D transparent model with an embedded elliptical crack and to set a speckle pattern on the internal section of the transparent model. The digital image correlation (DIC) method was used to determine the internal deformation field of the 3D fractured model. The measured displacements and strains of the internal sections in the fractured model were compared with the numerical simulation results. The comparison indicates that the proposed experimental method can well determine the deformation inside the 3D model. This built-in speckle method can realize real-time observation of the internal deformation of a 3D solid model in a non-contact and non-destructive manner.

Hidden Archaeological Remains in Heterogeneous Vegetation: A Crop Marks Study in Fortified Settlements of Northwestern Iberian Peninsula

This study evaluates the effectiveness of multispectral imaging via Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), in combination with advanced digital image processing techniques, for the detection and mapping of archaeological sites within diverse landscapes. The research focuses on six case studies located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, a region marked by complex vegetation patterns and varying topography. The primary objective is to assess the potential of these non-invasive remote sensing techniques in identifying crop marks associated with buried structures from ancient, fortified settlements. By means of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and vegetation indices, the study aims to pinpoint areas of interest that may indicate the presence of archaeological features, while effectively distinguishing them from modern disturbances or natural terrain variations. The research encountered several challenges, including seasonal variations in crop conditions and recent land-use changes. The methodology successfully identified distinct archaeological features. In some instances, natural vegetation variability, typically seen as an obstacle, enhanced the visibility of crop marks, aiding in the detection of underlying structures. These results offer a cost-effective and scalable option for preliminary archaeological surveys, particularly in refining survey methodologies and guiding future excavation efforts aimed at uncovering and preserving ancient, fortified settlements in the region.

Hybrid Deep Learning Based Model for Removing Grid-Line Artifacts from Radiographical Images

The digital imaging technique known as Computed Radiography (CR) has transformed the medical imaging industry by providing a number of advantages. It eliminates the need for traditional film-based methods, making it more efficient and convenient. A common issue faced with CR images is the presence of grid artifacts and other pattern artifacts, which can have a significant impact on the quality of the images when viewed on a computer screen, especially if a clinic-grade display is not accessible. This paper presents a novel framework for removing grid line artifacts from X-ray images, which is a critical challenge in medical imaging. The framework proposes a hybrid Deep Grid model that combines a Gaussian band-stop filter with ADAM optimization to produce high-quality, grid-line free X-ray images that are suitable for further analysis and diagnosis. Deep learning (DL) models for instance the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), DenseNet, VGG-Net, and Fast R-CNN were utilized to classify images, and the grid-by-grid removal of grid lines in the image was performed. The proposed framework achieved a high accuracy rate of 98% in eliminating grid line artifacts from X-ray images, demonstrating its possibility for a big improvement the accuracy and reliability of diagnostics for medical based on X-ray images

Digital Archives for Academic Heritage: Tools and Processing Environments for the Museum Metaverse and Scientific Dissemination

Abstract. In recent years the digital visualisation techniques, including 3D digital models of indoor spaces, saw an exponential increase in their applications, both in the fields of Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) and of Cultural Heritage (CH). This growth is mainly due to the increasing affordability of tools for the acquisition and elaboration of three-dimensional digital survey/data management and to their increasing ‘user friendliness’.The research proposes a further step on research started some years ago by our group about the exploration of indoor mapping for the creation of the 3D virtual museum of our Institution, starting with the realisation of a virtual model of the university’s spaces (departments and halls). At first, the virtual museum will host the Curioni Digital Collection, which consist of circa 140 wooden models of building details, bridges, tunnels, and vaults designed by prof. G. Curioni during the second half of the XIX century as teaching aids for the Construction and Structural Design classes. A comparison between two main tools to support management and diffusion of geometrical, alphanumerical, and topological data will be given (Matterport and Unity). The parallel approach considering two tools is to provide a digital twin of a real collection placed in a real space, and, on the other hand, to use a real historical university space, virtualized, to host a virtual collection.