Digital Signal Processor Card Research Articles

Hybrid PVP/Battery/Fuel Cell Wireless Charging Stations Using High-Frequency Optimized Inverter Technology for Electric Vehicles

The design and integration of intelligent energy management systems in hybrid electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, leveraging industry 4.0 and renewable energy sources, is crucial for advancing sustainability, efficiency, and technological development. The innovative hybrid EV charging station described in this study uses a combination of fuel cells, batteries, and solar panels that run at 14 amps a piece at 240 volts. The system consists of five essential components that work together to transfer power wirelessly: an EV battery bank, a boost converter, an HF inverter, transfer coils, and a power supply. Two crucial phases make up the optimization process. In phase 1, the boost converter’s maximum power point is tracked and optimized to generate the most power possible by varying the duty cycle between 10% and 90%. In phase 2, the HF uses a class ϕ2 inverter at 30 MHz to synchronize with the resonant frequency of wireless power transfer coils. Zero-voltage switching is used by a digital signal processor card to carry out control for effective operations. By utilizing hybrid sources to optimize power transmission, this design improves the sustainability of EV charging options.

Traveling Wave-Based Primary Protection and Fault Localization Scheme for MTDC Grid Considering IEC 61869-9 Measurement Standard

Traveling wave (TW) based protection and fault localization requires high sampling frequency measurements (500 kHz - 1 MHz) and are non-compliant to the IEC 61869-9 measurement standards, which allows maximum sampling frequency of 96 kHz for DC application. This work proposes a novel low sampling frequency (50 kHz) TW based primary protection and real-time DC fault localization technique for multi terminal high voltage DC (MTDC) grid which is compliant with the aforementioned measurement standard. In the proposed MTDC protection scheme, a TW arrival time (TWAT) is estimated under low sampling frequency measurement using cascaded combination of modified mathematical morphology gradient (MMG), sobel operator and linear regression tool. Subsequently, the TWAT information at both DC link terminals is communicated via dedicated communication channel compliant to IEC-61850-9-2 standard. And if the TWAT difference between DC terminals is less than the TW propagation threshold for the protected DC line, then a DC trip signal is issued to the associated hybrid DC circuit breaker (HDCCB). For fast power system restoration, the same TWAT information is also used for real-time fault localization in the faulted DC line, which is also compliant with IEC 61869-9 measurement standards. Finally, the practical feasibility of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through control hardware-in-loop testing with real-time digital simulation setup and TI TMS320F28379d digital signal processor card.

PID Control of an Inverted Pendulum with Experimental Friction Model Estimation

An inverted pendulum system is designed, implemented, and stabilized on a short path. Proportional-Integral-Differential (PID) control algorithm is embedded on a digital signal processing card to achieve the stabilization in a real time. DC-motor dynamics of the inverted pendulum system and cart-track friction are unknown and their effects are taken into account by the incremental duty cycle approach. Experimental tests, conducted for various experimental conditions, have shown that the inverted pendulum system reached the desired state in the presence of friction and various external disturbances.

Experimental implementation PWM strategy for dual three-phase PMSM using 12-sector vector space decomposition applied on electric ship propulsion

The current paper aims at presenting and examining an implementation on a digital signal processor (DSP) of the conventional space vector pulse width modulation (CSVPWM) so as to control the dual three phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (DTP-PMSM) drives applied on electric ship propulsion. It is also an attempt to accomplish a developed control of this technique based on vector space decomposition (VSD) strategy. By this strategy, the analysis and the control of the machine are achieved in three two-dimensional orthogonal subspaces. Among the 12 voltage vectors having maximum, the conventional technique namely the adjacent two-vectors (12SA2V) is chosen. Thereby, the test platform allows the implementation of the chosen vectors which are modeled on MATLAB/Simulink using block diagrams and the automatically generated code which is targeted in the DSP card processor. Simulation and experimental results have exposed the efficiency of the proposed test bench of 5 KW prototype machine by using a low-cost TMS32F28379D.

An on-line monitoring system for wire electrical discharge turning process

This article presents a new pulse discriminating system for process monitoring of wire electrical discharge turning. The pulse discriminating device, including a spark gap monitor and a digital signal processor card, has been developed to identify four major gap states classified as open circuit, normal spark, arc discharge and short circuit based on the characteristics of gap voltage waveform as well as compute ignition delay time for each open circuit and normal spark. By means of this system, the proportion of open circuit, normal spark, arc discharge and short circuit to total sparks and average ignition delay time within a time interval of 200 ms can be analyzed quantitatively during the wire electrical discharge turning process. It has been observed that thread cutting using wire electrical discharge turning exhibited more stable machining than cylindrical wire electrical discharge turning under a servo feed machining condition because servo feed control of the cylindrical wire electrical discharge turning process only focused on keeping forward sparking gap at a proper width, but it failed to respond to the variation of lateral gap width due to an independent motion of the rotary axis with respect to the translational axis. Experimental results also demonstrate that these pulse train data and average ignition delay time can substitute for average gap voltage as sensing parameters for on-line monitoring and control of the wire electrical discharge turning process.

DSPACE Real-Time Implementation of MPPT-Based FLC Method

Maximum power point trackers are so important in photovoltaic systems to improve their overall efficiency. This paper presents a photovoltaic system with maximum power point tracking facility. An intelligent fuzzy logic controller method is proposed in this paper to achieve the maximum power point tracking of PV modules. The system consists of a photovoltaic solar module connected to a DC-DC buck-boost converter. The system is modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The system has been experienced under disturbance in the photovoltaic temperature and irradiation levels. The simulation results show that the proposed maximum power tracker tracks the maximum power accurately and successfully in all conditions tested. The MPPT system is then experimentally implemented. DSPACE is used in the implementation of the MPPT hardware setup for real-time control. Data acquisition and control system is implemented using dSPACE 1104 software and digital signal processor card. The simulation and practical results show that the proposed system tracked the maximum power accurately and successfully under all atmospheric conditions.

The dynamic characteristics of an isolated self-excited induction generator driven by a wind turbine

This paper presents the effect of magnetizing inductance on self-excitation. It also describes the loading analysis of an isolated induction generator, and how the operating frequency and generated voltage are affected by the change in operating slip value for regulated and unregulated rotor speed. Wind-powered self-excited induction generators have an input wind which is not controllable, but they can be set to operate within a given variation of speed. The experimental and simulated results for a dynamic generated voltage, frequency, and power are presented. The dynamic electromagnetic torque produced by the induction generator is also given. A dSPACE DS1102 digital signal processor card is used for data acquisition and for control of the driven speed.

Real-time toolbox provides convenient lab-data acquistion

Data-acquisition techniques are changing so rapidly these days that it is difficult to summarize all the possibilities. Some time ago these techniques were reserved for computer professionals who used assembly language and arcane technical information to produce packages that were hard to modify and understand. However, the field is gradually becoming more user-friendly, making it more accessible to those who use data acquisition but are not professional programmers. It is possible now to program many acquisition cards in the C language, and the visual LabView language developed by National Instruments is becoming a de facto standard. Educational apparatus producers such as Pasco have developed their own menu-driven, graphical user interfaces. For many people who use mathematics-oriented fourth-generation languages such as Matlab, Scilab, Maple, or Mathematica (and often don't know C), it is convenient to be able to insert data directly into these work environments. This trend has already begun, as Mathworks provides an interface to some acquisition cards, and some digital signal processor card manufacturers provide a software interface to Matlab.

Real-Time PC-Based System for Dynamic Beat-to-Beat QT-RR Analysis

A real-time analysis (RTA) system, based on a personal computer with a digital signal processor card (DSP) was developed. The system extracts and saves the QT and RR intervals from an incoming ECG signal sampled at 1 kHz. The method of defining the QT and RR intervals is based on performing multiple cross-correlations that enables rejection of artifacts from the analysis. The relationship between the RR and the QT intervals is found using the following general formula QTicRRii−1. Linear regression is performed on the logarithms of QT and RR measurements obtained to estimate a constant (a = logc) and a slope (b), reflecting the dynamic change of the QT intervals. Having these two values, the dynamic QT extrapolated to a heart period of 1 s (QTcd) was calculated. The system also performs spectral analysis of the intervals and dynamic QT-RR relation analysis. The system was evaluated on recordings from 10 infants aged 4 to 24 weeks. The QT/RR computerized measuring device used in the present study answers to the requirements for precise dynamic beat-to-beat QT measurement. Its sampling rate is high and can achieve a real millisecond-precision without the need of interpolation methods. The measurements are performed on-line, at the time of the actual recording. Results appear immediately and a measure of dynamic QT behavior can be easily obtained within minutes. The computerized system with the dynamic QT-RR measurements may provide a simple and accurate tool for testing drug treatment and effects of other interventions for cardiac disorders and arrhythmia risk.

Real-time spike detection in EEG signals using the wavelet transform and a dedicated digital signal processor card

This paper describes a complete real-time system for EEG signal analysis. Specific software and hardware have been designed to provide biologists with an efficient tool, which allows a complete study of the different states of vigilance as well as the paroxysmal activities. The analysis method which is based on the wavelet transform is first presented and compared to the standard spectral approach. The dedicated digital signal processor card, based on the Motorola 96002 processor chip, that has been designed to support real-time acquisition and real-time processing of EEG signals is then presented. We finally illustrate the proposed method by processing real EEG signals of rats, and show that it opens up new prospects in the domain of EEG-based diagnosis. We propose a new representation, called globalization, that provides a global view and better detection of paroxysmal activities.

Aortic compliance measured by non-invasive Doppler ultrasound: application of a personal computer based Mk II system and its repeatability

A non-invasive pulse-wave-velocity Doppler ultrasound technique for the assessment of aortic compliance is described. A computational approach for correcting for the effect of non-chronic changes in blood pressure is considered and applied to compliance measurements performed on an age-select cohort of 70 normotensive, normal healthy volunteers. In order to permit the wider availability of the pulse-wave-velocity Doppler ultrasound technique, the authors have developed a Mk II system based on a standard 80486/33 MHz IBM compatible WINDOWS based personal computer; real-time spectral analysis being achieved using a relatively inexpensive but fast analogue to digital signal processing card. An overview of the new apparatus is provided and verification work to compare the repeatability of the Mk I and Mk II systems is described. Medical disorders such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, familial hypercholesterolaemia, growth hormone deficiency, and Ehlers—Danlos and Marfans syndromes have all been shown to affect arterial wall compliance. We suggest that the in vivo clinical measurement of blood pressure corrected aortic distensibility using the Mk II system may be a useful, reproducible, non-invasive tool for assessing such patients' susceptibility to atheromatous arterial disease as well as for monitoring their response to therapeutic interventions. Measurements in the aorta may be especially pertinent since the natural history of fatty streaks there tends to parallel that in the coronary vasculature thereby potentially affording a convenient surrogate estimate of coronary heart disease.

A personal computer-based visual evoked potential stimulus and recording system.

A system for recording electroretinograms and visual evoked cortical potentials has been constructed with the use of a personal computer and a digital signal processing card. The system is based on widely available commercial hardware. It has been designed to be capable of performing routine visual electrophysiology as well as allowing the development of novel visual stimuli and signal detection techniques. The system enables both transient and steady-state stimulation rates. Pattern stimuli can be presented in pattern-reversal, pattern-onset, pattern-offset or motion-onset modes. In addition to conventional signal averaging, the digital signal processing card can also provide on-line Fourier analysis and is facilitating the development of adaptive filtering techniques for the detection of steady-state visual evoked cortical potentials. This versatile system is in regular clinical use for the measurement of electroretinograms and visual evoked cortical potentials.

Auxiliary Signal Processing System for a Multiparameter Radar

The design of an auxiliary signal processor for a multiparameter radar is described with emphasis on low cost, quick development, and minimum disruption of radar operations. The processor is based around a low-cost digital signal processor card and personal computer controller. With the use of such a concept, an auxiliary processor was implemented for the NCAR CP-2 radar during a 1991 summer field campaign and allowed measurement of additional polarimetric parameters, namely, the differential phase and the copolar cross correlation. Sample data are presented from both the auxiliary and existing radar signal processors.

Digidesign's Sound Accelerator: Lessons Lived and Learned

This paper describes Digidesign's Sound Accelerator, a digital signal processing card for the Apple Macintosh II and SE based on Motorola's 56001 digital signal processing (DSP) chip. The card also includes dual 16-bit digital-to-analog converters allowing 44.1 KHz stereo playback. An expansion port on the card provides connection to a stereo 16-bit analog-to-digital conversion box as well as an Audio Engineering Society/European Broadcast Union (AES/EBU) digital interface for digital audio tape (DAT) or compact disk (CD) player interfacing. This paper describes the card's hardware and then outlines the development environment that has been created for the Sound Accelerator. Finally, there is a discussion of the limits of this environ-