Digital Quantity Research Articles

Application of hydroponic plants watering automations based on atmega328 microcontroller on water spinach (Pomea Aquatic Forsk)

The development of electronic technology in the era of globalization is very rapid. Utilization of this technology as a means to assist in agriculture, especially hydroponic plantations that are currently developing, to obtain optimal results, it is necessary to monitor the humidity and temperature conditions of the growing media. In previous research, a system was made that was able to maintain the humidity and temperature of the water following what the plant needed. The tool consists of a temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ATMega328 microcontroller, ADC and water pump. Temperature and humidity sensors function to detect temperature and humidity. The ADC functions to change the amount of voltage measured by temperature and soil moisture into a digital quantity which is then forwarded to the ATMega328 microcontroller to be processed into a digital display on the LCD. The ATMega328 microcontroller also regulates the ON and OFF of the water pump engine. The next research is to apply the tools that have been made in real terms. This research will apply the tools that have been made to the water spinach plant (Pomea Aquatic Forsk).

Design and research of wireless optical power meter based on IoT big data and physical quantity

In response to the problems of low accuracy, high radiation, and high power consumption in industrial UV power detection, the author proposes a design scheme based on a low-power microcontroller MSP430 as the core controller, two UV photoelectric sensors as detectors, and wireless LoRa as the data transmission method. This scheme adopts dual sensors and achieves photoelectric conversion and ambient light filtering through a subtractive amplification circuit. It also uses high-precision programmable AD acquisition chips to achieve controllable amplification of the signal and convert analog signals into digital quantities for transmission to the main controller MSP430. The improved sliding average filtering method is used to perform digital filtering on the collected data and calculate the corresponding power value, data is transmitted to the upper computer for real-time display through wireless Lora. Research and experiments have shown that the dual sensors have a good agreement with the standard values. The difference between the measured values after digital filtering and the standard values is small, and the linearity of digital filtering is good. It can be seen from the two figures that the higher the power value, the higher the lighting temperature. It has been proven that the entire system operates stably, with high accuracy, low power consumption, and can remotely and real-time detect changes in ultraviolet light power. It can be widely used in the field of industrial ultraviolet light detection.

Distribution of cycles for one-dimensional random dynamical systems

We consider an independently identically distributed random dynamical system generated by finitely many, non-uniformly expanding Markov interval maps with a finite number of branches. Assuming a topologically mixing condition and the uniqueness of equilibrium state for the associated skew product map, we establish a samplewise (quenched) almost-sure level-2 weighted equidistribution of ‘random cycles’, with respect to a natural stationary measure as the periods of the cycles tend to infinity. This result implies an analogue of Bowen's theorem on periodic orbits of topologically mixing Axiom A diffeomorphisms. We also prove another almost-sure convergence theorem, as well as an averaged (annealed) theorem that is related to semigroup actions. We apply our results to the random β-expansion of real numbers, and obtain almost-sure convergences of average digital quantities in random β-expansions of random cycles that do not follow from the application of the ergodic theorems of Birkhoff or Kakutani. Our main results are applicable to random dynamical systems generated by finitely many maps with common neutral fixed points.

Research on Hybrid AC Sampling Technology in Substation Based on Frequency Threshold

During the operation of the power grid, AC quantity acquisition plays an important role in the power system to convert analog quantity into digital quantity, which is the basis of realizing substation automation. The accuracy and reliability of sampling directly affect the reliability and stability of the whole system. Therefore, this paper studies a hybrid AC sampling technology based on frequency threshold, which is based on the sampling method. The polynomial fitting method is used to restore the power data at the time of the fault point, mainly to judge the frequency change points collected by the system and whether or not the corresponding sampling mode is switched by comparing the frequency change value with the threshold value. Finally, the advantages of the above conclusions are verified by simulation.

Research on the Function and Application of Some Classical Combinational Logic Products

Digital signals are discrete and discontinuous signals both in time and quantity. The circuits used for digital signal processing are digital circuits. Digital electronics came into being. It is a fully developed technology, through the construction and use of specific digital circuits to achieve the logical operation of digital quantities and required logical functions. Therefore, the basic characteristic of digital circuit system is logical operation and logical processing function. The main applications of digital electronic technology are combinational logic circuit, sequential logic circuit, pulse waveform generation and shaping, digital and analog conversion circuit, etc. Here only describes the practical application products of combinatorial logic circuit and sequential logic circuit, namely decoder and counter.

Development of atmega328 microcontroller based hydroponic plant watering automation tools

The development of electronic technology in the era of globalization is very rapid. Utilization of this technology as a means to monitor soil conditions for agriculture, especially hydroponic plantations which are currently developing, to obtain optimal results it is necessary to monitor humidity and temperature conditions. This research will create a system that can maintain humidity and air temperature according to what plants need. The tools made consist of a temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ATMega328 microcontroller, ADC and water pump. Temperature and humidity sensors function to detect air temperature and humidity. The ADC functions to convert the voltage measurement results from temperature and humidity measurements into digital quantities which are then forwarded to the ATMega328 microcontroller to be processed into a digital display on the LCD. The ATMega328 microcontroller also regulates the ON and OFF of the water pump machine.

A fusion approach based on evidential reasoning rule considering the reliability of digital quantities

As a typical multi-sensor fusion technology, the evidential reasoning (ER) rule has been widely used in evaluation, decision, and classification tasks. Current researches on the ER rule tend to fuse objects of the same type, such as the unquantized analog quantity. However, the fusion of unquantized analog quantity and quantized digital quantity is more common in engineering, but has received minimal attention. Given the characteristics of the ER rule, the biggest challenge imposed by this fusion is to consider the reliability of digital quantity reasonably. In this paper, a new fusion approach of digital and analog quantity based on the ER rule is proposed. In order to improve the fusion accuracy, the combination of quantization error and external noise is adopted to measure the reliability of digital quantity. On this basis, the digital and analog quantities are fused together according to the ER rule. To further explore the intrinsic mechanism of the proposed approach, a detailed performance analysis is conducted to study the variation law of evidence reliability and fusion results. Finally, a numerical example and a case study are intended to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Use of algorithms in building construction preparation

Abstract Nowadays, it is increasingly important to develop economical construction processes and determine predictable costs. The current level of technology offers countless, even undeveloped opportunities to support architectural, engineering, and construction processes. Building information models created as results of design processes and databases associated with them can provide an appropriate base to fulfill the requirements. However, this information is mainly available only for the largest projects; the possibilities offered by traditional editable vector files (e.g., *.DWG) should also be examined. This study analyzes the efficiency increasing possibilities that can be achieved using low-detail 3D models generated by algorithms and applying 2D-based digital quantity estimation workflows.

Research on multi-functional intelligent ventilator based on UC/OS-III operating system for gas concentration detection

In order to change the traditional gas concentration inspection and exhaust device, the system through the gas concentration to control the rotation of the fan, to achieve real-time gas concentration monitoring, alarm control and GPS global positioning. In this study, STM32F4ZGT6 with ARM Coretex-M4 as the core controller is combined with embedded system design, and MDK is used to develop software programming. Through the ADC MQ-9 carbon monoxide sensor detection module and infrared NDIR carbon dioxide sensor detection module of the output of the analog conversion to digital quantity acquisition and processing, when the gas concentration exceeds the pre-set threshold, triggering a buzzer alarm, timer and the energy conservation and exhaust fan work, implementation is beyond the rapid circulation of the gas and gas concentration inside and outside the display of the time.Through bluetooth and mobile phone connection, real-time check of gas concentration, using the upper computer to control the operation mode of exhaust fan and change the gas concentration threshold. Modular programming is adopted in this study to improve the maintainability and facilitate debugging and modification in the later stage of the study. Through practical verification, the system can realize the detection of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide concentration, real-time alarm monitoring, GPS positioning and change exhaust fan working mode and other functions, with real time, practicality and reliability.

Research on Liquid Concentration Measuring Instrument

In order to measure the concentration of different liquids, a new type of sensor is used to detect the small capacitance change. When a thin copper sheet is inserted into the solution, when the liquid concentration changes, the capacitance of the copper plate to ground will change. Fdc2214 is used to sense the change and convert it into digital quantity, which can be measured by various microprocessors through IIC output.

Piezoelectric Sensing Element‐Assisted Ceramic Art Process Optimization and Visual Quantitative Characterization

In this paper, piezoelectric sensing elements are used to assist in the study and analysis of ceramic art process optimization and visual quantization characteristics. A series piezoelectric element impedance sensor is designed based on the resonant frequency characteristics of the series piezoelectric element. Combining the resonant frequency characteristics of the series piezoelectric element and the basic principle of the impedance method, a multisensing impedance method based on the series piezoelectric element impedance sensor is proposed. The feasibility of the multisensing impedance method for monitoring the grout compactness was verified experimentally, and the basic principle of the method was further investigated by finite element simulation. The vase‐type porcelain vessels were classified according to symmetry elements to find the characteristic points, the abdominal morphology was used as the basis for classification, and the screened samples were extracted from the contours to exclude the influence of other factors on the vessel shape. By the symmetrical elements of each type of ware, the classification principle of the ware type was designed and divided into six types, and each type was further subdivided into various types to establish a typological map of Qing dynasty bottle porcelain. The information entropy redundancy that describes the uniformity of the code appearance probability and the visual redundancy that describes the human eye’s sensitivity to image content or details are all entry points that can be considered for image coding. The experimental results show that the LBP‐HOG fusion features can digitally express the information of ancient ceramic ornamentation and dig and verify the evolution of ceramic ornamentation with the times from the digital quantity. The GRNN model has an excellent performance in processing small samples of ancient ceramic data.

Design of micro resistance measurement system

With the continuous progress and development of the electronics industry, the number and types of electronic components are also increasing. As the most widely used device in electronic components, the accuracy of resistors greatly affects the performance of the product. Therefore, we need to design a highly accurate and intelligent micro-resistance measurement system to meet the needs of the current society. This paper designs a micro-resistance measurement system. The system uses ST89C52 single-chip microcomputer as the data processing and control chip, and uses a constant voltage source to provide a stable voltage for the resistance to be measured. The measurement module of this system is based on the RC oscillator circuit, the pulse time is measured by the pulse counting method and then the measured frequency is calculated, because the frequency is a digital quantity that the single-chip microcomputer is relatively easy to identify and process; the selection module is mainly controlled by the 51 single-chip microcomputer. The gears correspond to different non-polar capacitors; LCD1602 displays the value and unit of the measured resistance. And the system uses the C language for software design, at the same time design the corresponding flow chart and write the complete source code for programming; finally, the corresponding physical objects are produced and corresponding debugging is carried out, and the debugging results meet the design requirements of the subject. By comparison, the general measurement methods have the disadvantages of complex calculations, and it is not easy to realize automatic measurement and intelligent. It has been verified that the system adopts these modules to make the test instrument more accurate and intelligent to achieve the required requirements.

PID control realization of drying system of the finishing line based on MCGS and PLC

In order to achieve the temperature control accuracy of the finishing line drying system, a PID control system based on MCGS and PLC is proposed. Using MCGS configuration software to edit the touch screen picture, Siemens PLC hardware configuration and programming, PID control algorithm to realize the conversion of analog and digital quantity, as well as the communication design between the upper computer (PC) and PLC and touch screen. Through the practical verification of assembly and debuggin, the control of the given value ± 5 °C of the drying system temperature of the finish line is realized.

Design of Multi-channel data acquisition system based on single Chip computer and LabVIEW

Labview is a graphical programming language that creates applications with icons instead of text lines. Because the traditional data acquisition system based on single chip computer is not supported by the upper computer, its storage capacity is limited, no matter what kind of data memory is used, so it has to overwrite and refresh the stored historical data. This system uses the lower computer to collect the analog data, and from the single chip computer to collect the eight channels of data, and to answer the command sent by the host. The host computer is responsible for processing and displaying the received digital quantity. The host and slave communicate with each other using RS-232. The paper presents design of Multi-channel data acquisition system based on single Chip computer and LabVIEW.

Research on the technology of abnormal discharge detection device for metal fittings based on optical fiber signal transmission

This paper aims to develop an abnormal discharge detection device based on optical fiber signal transmission, and realize the reliable detection of abnormal discharge between fittings of high voltage electrical equipment. The detector and visible light detector developed in the arc light detection part can realize the efficient detection of ultraviolet light and visible light in the arc light. By optical fiber far - range signal transmission structure, this design developed multifunctional optical signal collector, which can be converted into analog electric signal, state quantity signal, digital quantity signal and other forms while collecting arc light efficiently.

SMART REAL TIME EMBEDDED ARDUINO BASED DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM

In this paper, an effort has been made to design and develop a smart real time embedded Arduino based data logger for indoor and outdoor environment. The present work has been concentrated to environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity and solar insolation. The data logger is proposed to be developed with the use of Arduino Uno based on ATmega328. The Arduino Microcontroller board is used which has inbuilt ADC and other peripheral circuitry necessary for operation. The physical parameter is sensed by the sensors and is converted into analog signal. This analog signal is fed to the Arduino board ADC pins which is then converted in to an equivalent digital quantity and is further processed in the microcontroller. The raw digital signal or processed signal out of microcontroller may be displayed on the LCD display or it’s saved in a database or even at the same time this data is sent to computer through the USB serial port. The serial port data is then accessed and is imported in Microsoft excel for computation and graphical representation.

Generating Digital Reputation Index: A Case Study

Digital world is transforming wares to soft-wares, business to e-business, brick and mortar companies to online companies. With its exponentially increasing nature the transformation is continuing. One crucial value of any company, which is interrelated with all the sub divisions and operations of the company, can be considered as its reputation. This paper mainly discusses the quantitative face of reputation from the social capital perspective and its transformation by the increasing and irrepressible power of technology. We attempt to answer the question “how to represent the digital reputation of the companies in a digital world?” under the effect of transformation from web 1.0 to web 3.0. As a solution we propose a quantitative methodology for aggregating digital quantities collected from social network sites, company web pages, blogs and wikis and we propose a formulation and indexing method, built on different dimensions of digital world and by the way, the companies can be ranked respectively. As a case study, we focus on the stock market companies in Turkey and their digital reputation and we output a digital reputation index but more importantly we discuss the methodology of creating a digital index for the reputation of companies. Finally we conduct diagnostics on the output index to assess its degree of validity. We believe the research will be a guidance for the research studies in the digital reputation index, since it is one of the first index creation methodology on digital reputation studies and data source has a great variety, volume and velocity as the big data.

Digital Thermometer Design Based on Single-Chip AT89C2051

Single-chip AT89C2051 as the main-control component of the device, we designed a digital thermometer from the aspects of hardware, it with the aid of temperature sensor DS18B20, the device used single bus technology to detect the ambient temperature (analogue) is converted into digital quantity, it was accepted, processed, judged by single-chip microcomputerand then control and display. The temperature measured range in - 30 °C to + 120 °C, the accuracy class + 0.5 °C, four LED Nixie tube as display mode.

Design of Performance Analysis System of Secondary Circuit in Intelligent Substation Based on NI Platform

At first, this paper introduce some current tests of secondary circuit in intelligent substation, then, design a performance analysis system of secondary circuit in intelligent substation based on NI platform. This kind of system analyzes analog and digital quantity messages for getting the performance of secondary system by algorithms, so that working personnel can grasp the performance comprehensively. Meanwhile, a prototype is developed to be applied in an unused intelligent substation, and the result is satisfied.

Design of Digital Control DC Voltage Source Based on AT89C52 MCU

the system to DC voltage source as the core, AT89C52 MCU as the main controller, the output voltage to set the DC power supply through the keyboard, with a step function voltage to reality, the actual output value. This design is divided into four modules: SCM control and display module, digital to analog (D/A) conversion module, a constant voltage source module, output module. MCU control module as the core, the input signal is converted to digital quantity output; constant current source module voltage D/A conversion to analog conversion into constant pressure through a constant voltage circuit. The system has good reliability, high precision.