Digital Preservation Activities Research Articles

Preservasi Digital Warisan Budaya: Sebuah Ulasan

<p align="justify">Digital preservation plays an important role in safeguarding cultural heritage. Along with the development of the times, cultural heritage as a valuableassetcannot be separated from potential threats in the form of damage and loss. Digital preservation is an aspect of opportunity in maintaining the sustainability of cultural heritage values. Through a qualitative approach with the literature study method, this research seeks to provide an overview of aspects of digital preservation in relation to efforts to protect cultural heritage. The results of the study illustrate that digital preservation has strong relevance in terms of protecting cultural heritage values from damage and loss. The involvement of technology in digital preservation results in convenience in efforts to save cultural heritage by representing cultural material in digital formats. Digital preservation has various challenges including technological obsolescence, loss or damage to data, intellectual property rights, preservation costs, metadata and contextual information, skills and expertise, social and ethical considerations, utilization, and various other things according to the context of implementation. A digital preservation strategy that includes aspects of technological environmental conservation for future use and handling of technical limitations is an integral part of overcoming existing challenges. By implementing various strategies and actively participating in the realm of digital preservation activities, the existence of cultural heritage with its noble values can be maintained and gain long-term accessibility for the sustainability of future generations.</p>

Peran pustakawan di Perpustakaan Universitas Indonesia dalam upaya preservasi digital pada koleksi e-local content

Introduction. Digital preservation is the process of maintaining collections in digital format to ensure access, usability, and long-term durability for users. This research aims to identify the role of librarians and library staff in carrying out digital preservation activities on e-local content collections at the Universitas Indonesia Library.
 Data Collection Methods. The method used was qualitative research with a case study type. Data collection techniques were conducted through interviews, observations, and document study.
 Data Analysis. The data analysis technique used was data reduction, data presentation, data validation, and conclusion drawing.
 Results and Discussion. The role of librarian in the digital preservation of e-local content or UI-ana collections are collection preservation agents, guarantors of access to information, defenders of preservation policies, guardians of adaptation to technology, and leaders in networking between staff and managers. 
 Conclusion. The role implemented by library staff is quite good. However, software and hardware updates are needed, and special policies can be made so that digital preservation of e-local content collections can run optimally.

Global trends in digital preservation: Outsourcing versus in-house practices

Digital preservation encompasses policies, technologies, and strategies to ensure that digital objects and collections will sustain for future use. This study aimed at investigating the trends toward digital preservation in terms of in-house activities versus outsourcing by systematically reviewing the extant literature. The relevant studies were identified by accessing multiple databases and indexing and abstracting services. After retrieving the relevant literature, necessary filtering was done by following the PRISMA protocols, and thereafter the selected studies were finalized for further review. The meta-analysis of the final studies affirms a strong global preference of libraries, archives, and other cultural and memory organizations toward in-house activities for the preservation of their digital objects and collections compared to outsourcing digital preservation activities by third parties. The results of this study provide a holistic view of how digital assets are being preserved in memory institutions across the world and underpin the global management (in-house or outsourced) approaches for digital preservation.

Global perspective on digital preservation policy: A systematic review

Policy provides a roadmap for actions to be taken in any task. It plays an important role in successful implementation of any program. Similarly, the presence of policy also plays a key role in implementation of digital preservation program. The organizations having such policy hold an edge for carrying out their digital preservation activities in an organized manner. This paper provides an explicit overview regarding preparedness of libraries and other organizations across the world in terms of availability of policies for digital preservation. The paper also attempts to map the data geographically. The empirical studies were reviewed systematically, and the extracted data was synthesized for producing meaningful insight about this phenomenon. The meta-analysis affirms that libraries and other organizations seem to have realization about importance of policies for implementation of digital preservation program. Although some studies highlight the availability of digital preservation policies in a good number of organizations yet, as a whole, most of the studies point out passive organizational attitude toward the development of such policies. The data mapping affirms that the studies conducted worldwide and North American region show a satisfactory situation in terms of availability of digital preservation policies. However, the studies conducted in European countries, African region, China, and New Zealand identify a gap regarding presence of such policies.

Benchmarking digital preservation with the Digital Preservation Coalition’s Rapid Assessment Model: A case study

This paper describes how Michigan State University Libraries used the Digital Preservation Coalition’s Rapid Assessment Model (DPC RAM) to evaluate its digital preservation practices. Using the model, a small group of librarians established a baseline of digital preservation activities at the Libraries and made recommendations for incremental improvements. By keeping the working group small and consulting stakeholders as needed, the benchmarking process was completed within a short timeline and resulted in a concise report that provided a digestible and accurate picture of digital preservation initiatives at the time of the evaluation, as well as realistic goals for the next 18 months. Sharing the report with library administration led to a charge to establish working groups that would test two preservation systems and evaluate their usefulness as tools for expanding digital preservation practices at the Libraries. The format of the model ensured that evaluation and goal-setting were straightforward, even in the absence of any unit or position dedicated to digital preservation. Speaking with peers at other institutions has revealed a need for a simple tool like the DPC RAM that can be completed more quickly than other preservation evaluation frameworks, especially given the lack of administrative support for digital preservation at many institutions.

Archives and the Atlantic Pact: how the NATO Archives preserves and protects the records of an Alliance

In 2019, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) celebrated 70 years of consultation, consensus and conflict prevention. The same year also marked 20 years since NATO first opened access to its archives to the public. The establishment of the NATO Archives in 1999 was hailed by then Secretary General Javier Solana as an important signal of the Alliance’s commitment to transparency and openness. NATO declassified and publicly disclosed thousands of documents and opened a dedicated Reading Room at NATO Headquarters in Brussels. Behind the scenes, the establishment of the NATO Archives and of the Archives Committee also changed the way in which NATO managed its historical records. Up to this point, there was no NATO-wide policy on archives, no organizational archives and no consistency in any of the traditional archival functions. Starting in 1999, NATO could boast a professional archives programme, implemented by trained archivists and governed by a committee of national experts. The programme can claim a string of successes over the last 20 years, implementing archival strategy in novel and unique ways to respond to NATO’s organizational structure. While the Archives are part of NATO’s political headquarters, NATO itself is composed of multiple formal entities under the overall direction of the North Atlantic Council and the Military Committee, including military commands, civilian agencies, military operations etc. Before 1999, each managed their archival material locally, according to internal procedures. This article outlines the Archives’ strategic policies and its governance, involving national experts of all its 30 member nations; presents its increasingly larger and more robust acquisition programme based on a strong and actively managed retention and disposition strategy; assesses its digital preservation activities; and provides an update on NATO’s declassification and public disclosure programme.

Preservation of Information Resources in Selected Rural (Public) Libraries in Southern Nigeria: State-of-the-Art

Rural libraries serve the specific information need(s) of communities where they are domiciled. They are vital to the knowledge society, fundamental to the information access and distribution framework at the community level. Today, rural areas are almost void of crucial contemporary information-based technological infrastructure. Preservation of information resources is crucial to its sustainable utilization either for individualist or communal development. This study presents the status quo on preservation of information resources in public libraries in rural communities in southern Nigeria. The survey design was adopted; random sampling was used to draw 98 respondents, questionnaire was constructed to elicit responses with 91% returned rate. Results showed that information resources are in poor state of preservation due to deposition of particulate matter, dilapidation of library building, and mutilation. Dusting/cleaning of shelves/books and the engagement of humans to secure information resources were the most frequently used to preserve the information resources. Rural libraries lacked CCTV and no RFID installed to prevent theft. There are almost no visible digital preservation activities in place. The constraints to preservation include the obsolete nature of information resources, delay in government’s response to plea on preservation requirements, no air conditioning, poor electricity and underfunding. Staff training on preservation, workable preservation policy, increase budgetary allocation, and community awareness of use of information resources may enhance preservation efforts. Rural libraries are merely fast fading store houses of information resources with its purpose almost been defeated. There is need for urgent attention from the public and concerned agencies. Useful recommendations were put forward accordingly.

Orientaciones preliminares para la preservación digital del patrimonio documental arquitectónico de Tampico

En este artículo se abordan las consideraciones para preparar un punto de partida preliminar en la planificación de actividades de preservación digital de una colección documental física, referente al patrimonio arquitectónico moderno alojada en el Archivo Histórico de Tampico (AHT) “Carlos González Salas”, de Tamaulipas, México. Se estudia desde la perspectiva de caso si la demanda de una comunidad designada y la observación de los aspectos nucleares que intervienen en las actividades de preservación digital –infraestructura organizacional, infraestructura tecnológica y recursos requeridos– contribuyen útilmente con información orientativa preliminar para la planificación de políticas, estrategias y acciones de preservación digital de colecciones documentales de interés en una comunidad específica. Se discuten consideraciones mínimas y prioritarias de preservación digital de acuerdo con la disposición de colecciones, recursos humanos, infraestructura tecnológica y organización institucional disponible en el AHT para situar qué actividades preliminares de tipo ejecutivo, operativo y técnico están a su alcance de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de buenas prácticas a nivel nacional e internacional en materia de preservación digital a largo plazo.

Copyright and Preservation of Born-digital Materials: Persistent Challenges and Selected Strategies

ABSTRACT This article surveys and analyzes archival literature and legal resources (primarily United States–focused) related to copyright considerations that archivists and other content managers must be aware of to effectively and legally maintain a collection of born-digital materials. These considerations include the centrality of copying to preservation actions, shifting definitions of ownership, unclear distinctions between published and unpublished content, digital rights management laws and technologies, and the layered copyrights that can exist in complex digital objects and their dependencies. Strategies for dealing with these challenges include securing rights ahead of time, adopting legal rationales related to orphan works and fair use, adapting practices from specialized digital preservation subfields, ensuring routine procedures adequately address copyright-related recordkeeping and risk management, and advocating for preservation-enabling copyright reforms. An examination of these issues and strategies in the context of current thinking about copyright suggests that while certain legal exceptions and existing rights frameworks can help to facilitate digital preservation activities, copyright will continue to be a barrier until significant reforms are enacted.

Galleries, libraries, archives and museums (glams) and digital preservation activities

Galleries, libraries, archives and museums (glams) and digital preservation activities

The story so far-digital preservation in institutional repositories

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the standards, strategies, support and challenges of digital preservation in institutional repositories in academic libraries in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe research was qualitative. Data used for analysis were drawn from interviews with respondents selected purposively from eight Ghanaian academic libraries.FindingsA key finding of the study was that although the academic libraries had operational directions for digital preservation activities in the institutional repositories, available standards and practices for ensuring long-term preservation seem to be unsuitable.Research limitations/implicationsRecommendations based on findings included development of comprehensive digital preservation policies to provide mandate and direction to preservation of the libraries digital collections, development of disaster plans, adequate funding, staff development and support from management.Originality/valueThe study has demonstrated the need for academic libraries in Ghana to have and develop good digital preservation standards for sustaining the institutional repositories to help in realizing its benefits.

Digital preservation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which digital preservation facilitate the implementation of electronic government, open data and the right to information.Design/methodology/approachA case study research which chronicles the link between transparency and data availability. It makes use of a theoretical framework based on the open archival information system to analyse, explain, clarify and justify the application of open data, electronic government and the right to information.FindingsThe paper argued that e-government, open data and the RTI will remain elusive if a digital preservation infrastructure is not pursued. Within the context of e-government, the paper adumbrated that government agencies can incorporate e-government legislations into their digital preservation activities, precisely because the relationship between digital preservation and e-government have always been symbiotic. It alluded to the fact that an obligation will be placed on all public authorities and private agencies covered by the RTL law to create, keep and organise an effective and efficient system of record keeping, so as to give meaning to the right to information when citizens apply for information.Practical implicationsFuture research should examine closely the implication of open data government within the context of digital preservation. Whilst digital preservation looks forward to the longevity of digital records and its accessibility, open data focusses on the utility of these records through online services, reuse and distribution for the purposes of transparency and citizens’ participation.Originality/valueThe application of digital preservation to open data in this paper appears to be more relevant at a time when most governments of the world are striving to obtain data to fight poverty, achieve universal primary education, fight HIV and foster maternal health. Its originality can further be established from the symbiotic relationship between digital preservation and electronic government, open data and the right to information.

Modeling the Value of Digital Preservation Activities

Digital Preservation has emerged as a key challenge for information systems in many domains and is often seen as a case of interoperability through time. However, the complexity and change rate of common environments and information representations today have the effect that this interoperability is rarely achieved. In order to successfully address this issue we must look at the organizational challenges that Digital Preservation poses to organizations such as identifying and modeling all the value transactions that happen in certain organizational scenarios regarding the ingestion, archival and dissemination or reuse of digital objects, environments and libraries. It is only within a well-defined framework that deployment of any Digital Preservation techniques will successfully yield value to the organization in the form of continually useful and accessible information. In this paper we define the value model for the Digital Preservation business based on best practice from this domain, namely the ISO14721 and best practice from the Enterprise Engineering and Value Modelling domains, which include DEMO and e3value.

The long decade of digital preservation in heritage institutions in the Czech Republic: 2002–2014

This paper aims to give state-of-the-art information about digital preservation activities in the Czech Republic during the last decade to an English-speaking audience. We briefly describe major phases of the “digital” projects. These were mainly in libraries, with some references to museums, galleries and archives. We focus on aspects related to the preservation of collected born-digital and digitised content. Even now, digital preservation activities in heritage institutions are often on the periphery of the interest of all stakeholders and the infrastructure supporting digital preservation of data in heritage institutions is not well financed or coordinated. Even though the “long decade”, which lasted from the dramatic events of 2002 until approximately 2014, saw a number of successful projects creating digital data in Czech libraries, the handful of projects which were in part focused on digital preservation were not flexible enough to accommodate user requirements and were failing to meet expectations. There is still much room for further development in the area of long-term preservation of digital data in the Czech Republic. This article is a shortened version of one of the analyses written under the “Strategy of the research, development and innovation for the years 2010–2015” program of the Moravian Library in Brno, Czech Republic.

Digital Preservation and Permanent Access to Print Media Resources at the TAKC, India: A Case Study.

Digital preservation and digital archiving of print media resources in a newspaper organization is a challenging task as well as a rewarding opportunity. This paper makes an attempt to present the case study of the various digital preservation initiatives taken up and implemented by the Times Archives and Knowledge Centre (TAKC) of The Times of India Group. Apart from briefly profiling the TAKC and the features of its archival collection, this study lucidly presents the details of its various digital preservation activities, by highlighting the print media resources digitized; features of the digital archival contents; digital archiving processes; access facilities; usage of digital archives; challenges in digital archiving; opportunities and benefits of digitization, etc. Further, this paper, based on the successful digitization experiences at the TAKC, highlights a number of best practices, which could be useful for similar kind of digitization projects in any newspaper archives and libraries.

Digital preservation policy in National Information Centres in Nigeria

PurposeThe study aims to examine availability, coverage of digital preservation policy and the structures put in place by National Information Centres in Nigeria to preserve digital information.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research methodology using a case study approach was adopted. Documentary sources, a semi‐structured questionnaire for the focus group, and interviews were the instruments used to collect data. While a homogeneous sampling of five staff in the digitisation/digital preservation unit was adopted for the focus group interview, only one top management staff member from the rank of Assistant Director of each of the selected three National Information Centres was interviewed.FindingsThe National Bureau of Statistics and the National Library of Nigeria have digital preservation policies. However, the area of coverage of the available policies is not adequate enough to ensure the long‐term preservation of digital information. Similarly, the study revealed that the lack of institutional support from the National Information Centres studied is one of the challenges in the implementation of the digital preservation policy.Practical implicationsFor any National Information Centre to ensure the accessibility and reuse of its digital information, it must have a digital preservation policy, without which the active management of digital information will be very challenging and can result in the loss of vital digital information of significant importance.Originality/valueThere is currently no research work addressing issues on digital preservation policy with a particular focus on Nigeria. This paper therefore highlights shortcomings of the available digital preservation policy and proposes a national digital preservation policy that will chart a road map for effective digital preservation activities in any National Information Centre.

The NDSA Levels of Digital Preservation: Explanation and Uses

The “Levels of Digital Preservation” being refined now by the National Digital Stewardship Alliance (NDSA), is a tiered set of recommendations on how organizations should begin to build or enhance their digital preservation activities. A work in progress, it is intended to be a relatively easy-to-use set of guidelines useful not only for those just beginning to think about preserving their digital assets, but also for institutions planning the next steps in enhancing their existing digital preservation systems and workflows. It allows institutions to assess the level of preservation achieved for specific materials in their custody. It is not designed to assess the robustness of digital preservation programs as a whole since it does not cover such things as policies, staffing, or organizational support. The guidelines are organized into five functional areas that are at the heart of digital preservation systems: storage and geographic location, file fixity and data integrity, information security, metadata, and file formats.This paper presents the Levels, explains the context of the project's development within the NDSA, describes the rationale behind each of the guidelines and why they were prioritized the way they were, suggests how the guidelines may be used, and compares and contrasts the Levels to other ways of assessing stages of digital preservation. Other assessment models include Nancy McGovern and Anne Kenney's “The Five Organizational Stages of Digital Preservation,” Charles Dollar and Lori Ashley's “Digital Preservation Capability Maturity Model,” and OCLC Research's 2012 report, “You've Got to Walk Before You Can Run: First Steps for Managing Born-Digital Content Received on Physical Media.” Finally, the paper requests feedback on the work in progress and outlines planned future work.

Digital preservation strategies

This study examines digital preservation strategies in national information centres in Nigeria. Specifically the study tried to find out the digital preservation strategies and structures put in place for the implementation of the strategies adopted. The population of the study consists of the National Library of Nigeria, the National Archives of Nigeria and the National Bureau of Statistics. A case study and qualitative methodology approaches were adopted for the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed and administered to a focused group of five staff of the digital preservation/digitization unit of the population. The study discovered, among others, that migration is the most popular digital preservation strategy adopted and no structure to assess digital objects for preservation action is put in place. The study recommended that a National Centre for Digital Preservation, responsible for monitoring and conducting research in digital preservation activities, should be established.

Trusting Digital Preservation for Print Collection Management, Or How Librarians Should Learn to Stop Worrying and Love the "E"

This article advocates planning for the management of print collections in light of digital preservation activities. Three activities include deduplicating print holdings from archival online journal packages participating in shared journal retention agreements and participating in at least one digital preservation initiative.

Building an Open Source Institutional Repository at a Small Law School Library: Is it Realistic or Unattainable?

Digital preservation activities among law libraries have largely been limited by a lack of funding, staffing and expertise. Most law school libraries that have already implemented an Institutional Repository (IR) chose proprietary platforms because they are easy to set up, customize, and maintain with the technical and development support they provide. The Texas Tech University School of Law Digital Repository is one of the few law school repositories in the nation that is built on the DSpace open source platform.1 The repository is the law school’s first institutional repository in history. It was designed to collect, preserve, share and promote the law school’s digital materials, including research and scholarship of the law faculty and students, institutional history, and law-related resources. In addition, the repository also serves as a dark archive to house internal records.