Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging Research Articles

Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging Assistance for Laryngectomy and Neck Dissection Flap Monitoring in Elderly Patients

Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging Assistance for Laryngectomy and Neck Dissection Flap Monitoring in Elderly Patients

A Case Study of Buerger’s Disease of Soeumin with Lower Extremity Coldness

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of Korean medicine treatments on Buerger’s disease.Methods: From December 27, 2022, to January 16, 2023, we treated Soeumin patients with Buerger’s disease admitted to a hospital specializing in Korean medicine. The patient’s symptoms included feelings of coldness in the lower extremities, feelings of dullness, and stabbing pain. For treatment, Korean medicine treatments, such as acupuncture, moxibustion, and herbal medications (<i>Sogyeonghwalhyeol-tang</i> granules and <i>Gwangyebujaijung-tang-gami</i>) were administered. The patient’s improvement was evaluated using the numerical rating scale (NRS) every day. Lower extremity and foot temperatures were evaluated using digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI).Results: Through the treatment regimen, the patient’s NRS scores decreased, and lower extremity and foot temperatures increased.Conclusions: Korean medicine treatments for cold lower extremities, feelings of dullness, and stabbing pain caused by Buerger’s disease are potentially effective.

Digital infrared thermal imaging system based breast cancer diagnosis using 4D U-Net segmentation

Medical Research field has been taken continuous efforts to develop an efficient method for detecting breast cancer, but the goal has still not yet achieved. To overcome this issue, a 4D U-Net segmentation using digital infrared (IR) thermal imaging system is proposed in this manuscript for the diagnosis of breast cancer (DBC-4D U-Net-DITI). Initially, the digital infrared thermal images are taken from DMR-IR data set as input, and the imageries are pre-processed to maintain local features and compress the dynamic range of image based upon Altered Phase Preserving Dynamic Range Compression (APPDRC) approach by removing the speckle noise. Then, the image segmentation is carried out with the help of 4D U-Net for obtaining the segmented digital infrared thermal image. The 4D U-Net weight parameters are optimized with Glowworm Swarm Optimization Algorithm (GSOA). The segmented regions of digital infrared thermal images are fed to Binarized Spiking Neural Network (BSNN) for classifying the pathology stage as No spread, Early Stage, Localized, Regional and Distant. The proposed approach is executed in MATLAB. The performance of proposed approach attains better accuracy of 39.01%, 28.34%, and 37.45%, better precision of 17.12%, 24.12% and 32.07% when compared to existing approaches like chaotic salp swarm algorithm (CSSA) based segmentation of thermal images for breast cancer identification (DBC-CSSA-DITI), marine-predators-algorithm based segmentation of thermal images for the diagnosis of breast cancer (DBC-MPA-DITI) and diagnosis of breast cancer based upon CNN using thermal imageries (DBC-CNN-DITI) respectively.

Diagnosis and Monitoring of Revascularization of Traumatic Circulation Defect in Patient with Multiple Lacerations Using Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging

We report the case of a 53-year-old woman with peripheral blood circulation and skin defect who experienced multiple lacerations on the right hand. A series of digital infrared thermal imaging(DITI) studies may be useful to make proper treatment plan and prevent unnecessary amputation. We also present a review of other studies on DITI as practical diagnostic tool.

Thermal Characteristics of Different Types of Cochlear Implants in Pediatric Cochlear Implant Users: AComparative Digital-Infrared Thermal Imaging Analysis.

Background:This study aimed to evaluate thermal characteristics of different types of pediatric cochlear implantsMethods:A total of 39 pediatric patients using Med-El (Synchrony®), Cochlear (Nucleus®), or Advanced Bionics (HiRes 90K®) type of cochlear implants were included. A digital infrared thermal imaging analysis was performed to measure the heating over the implant and the tissue heating of the skin below and around the device, while skin thickness and visual analog scale scores were also recorded.Results:Over the implant, heating values were significantly higher in the on-mode vs. off-mode of device for each type of implant (P ranged from <.05 to <.001). The implants groups were similar in terms of skin thickness, visual analog scale scores, on-mode values for heating over the implant, and the heating of the skin (below or around the device; <36°C for each), while the off-mode values for heating over the implant were significantly higher in the Med-El (Synchrony®) implants compared to other implants (median 31.75 vs. 31.30 and 30.20°C, P = .001). Skin thickness was negatively correlated with the heating over the implant (off-mode, r = −0.708, P < .001) and heating of the skin (around the device, r = −0.479, P = .028) in Advanced Bionics (HiRes 90K®) implants.Conclusion:Our findings emphasize that there is no hazard or discomfort from a cochlear implant in terms of heating of skin and no significant difference between 3 implant types in terms of skin thickness or tissue heating, whereas indicate the increased likelihood of thermal characteristics of implant to differ with respect to skin thickness in Advanced Bionics (HiRes 90K®) users.

Breast Thermograms Asymmetry Analysis using Gabor filters

Women are far more likely than males to acquire breast cancer, and current research indicates that this is entirely avoidable. It is also to blame for higher death rates among younger women compared to older women in nearly all developing nations. Medical imaging modalities are continuously in need of development. A variety of medical techniques have been employed to detect breast cancer in women. The most recent studies support mammography for breast cancer screening, although its sensitivity and specificity remain suboptimal, particularly in individuals with thick breast tissue, such as young women. As a result, alternative modalities, such as thermography, are required. Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI), as it is known, detects and records temperature changes on the skin’s surface. Thermography is well-known for its non-invasive, painless, cost-effective, and high recovery rates, as well as its potential to identify breast cancer at an early stage. Gabor filters are used to extract the textural characteristics of the left and right breasts. Using a support vector machine, the thermograms are then classified as normal or malignant based on textural asymmetry between the breasts (SVM). The accuracy achieved by combining Gabor features with an SVM classifier is around 84.5 percent. The early diagnosis of cancer with thermography enhances the patient’s chances of survival significantly since it may detect the disease in its early stages.

Thermal imaging of the fetus: An empirical feasibility study.

Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) has much potential in the field of maternal-fetal health and wellbeing research. The fact that it is totally non-invasive is particularly important in this context. The purpose of this study was, for the first time, to assess DITI’s ability to record fetal presentation and position, and other pregnancy-related physiological factors, via their superficial thermal prints. Ten healthy pregnant women (approximately 34–37 weeks of gestation) were recorded with two thermal imaging cameras (Flir C3 and i3 TE-Q1) from five different viewpoints. Participants’ views about the use of DITI in research and clinical practice were also assessed by a completion of a survey. Free hand polygon region of interests (ROIs) were drawn in order to include the entire anatomical area for investigation. The use of free hand polygon ROIs showed high reliability. Thermal images analysis revealed that fetuses presenting cephalically can be identified by the use of DITI, under specific conditions. Fetal movements influenced the thermal patterns that were produced. Future studies need to verify the heat patterns on the skin related to the placenta location, in order to understand the produced thermal recordings. Pregnant women rated the idea of using DITI in research and clinical practice very highly. This work represents a first contribution towards the use of DITI for the recording of fetal presentation and position. As it does not require direct contact and since it is completely non-invasive, it could be used to record maternal-fetal dynamic dyadic interaction in pregnancy. However, although the preliminary results are promising, further trans-disciplinary studies with a well-established protocol, more sophisticated thermal cameras, and bigger cohorts are needed.

Effect of Neurodynamics on Pain and Paresthesia in Post-operated Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation

Purpose: Some patients who have undergone surgery due to lumbar disc herniation still complain of leg pain and other abnormal sensa tions. Therefore, the study examined the effects of the neurodynamics on pain and other abnormal nerve sensations in post-operated patients with lumbar disc herniation. Methods: The participants of this study comprised 20 adults (10 males and 10 females) who were diagnosed with lumbar disc hernia tion. The subjects were classified into two groups of 10 patients each in the lower extremity neurodynamics (LEN) and lumbar stabiliza tion exercise (LSE) groups. Each intervention was applied twice a day for one week and was composed of two different exercise patterns; one was applied by a therapist, and the other was performed by the patients themselves. The data were analyzed using assessment methods of Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI), Toronto clinical neuropathy scoring system (TCNSS), Sympathetic Skin Response (SSR) test, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scale. Results: Significant differences in TCNSS, DITI, ODI scale were observed between the LEN and LSE group (p 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that neurodynamics treatment is effective in pain reduction and abnormal sensations, such as leg muscle cramps, in post-operated patients with lumbar disc herniation.

İdiyopatik Granülomatöz Mastitli Hastalarda Dijital Kizilötesi Termal Görüntüleme (Diti) İle Sistemik Steroid Yanitinin Değerlendirilmesi

İdiyopatik Granülomatöz Mastitli Hastalarda Dijital Kizilötesi Termal Görüntüleme (Diti) İle Sistemik Steroid Yanitinin Değerlendirilmesi

Role of digital infrared thermal imaging in diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Acute appendicitis (AA) is one of the most common diseases requiring emergency surgery. Today, diagnosis of AA is made through anamnesis, physical examination along with advanced imaging methods. Thermal imaging confers advantages over conventional techniques for being portable, non-invasive, easily conducted, ionization radiation-free, and inexpensive. Digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) has been the subject of research in various clinical scenarios. In this prospective randomized controlled study, diagnostic potential of DITI in AA was investigated. Totally, 224 volunteers (112 healthy volunteers and 112 patient volunteers) were enrolled and divided into two groups; control group and patient group. All subjects were assessed by DITI. Steady-state images of both lower quadrants and sternum were taken. Thermal images were transferred to computer software and analyzed. Potential of thermal imaging as a diagnostic method was evaluated. Regarding temperature differences between the quadrants, statistical analysis delivered significant difference between the both groups (p<0.001). As a result of the analysis, the cutoff value for the diagnosis of AA was found to be 0.4°C difference between the average lower quadrant temperatures. This study has enlarged the application of DITI to abdominal pain, especially within context of AA. Thermal evaluation of patients with abdominal pain seems promising.

Treatment of Buerger’s disease (Thromboangiitis obliterans) with autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell: Report of three cases

Buerger’s disease or Thromboangiitis obliterans is an orphan vascular disease that most commonly affects nerves, small or medium-sized vessels in the upper and lower extremities, and is characterized by a non-atherosclerotic, segmental, inflammatory disorder. The etiology and the pathogenesis of the disease have not been fully elucidated. Although various interventions have been adopted recently, there is still no effective treatment for the prevention of the progression of the disease. This report presents three clinical cases that show the efficacies of autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell (AdMSC) treatment in Buerger’s disease. Three male patients diagnosed with Buerger’s disease were between 46 and 55 years and had a smoking history. AdMSCs (5X106 cells/kg body weight) were injected intramuscularly into at least 38 points of the ischemic legion of the lower limb at one time. The patients were checked for safety and efficacy at one, three, and six months after AdMSC injection. No severe adverse events and no adverse drug events were observed in physical examination, vital signs, and laboratory tests for all three patients. Ulcers in the affected legs of the patients were healed completely after the treatment. Visual Analogue Scale scores and all the criteria (activities, emotional, pain, social, symptoms and total) of the King's College Hospital's Vascular Quality of Life Questionnaire (VascuQOL) of all the patients were improved from baseline to six months follow-up. Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging showed the gradual alleviation of lesions in the leg. Angiogenesis in the affected limbs was identified by CT-Angiography after AdMSC injection. The present cases show the improvement in patients with Buerger’s disease with the observation of angiogenesis after intramuscular injection of autologous AdMSCs. This suggests that autologous AdMSC can be an effective alternative treatment for Buerger’s disease.

Changes in facial temperature measured by digital infrared thermal imaging in patients after transnasal sphenopalatine ganglion block: Retrospective observational study.

Sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB) is a technique developed in the 1990s for the management of head and neck pain patients. Recently, transnasal sphenopalatine ganglion block (TN-SPGB) has been widely used for these patients; however, no objective methods exist for validating the success of TN-SPGB. In this study, we measured the changes in facial temperature before and 30 minutes after TN-SPGB by using digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) to validate its success.The medical records of patients, who underwent TN-SPGB and facial DITI between January 2016 and December 2017, were reviewed. TN-SPGB and facial DITI were performed 36 times in 32 patients. The changes in facial temperatures measured at the forehead (V1), maxillary area (V2), and mandibular area (V3) by using DITI before and 30 minutes after TN-SPGB were recorded and compared. The temperatures on the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of these areas were also compared. The comparison between pain relief group and pain maintenance group was analyzed.After TN-SPGB, the temperature decreased significantly on both sides of V1 (P = .0208, 0.0181). No significant differences were observed between the ipsilateral and contralateral sides (P > .05). There was no correlation between changes in temperature and changes in pain score in the pain regions after the procedure (P > .05).The temperature decreased significantly in V1 area at 30 minutes after TN-SPGB compared with the temperature before TN-SPGB. Based on these results, we propose using DITI to measure temperature changes as an objective method for verifying the success of TN-SPGB.

Use of Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging in the Electromyography Clinic: A Case Series.

Introduction: Foot drop often results from denervation of the dorsiflexor muscles in the leg. Neurological evaluation begins with lower extremity motor testing followed by electromyography needle electrode examination (EMG-NEE). We explored digital infrared thermography (IRT) as a complementary tool in diagnosing peripheral nerve disorders.Methods: Using a digital IRT camera, we recorded differences in skin surface temperatures from affected and unaffected limbs in three patients with unilateral foot drop. Denervation in the affected limb was confirmed with EMG-NEE.Results: IRT imaging revealed lower relative skin surface temperatures in regions of the leg corresponding to denervated dorsiflexor muscles for all three consecutive patients who presented to the EMG Clinic with foot drop. Conclusions: Denervation appears to cause a decrease in thermal energy output from affected muscle groups. Alongside the EMG and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), IRT may have an important role in assessing the severity and prognosis of a nerve injury. This observation may have implications for chronic pain syndromes, such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), in which thermal change is a diagnostic criterion.

Classification of breast cancer based on thermal image using support vector machine

Advancement in computer aided diagnosis system enhances the detection competency of domain expert and reduces the time in decision making. The objective of this paper is to present the effectiveness of digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) in the diagnosis and analysis of breast cancer and to develop an efficient method for generating nonlinear heat conduction. The proposed technique is based on the following computational methods; grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) for feature extraction and support vector machine (SVM) to classify the input as cancerous or non-cancerous. Nonlinear heat conduction depends on temperature of skin surface above the tumour, and the temperature is used to investigate whether the tumour is malignant or benign. The experiments carried out on 83 images consist of 34 normal and 49 abnormal (malignant and benign tumour) from a real human breast thermal image. The classification accuracy shows 97.6 % which was significantly good.

Characteristics of Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging and Quantitative Evaluations for Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: a Cross Sectional Study

Characteristics of Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging and Quantitative Evaluations for Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: a Cross Sectional Study

The Effect of Thermography on Breast Cancer Detection-A Survey

Image processing technique in general, involves the application of signal processing on the input image for isolating the individual color plane of an image. Cancer has generally an abnormal cell that grows and invade healthy cells in the body. Breast cancer occurs when malignant tumors develop in the breast. Early detection of the breast cancer can effective in increasing the rate of survival. There are several Medical image techniques which has been used for detecting breast cancer. survey explored the needs for the thermography over other screening tools. Thermography de-tects and records temperature changes on the surface of the skin which is known as Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI). Thermography is known for its features like non-invasive, painless, cost effective and high chances of recovery, which has got ability to detect the breast cancer at near begin-ning. There is no such tool which provides accurate predictability unless biopsy. But the combination of tools with thermography may boost the sensitivity and specificity when compared with other mechanisms. How to Cite this Article Pubmed Style Pavithra P, Ravichandran K, Sekar K, Manikandan R. Effect of Thermography on Breast Cancer Detection. SRP. 2018; 9(1): 10-16. doi:10.5530/srp.2018.1.3 Web Style Pavithra P, Ravichandran K, Sekar K, Manikandan R. Effect of Thermography on Breast Cancer Detection. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=302644541 [Access: March 28, 2021]. doi:10.5530/srp.2018.1.3 AMA (American Medical Association) Style Pavithra P, Ravichandran K, Sekar K, Manikandan R. Effect of Thermography on Breast Cancer Detection. SRP. 2018; 9(1): 10-16. doi:10.5530/srp.2018.1.3 Vancouver/ICMJE Style Pavithra P, Ravichandran K, Sekar K, Manikandan R. Effect of Thermography on Breast Cancer Detection. SRP. (2018), [cited March 28, 2021]; 9(1): 10-16. doi:10.5530/srp.2018.1.3 Harvard Style Pavithra, P., Ravichandran, . K., Sekar, . K. & Manikandan, . R. (2018) Effect of Thermography on Breast Cancer Detection. SRP, 9 (1), 10-16. doi:10.5530/srp.2018.1.3 Turabian Style Pavithra, PR, KS Ravichandran, KR Sekar, and R Manikandan. 2018. Effect of Thermography on Breast Cancer Reviews in Pharmacy, 9 (1), 10-16. doi:10.5530/srp.2018.1.3 Chicago Style Pavithra, PR, KS Ravichandran, KR Sekar, and R Manikandan. The Effect of Thermography on Breast Cancer Detection. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 9 (2018), 10-16. doi:10.5530/srp.2018.1.3 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style Pavithra, PR, KS Ravichandran, KR Sekar, and R Manikandan. The Effect of Thermography on Breast Cancer Detection. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 9.1 (2018), 10-16. Print. doi:10.5530/srp.2018.1.3 APA (American Psychological Association) Style Pavithra, P., Ravichandran, . K., Sekar, . K. & Manikandan, . R. (2018) Effect of Thermography on Breast Cancer Reviews in Pharmacy, 9 (1), 10-16. doi:10.5530/srp.2018.1.3

Role of digital infrared thermal imaging in the diagnosis of breast mass: A pilot study: Diagnosis of breast mass by thermography

BackgroundThis paper summarizes the role of Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) in the diagnosis of breast mass. MethodsOf total, 54 patients with palpable breast mass were enrolled in the study. Using DITI, minimum, average and maximum temperature values of each lesion site and its counterpart were measured, differences were used as a measure of symmetry. 0.5 °C was selected as a reference cut-off. Subsequent to thermal imaging, all patients underwent US examination. Mammographic examination was performed upon clinician request. All lesions were core-biopsied. Results of thermal imaging according to the above-mentioned criteria was compared with histopathological results. ResultsPathological evaluation revealed 21 invasive ductal carcinoma, 18 fibroadenoma, 9 cyst and 6 granulomatous mastitis. When mean temperature values were evaluated, fibroadenomas differed from malignant lesions significantly, whereas there was not statistically significant difference between granulomatous mastitis and invasive ductal carcinoma. Cysts were significantly different from malignant lesions only in terms of maximum temperature. It was shown that DITI can differentiate benign lesions from malignant with sensitivity up to 95.24% and specificity up to 72.73%. Conclusion(s)This pilot study has shown that DITI can play a role in differentiating fibroadenoma and cyst from invasive ductal carcinoma in patients with palpable breast-mass. Since fibroadenomas are mostly seen in younger women, emergence of thermal symmetry analysis as an adjunct method in symptomatic patients with dense breasts seems most promising and important.

Effects of Beraprost Sodium Evaluated by Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging in Diabetic Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease

Effects of Beraprost Sodium Evaluated by Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging in Diabetic Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease

Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging of Crape Myrtle Leaves Infested with Sooty Mold.

The spatial patterns for temperature distribution on crape myrtle leaves infested with sooty mold were investigated using a digital infrared thermal imaging camera. The mean temperatures of the control and sooty regions were 26.98°C and 28.44°C, respectively. In the thermal images, the sooty regions appeared as distinct spots, indicating that the temperatures in these areas were higher than those in the control regions on the same leaves. This suggests that the sooty regions became warmer than their control regions on the adaxial leaf surface. Neither epidermal penetration nor cell wall dissolution by the fungus was observed on the adaxial leaf surface. It is likely that the high temperature of black leaves have an increased cooling load. To our knowledge, this is the first report on elevated temperatures in sooty regions, and the results show spatial heterogeneity in temperature distribution across the leaf surface.

만성복통 및 변비를 호소하는 소양인 파킨슨병 환자의 치험1례

Objectives The purpose of this case was to report significant improvement of abdominal pain, constipation and a slight improvement of tremor after treatment by Sasang Constitutional Medicine to the patient with Parkinson's disease.Methods The patient was diagnosed as Soyangin according to the result of Sasang constitutional diagnosis, and treated by Sasang constitutional medications and acupuncture. The progress was evaluated with the Global Assessment Scale (GAS).Results The abdominal pain was reduced from Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)9 to NRS1 and headache was reduced from NRS5 to NRS3. The tremor was reduced to GAS 10. Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) was reduced from 40 to 27. The difference of heat distribution between left and right side was reduced and the abdomen was more warmer on Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI).Conclusions Sasang constitutional medicine can be a solution for the non motor symptoms caused by Parkinson's disease.