Digital Eye Strain Research Articles

Interventions to prevent visual fatigue during robotic surgery.

The robotic surgeon is at risk of visual fatigue from prolonged viewing of the video display resulting in digital eye strain and use of the three-dimensional binoculars resulting in accommodative stress. Symptoms of digital eye strain include blurred vision, dry eyes, eyestrain, neck and back ache, diplopia, light sensitivity, and headaches. Vergence or accommodation-related symptoms include blurred near or distance vision, difficulty refocusing, and diplopia. Beneficial ergonomic interventions to manage digital eye strain during robotic surgery include appropriate lighting, improved neck positioning, optimal screen positioning, improved image parameters, screen breaks, optimising environmental factors, and eye exercises. Correction of refractive error, use of lubricating eye drops, and blink efficiency training to induce motor memory have been shown to be effective in reducing visual fatigue. Vergence-accommodation mismatch can be reduced with slower movement of the camera, screen breaks, and correction of refractive error. Robotic surgeons should adopt these simple and non-invasive interventions to minimise visual fatigue.

Profile of digital eye strain in teachers of different professions.

Profile of digital eye strain in teachers of different professions.

When noise becomes signal: a study of blink rate using an eye tracker

PurposeAlthough blink rate is considered important for digital eye strain and dry eye conditions, its assessment has been mostly manual. This study aimed at quantifying blink rate automatically using the Eyelink 1000 Plus eye tracker and comparing it with manual counting. Additionally, blink rate was correlated with reading eye movements and reading speed. MethodsThirty participants (mean age 26.8±3.5 years; 19 females) were enrolled. An on-screen reading task for 3 minutes duration, was repeated 3 times with a 2-minute break between the repetitions. During this task, eye movements and blinks were measured through the Eyelink 1000 Plus eye tracker. The blink was also counted manually by the examiner in real time from a video feed. ResultsThe blink rate obtained by the eye tracker (median [Q1, Q3]:11.7 [6.8,15.5] blinks/min) and manual counting (11.6 [7.1, 15.4] blinks/min) were comparable (p>0.5). No significant correlations were observed between the blink rate and any of the reading eye movement parameters except saccadic amplitude (Spearman's rho, rs =0.506). No statistically significant correlation was found between the blink rate and reading speed. ConclusionThe Eyelink 1000 Plus eye tracker gives a comparable blink rate compared to that obtained through manual counting. A positive correlation between the blink rate and saccade amplitude could indicate a coupled interaction between the two mechanisms to minimize visual loss during reading. The option of using this tracker to investigate blinks in dry eye and binocular vision disorders can be further explored.

Impact of increased screen-time on ocular health of professional college students during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

Background: Digital Eye Strain (DES) or Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is a group of eye and vision related problems that result from prolonged use of digital devices. The usage of digital devices has gone up across the globe, since the declaration of the lockdown due to COVID-19. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of digital eye strain (DES) due to increased screen time and to determine the factors associated with it, among undergraduate medical students during COVID-19. Methods: The study analyzed over 280 responses from undergraduate medical students having exposure to digital devices daily for a period more than 6 months during COVID 19 pandemic. A pre-validated questionnaire Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q) which contains 16 symptoms associated with Digital Eye Strain (DES) was used to calculate the DES score. The frequency and intensity of these symptoms adds up to give a total score. A score ≥6 indicated the presence of DES. Data analysis was done using MS Excel and SPSS software. Results: Digital eye strain was found to be prevalent among 61% of the total respondents. It was seen that daily digital device usage increased to above 5 hours after commencement of pandemic (p=0·001). Headache was the most common symptom (83.92). DES has a female gender predominance (p=0.024). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of digital eye strain among undergraduate medical students during pandemic. Awareness should be created among students about impact of DES on ocular health. Measures to reduce DES are recommended.

Viewing distance, font size and symptoms of eyestrain in non-presbyopic and presbyopic smartphone users.

Smartphones are the most frequently used digital devices globally with ~6.80 billion users. Despite the ubiquitous use of smartphones, limited information is known on the preferred viewing distance and font size of smartphone users. This study investigated viewing distance, font sizeand symptoms of eyestrain in non-presbyopic and presbyopic smartphone users. In this quantitative research study, viewing distance and font size were measured in a group of non-presbyopes (n = 107) and presbyopes (n = 53), whilst participants viewed a text message and a web page on their own smartphone. Subjects also responded to a verbal questionnaire related to the characteristics of their smartphone and the computer vision syndrome questionnaire to assess symptoms of eyestrain. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. For the total sample, the mean viewing distance for a text message was 37.13 ± 8.82 cm (median 36.00 cm), and for a web page was 36.11 ± 7.98 cm (median 36.00 cm). Presbyopes had longer median viewing distances compared with non-presbyopes for a text message (41 cm vs. 34 cm, p < 0.001) and web page (40 cm vs. 34 cm, p < 0.001). The font size for non-presbyopes were <1.0 M whilst for presbyopes were >1.2 M. More than twice the percentage of non-presbyopes were classified with digital eyestrain (DES) compared with presbyopes. Non-presbyopes used shorter viewing distances, smaller font sizes and were more predisposed to DES than presbyopes. The viewing distances adopted by presbyopes were similar to the conventional near-working distance of 40 cm. Eye care practitioners should consider viewing distances when assessing near-visual functions and prescribing a near refractive correction, particularly in non-presbyopes. There should be greater awareness of the importance of adopting appropriate viewing distances when using smartphones.

Role of Occupational Therapy Assessment and Office Ergonomics to Support Students with Accommodations in Higher Learning: A Narrative Review

Postsecondary students with disabilities (SWDs) face significant challenges to their academic and personal well-being. There is a demand for more supportive strategies to facilitate fulfilling and equitable academic experiences for SWDs. This review aimed to (1) determine the effectiveness of various interventions, programs, and accommodations for enhancing the overall well-being of postsecondary SWDs and (2) evaluate the implications of these support strategies for disability service providers at postsecondary institutions. A narrative review was conducted, examining 13 studies aimed at enhancing the well-being of postsecondary SWDs. Studies were classified using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Model. Ergonomics, assistive technology, and counselling programs had positive improvements on the academic success of SWDs. In SWDs, health status was associated with higher community participation, and physical interventions were beneficial to reducing pain over time. Coaching and mentoring opportunities were beneficial for successful goal fulfilment. However, there remains a risk of digital eye strain when using technology to support postsecondary SWDs. The findings indicate that a range of support strategies can benefit several different components of SWDs experiences. This review identifies research gaps and opportunities to examine support strategies to improve the physical and mental well-being of SWDs.

Digital eye strain symptoms worsen during prolonged digital tasks, associated with a reduction in productivity

PurposeIt is often stated that digital eye strain can impact productivity and/or work accuracy, but the relationship between symptoms, productivity, and work accuracy has been unclear. Hence this study tracked the development of visuo-ocular symptoms during prolonged digital tasks and to explore the impact of higher and lower cognitive load levels on visuo-ocular symptoms, productivity, and work accuracy. MethodsThirty-five participants (23.2 ± 4.0 years) who had digital eye strain (diagnosed with the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire) undertook an uninterrupted laptop adapted Eriksen Flanker task for 60 min on two separate days, once with a high cognitive load in randomised sequence. Symptoms were assessed at baseline and every 10 min throughout the task. ResultsAll visuo-ocular symptom scores significantly worsened (F = 87.783, p < 0.001) with time, with the symptom severity increasing faster with the higher cognitive load (F = 7.110, p < 0.001). The mean total number of tasks completed was greater for the lower (1060.8 ± 296.5) than the higher (532.2 ± 123.4) cognitive load tasks (F = 138.830, p < 0.001), reducing with time (F = 7.339, p < 0.001), but in a similar way for both cognitive loads (F = 1.795, p = 0.154). Task accuracy was not affected by the cognitive load of the task (F = 1.729, p = 0.197) and was consistent over time (F = 1.885, p = 0.135). ConclusionsSymptoms increased with task duration in individuals with digital eye strain, with a faster rate for more demanding tasks. This was associated with a decrease in the task completion rate (productivity), but not the work accuracy.

Digital Eye Strain: Updated Perspectives.

Digital eye strain (DES) is a growing worldwide concern because digital devices are prevalent in both our work and home lives. The purpose of this review was to summarize clinically relevant and evolving key topics related to DES. A PubMed.gov search was conducted on or before June 8, 2024. No date restrictions were used during the primary search. The search was aimed at detecting all articles related to DES; thus, the search terms only included "digital eye strain" or "computer vision syndrome". The two most used, validated DES questionnaires are the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q) and Computer Vision Symptom Scale (CVSS17). The world-wide prevalence of DES ranges from 8.2% to 100% depending upon the subjects evaluated and the method used to evaluate them. The most common DES symptoms include headache, eye strain, eye redness, eye itching, tearing, photophobia, burning sensation, blurred vision, eye pain, neck and shoulder pain, and eye dryness. Ocular surface symptoms in DES are integrally tied to decreased blink frequency, which causes ocular surface desiccation, increased osmolarity, and dry eye-like symptoms. The most studied DES-specific treatments are improving subjects' environment, artificial tears, blinking exercises, and near work breaks. DES is a highly prevalent condition that should be regularly screened for in clinic with a validated diagnosis instrument. While there are several treatment options, the community's treatment approach is evolving and primarily focused on treating the visual and dry eye-like symptoms associated with the condition.

Corneal hypersensitivity to cold stimuli in symptomatic computer users.

Prolonged computer use may result in repeated stimulation of the ocular surface due to ocular dryness, potentially leading to alterations in its sensitivity. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between ocular symptoms and corneal sensitivity to cold and mechanical stimuli in computer users. Fifty-two young (31 ± 6 years), frequent computer users, including symptomatic and asymptomatic users, participated in this study. Mechanical and cold sensation thresholds were determined at the central cornea of one randomly selected eye of each participant using the UNSW Liquid Jet Aesthesiometer. Ocular surface symptoms and digital eye strain were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index, Ocular Comfort Index, Instant Ocular Symptom Survey, and Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q). Associations between central corneal sensation thresholds and demographic variables, patterns of digital device use, and symptom scores were analyzed using Pearson (r) or Spearman (ρ) correlations and linear regression models. Age (ρ = 0.24), CVS-Q score (ρ = -0.33), CVS-Q dry eye score (ρ = -0.28), and mechanical sensation threshold (ρ = 0.63) were significantly associated with cold sensation threshold (p≤0.04). Conversely, there were no significant relationships with Ocular Surface Disease Index, Ocular Comfort Index, or Instant Ocular Symptom Survey or with other demographic variables (p≥0.34). In multiple linear regression models, age and mechanical sensation threshold were significant predictors of cold sensitivity (p=0.04 and p<0.001, respectively) (adjusted R2 = 0.459). There were no significant correlations between mechanical sensitivity and symptom scores (p≥0.09). Symptoms of digital eye strain, particularly those related to dry eye, were associated with higher corneal cold sensitivity. Corneal hypersensitivity to cold stimuli as a marker of ocular discomfort during computer use requires further investigation.

THE EFFECT OF BLUE LIGHT BLOCKING SPECTACLES LENSES FOR DIGITAL ASTHENOPIA

This systematic review evaluated the impact of blue-blocking (BB) spectacle lenses on digital asthenopia, considering 9 relevant studies published in the last de­cade. While two studies indicated some effectiveness of BB lenses in reducing symptoms like eye pain and heavy eyes, others did not show significant differences compa­red to no-block (NB) lenses in various eye strain symp­toms. Overall, the evidence lacks conclusive support for the effectiveness of BB filters in alleviating digital eye strain (DES) symptoms, emphasizing the need for more standardized and comprehensive research in this area.

Impact of 20-20-20 Rule and Daily Reminders in Relieving Digital Eye Strain

Aim: To assess the impact of taking proper breaks and the role of reminders in enhancing compliance while working on digital devices in reducing the digital eye strain. Methodology: This was a questionnaire-based prospective study determining the role of taking proper breaks and the role of daily reminders in enhancing patient compliance and in-turn reducing digital eye strains. The study examines compliance variations with the 20-20 rule in two distinct groups, Group-I (Subjects who got daily reminders) and Group-II (Subjects who did not get any reminders). The occurrence of symptoms related to digital eye strains were also compared between the subjects in the two groups and from baseline. Results: A significant proportion of respondents were not aware of the 20-20 rule and do not actively implement it. Taking visual breaks reduce digital eye strain as both Group-1 and Group-2 generally have lower symptom prevalence compared to the Baseline group. However, Group-2 tends to have higher symptom prevalence compared to Group-1 indicating that reminders may play an important role in reduction in symptoms of digital eye strain. Conclusion: The 20-20-20 rule is a simple and effective technique to help prevent Computer Vision Syndrome and reduce the risk of Digital Eye Strain caused by prolonged computer use or digital device use. However, a lack of knowledge regarding the 20-20-20 rule prevails and it is important to spread awareness about the importance of visual breaks during digital work. Since getting proper reminders can enhance the compliance, incorporation of reminders in digital devices can be useful for people who often suffer from DES due to lack of proper breaks. Keywords: Digital Eye Strain, Computer Vision Syndrome, Dry Eyes, 20-20 Rule, Visual Breaks

Assessment of Wavefront Aberrations in Children with Myopia Against the Background of Ocular Surface Disorders in Combination with Computer Vision Syndrome Digital and Eye Strain

Purpose: to assess the state of the wavefront in children with myopia, who have various manifestations of digital eye strain and symptoms of ocular surface disorders, and to evaluate the diagnostic significance of wavefront criteria for assessing the state of the ocular surface.Patients and methods. The study involved 76 children (152 eyes) with myopia aged 8 to 18 years who used gadgets and computers for more than 2 hours a day. All patients used glasses as a method of optical correction and were constantly worn. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st with symptoms of ocular surface disorder, 2nd — comparison group. Subjective signs were studied using the online questionnaire “State of the ocular surface”. Using the “Keratograph 5M Oculus” the following parameters were assessed: non­invasive tear film breakup time (NTBR), including the first tear film breakup time, average tear film breakup time, breakup time gradient and maximum tear film breakup zone, the same device was used to perform infrared meibography and study of the lipid layer of the tear film. All patients underwent wavefront aberrometry in a darkened room without cycloplegia.Results. It was found that in the group of patients with the presence of subjective phenomena of disturbance of the state of the ocular surface, identified using the online questionnaire “State of the ocular surface”, rotor aberrations were statistically significantly higher than in the comparison group. At the same time, the indicators of higher­order corneal aberrations have comparable values. Correlation analysis between indicators of the state of the ocular surface and parameters of the wavefront in the group of children with disturbances of the state of the ocular surface showed that a higher level of corneal aberrations corresponds to a higher number of points on the questionnaire of disturbances of the ocular surface and the state of visual comfort, in turn, when comparing data on non­invasive tear film breakup time, a negative correlation was established, which means that with a higher number of points on the questionnaire, and therefore, with a more significant degree of impairment of the ocular surface, the tear film breakup time was shorter.Conclusion. The structure of the wavefront in children with myopia against the background of a disorder of the ocular surface in combination with CVS and digital eye strain is significantly different from the structure of the wavefront in the comparison group.

Safety and Efficacy of Photocatalytic Micro-Mist Desktop Humidifier for Dry Eye Caused by Digital Environment: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background/Objectives: Modern life is inconceivable without visual display terminal (VDT) work, including smartphones, computers, and games for both children and adults. VDT work under air conditioning and low humidity poses a high risk of dry eye and digital eye strain. Methods: Thirty-one participants were randomly divided into two groups using a desktop humidifier with photocatalytic technology, namely the "with mist" (humidifier) group and "without mist" (control) group. Participants performed VDT tasks using the humidifier with or without mist for 1 h. Ocular subjective symptoms and objective tear film parameters were assessed before, immediately after, and 1.5 h after the VDT task with or without mist. (Registry ID: UMIN000054379) Results: Ocular symptom scores improved significantly in the humidifier group immediately after the VDT task and up to 1.5 h later compared to before the task (p < 0.001, =0.006, respectively). Immediately after the VDT task, tear meniscus height was significantly higher and non-invasive breakup time was significantly longer in the humidifier group than in the control group (p < 0.001, =0.040, respectively). Plugging of the meibomian gland orifices was significantly reduced only in the humidifier group immediately after the VDT task compared to before the VDT task and remained significantly reduced up to 1.5 h later (p = 0.004, 0.016, respectively). Conclusions: The use of the photocatalytic desktop humidifier during VDT task resulted in significant improvements in the tear film parameters and subjective symptoms. The photocatalytic desktop humidifier could be effective in alleviating dry eye and eye strain in computer users in a modern office environment.

Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome and Its Risk Factors in a Spanish University Population.

To determine the prevalence of digital eye strain or computer vision syndrome (CVS) and its risk factors in a university population (University of Valladolid, Spain). An anonymous cross-sectional online survey was conducted in a university population [staff (lecturers and administrative employees) and students (undergraduate, master's, and PhD)], including two validated questionnaires (Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI] and the 17-item Computer-Vision Symptom Scale questionnaire [CVSS17]) and questions about sociodemographic data and visual display terminal use. The prevalence and risk factors for CVS (CVSS17≥29) (multivariate logistic regression model) were calculated. One thousand nine participants responded to the survey (35.2±15.2 years; 64.1% women). The mean OSDI and CVSS17 questionnaire scores were 18.9±15.6 and 31.5±6.4, respectively, and 35.4% of the respondents had dry eye symptoms (OSDI>22). The total prevalence of CVS was 65.4% (95% CI 62.1-68.3). Undergraduate students showed the highest CVS prevalence (72.6%; P <0.01), which was significant. In addition, women, participants younger than 36 years old, contact lens wearers, and subjects with dry eye symptoms reported a statistically higher CVSS17 score ( P ≤0.01). In the multivariate model, significant factors associated with the presence of CVS ( P ≤0.03) were female sex (OR=2.10; 95% CI 1.54-2.88), dry eye symptoms (OSDI>22) (OR=16.98; 95% CI 10.36-27.84), VTD use ≥6 hr daily (OR=1.96; 95% CI 1.09-3.52), and being an undergraduate student (OR=2.23; 95% CI 1.54-3.24). A high prevalence (65.4%) of CVS was found among the Spanish university population, with the undergraduate student group having the highest prevalence (72.6%). Female sex, more than 6 hr/day of visual display terminal use, being an undergraduate student, and dry eye symptoms significantly increased the risk of CVS in the university population.

Impact of online learning during COVID-19 pandemic on digital device related ocular health

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ocular health related to digital device usage among university students in Lebanon. DesignA cross-sectional design was utilized to examine the association between the pandemic and ocular health. ParticipantsA total of 255 university students in Lebanon participated in the study, selected based on their enrollment during the pandemic. MethodsAn online survey assessed participants' digital device usage, awareness of digital eye strain, and experienced symptoms. The study addressed the relationship between symptom frequency and screen time, especially in their connection to the pandemic and online learning. ResultsPrior to the pandemic, the majority of participants (73.0 %) were unaware of digital eye strain. Following the transition to online learning, nearly half of the participants (47.0 %) reported using digital devices for 12 or more hours. The majority (92.0 %) experienced a substantial increase in daily digital device usage for learning, with an average increase of 3–5 h. Symptoms of digital eye strain, including headache, burning of eyes, blurry vision, sensitivity to light, worsening of vision and dryness of the eyes intensified in both frequency and severity during the pandemic and online learning period. ConclusionsThe study emphasizes the importance of promoting healthy habits and implementing preventive measures to reduce the prevalence of digital eye strain symptoms among university students. Healthcare professionals and public health authorities should educate individuals on strategies to alleviate digital eye strain, considering the persistent reliance on digital devices beyond the pandemic.

Eye Strain Expression Classification using Attention Capsule Network for Adapting Screen Vision

Beside the conventional facial expression recognition methods, the research focuses on developing a system for recognizing various eye expressions under different screen conditions. This research deals with the use of Capsule Network (a recent Deep Learning algorithm) to enhance facial expression recognition capabilities and to develop adaptive screen technologies aimed at mitigating digital eye strain. The main objective of this research is to engineer a sophisticated system that employs the capabilities of Capsule Nets to recognize the various expressions that user makes and based on the recognized expression, dynamically modify screen settings, ensuring optimal user visual comfort. The research primarily concentrates on the exploration and application of various Capsule Net architectures designed for the recognition of expressions related to eye strain. The baseline model utilized elementary convolutional layers which feed into subsequent fully connected layers for the task of classification. The model has since been refined by incorporating advanced techniques such as attention mechanisms and more sophisticated network architectures where the classification is done by Capsule Network. Results have demonstrated a modest enhancement in the Capsule Net’s predictive performance, attributed to its superior spatial and hierarchical processing of facial features, in comparison to conventional deep learning approaches. The final model has an accuracy of 82.27%. As a final system the model has been deployed to an application to process frames from video camera in the device and make prediction to prompt the notifications or recommendations.

Effect of katakaphala eye drops on Digital eye strain- A pilot study

The mandatory e-learning has emerged as a method for teaching during coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. That now has become the usual routine for additional knowledge source for students, who spend most of the time (4-5 hrs per day) attending e-classes or reading e books in front of a computer or mobile screens. These devices cause harm by emitting short high energy waves that makes an individual vulnerable to a variety of eye problems ranging from dry eye to age-related macular degeneration. It is collectively known as digital eye strain (DES). Katakaphala (strychnos potatorum) is an herb commonly used for ophthalmic conditions like irritation, pain, redness etc. This study was aimed to conduct survey on digital eye strain among BAMS students and to evaluate the effect of katakaphala eye drops on digital eye strain. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire and first 100 students with features of digital eye strain were included for the study. Detailed examination including visual acuity ad shirmers test was done for the enrolled subjects. Katakaphala eye drops was administered to the subjects 2drops in each eye, 4 times a day for 15 days. All parameters were documented on before treatment, at the end of treatment and on day of follow up (30th day). There was significant improvement in all parameters clinically and statistically except in redness of eye. By virtue of properties of the ingredients this katakapahala eye drops helped in relieving Headache, Eye strain &amp; Redness in digital eye strain and improved vision.

Digital Eye Straining: Exploring Its Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Effects on the Quality of Life.

Digital eye strain (DES) has become a pervasive issue in contemporary society due to increased reliance on electronic devices. This study aims to comprehensively explore the symptoms, severity, and associated factors of DES, considering demographic, behavioral, and health-related variables. A cross-sectional study was conducted among participants with diverse demographic backgrounds. A structured questionnaire collected data on participant characteristics, electronic device usage patterns, symptoms of DES, and its impact on various aspects of quality of life. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, were employed to assess associations and significance. The majority of participants reported symptoms of DES, with eye dryness, headache, and eye redness being the most prevalent. Symptom severity varied, with age, daily device usage, adherence to the 20-20-20 rule, and studying with electronic devices demonstrating statistically significant associations. Participants diagnosed with eye diseases exhibited higher symptom severity. While disagreement was common regarding DES increasing stress, a substantial proportion acknowledged its impact on productivity and attention. The current study showed that there is a significant correlation between the incidence of digital eye straining and longer screen exposure time. The findings underscore the importance of age, behavior, and ocular health in understanding and addressing DES. The results contribute to the broader discourse on digital eye health and emphasize the need for targeted interventions to alleviate the impact of DES on daily life.

Overview of the incidence and risk factors of computer vision syndrome among office workers at PT XYZ, Pasuruan, East Java

Computers have millions of benefits and functions for their users, but excessive use of computers can also have negative impacts on health, one of which is Computer Vision Syndrome. Computer Vision Syndrome is an eye health problem commonly referred to as digital eye strain, which describes a group of problems experienced related to eye health and vision due to prolonged use of computers, tablets, digital magazines and cell phones. The research is quantitative descriptive research with a cross sectional approach. The research subjects used were all office workers at PT. XYZ, Pasuruan has 21 workers. From 21 samples, it is known that CVS occurred in section workers office PT. XYZ Pasuruan was 52.38% with the complaints most often felt by workers were dry eyes (66.67%), headaches or dizziness (52.38%), blurred vision (52.38%), and difficulty focusing when looking. short distance (47.62%). The incidence of CVS was found most frequently in female workers (80%), the duration of computer use was as long as≥ 4 hours a day (58.82%), eye position that is not at the same level as the computer (75%), and respondents who have a viewing distance of &lt; 50 cm from the computer. (100%).

Prevalence and Effect of Computer Vision Syndrome during COVID-19: among Bangladeshi People

Background: Global pandemic has devastated almost every aspect of life. "Spatial distancing" involves creating and maintaining safe social distance, shifting the world away from public locations and toward isolation. Remote working has become a demand in these historically unique times, and technology is a need for human life as a link to the outside world. People use technology to interact, communicate, and complete activities. Online meetings, audio and video conferencing, and leisure activities like online gaming, blogging, and social networking have virtualized human interaction, leading to a rapid digitalization of human life. The increased usage of video display terminals (VDTs) predisposes to a range of problems. Digital eye strain (DES) or computer vision syndrome (CVS) refers to a group of health disorders that include not only visual issues but also musculoskeletal issues. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of CVS and to examine the use of digital screens, common symptoms, and related variables. The findings could in the future provide vital, detailed health information to all online users. Methods and Materials: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st July to 31st December, 2021. A total of 429 people participated in the study and majority of the participants were students and teachers involved in digital class rooms for academic purposes. A survey questionnaire was distributed on social media channels. Regular users of digital screens were provided with Google forms through social media. It includes both a questionnaire and an informed consent form. Results: Out of 429 participants in, 59.9% were females and 36.13% males. The maximum age group were from between 18-27, 58.9%, while the least were from 58 and above, 2%. The major digital screen platforms used by them were smartphone/tablet, 97.9%, television, 70.8% and computer laptop, 66.8%. The utilization of digital screens was categorized under ..........