Digital Content Research Articles

Enhancing digital competence through story-based learning: a massive open online course (MOOC) approach

PurposeThis study investigated a story-based learning MOOC’s effectiveness in enhancing digital competence.Design/methodology/approachA quasi-experimental design with 5,501 participants enrolled in a developed MOOC course was assessed through pretests, formative assessments and posttests. K-means clustering, using the Self-Efficacy in Digital Competence Scale (SDCS), was employed to classify experimental and control groups and analyze differences in perceived competence across age groups (10s–60s).FindingsLearners’ digital competence significantly improved (p < 0.001) after the MOOC, demonstrating knowledge and skill gains across various domains. The highest SDCS domain was communication and collaboration, while the lowest was digital content creation. Additionally, the SDCS data showed higher self-efficacy in the 20–40s age group and lower in the 10, 50 and 60s.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings suggest a gap in learners’ digital content creation competence. Additional content could be incorporated to bridge this gap. This study supports story-based learning MOOCs for promoting digital competence.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the field by developing and evaluating a MOOC with story-based learning to explore learners’ digital competence and its relationship with age.

I Tolok Daeng Magassing

ABSTRACT This article aims to explain the different perceptions of the colonisers and the colonised regarding the history and memory of a Makassar legend, I Tolok Daeng Magassing. The Dutch colonial records paint I Tolok as a criminal leader and a societal nuisance, contrasting sharply with the people’s view of him as a hero, defender, and protector. This portrayal demonstrates that the I Tolok narrative is an integral part of a process involving colonial perspectives and the memories of the Makassar people. The narrative today is not without contradiction. The community’s memory of I Tolok is transmitted through oral literature (sinrilik), a traditional form of storytelling, which has also evolved into drama form and short films disseminated via digital content. These forms of media serve as modern vehicles for the preservation and dissemination of the I Tolok narrative. Previously, the I Tolok narrative was part of the people’s oral tradition confined to the interior of Makassar. It is now articulated in various visual media and accessible to the larger community. All of these are the memory politics of the Makassar people in countering the colonial narrative that places I Tolok as a criminal.

Gaps and Direction for Digital Records Impacting the Mental Health Patient-Provider Dyad: A Systematic Review

Gaps and Direction for Digital Records Impacting the Mental Health Patient-Provider Dyad: A Systematic Review

User Behavior and Satisfaction in AI-Generated Video Tools: Insights from Surveys and Online Comments

Abstract. With the rapid advancement of AI, AI-generated video tools have become essential in digital content creation. However, there are significant differences in user acceptance and satisfaction with these tools. This study aims to explore the underlying reasons for these differences by analyzing user behavior, satisfaction levels, and preference characteristics through a questionnaire survey and online review data. Ridge regression analysis identified usage frequency and data security concerns as key factors influencing satisfaction, with familiarity and education level also playing significant roles. Based on these factors, K-means clustering categorized users into three groups: occasional users with high satisfaction, functionality-focused users with the highest satisfaction, and frequent users with lower satisfaction due to data security concerns. Sentiment analysis and LDA topic modeling of online reviews for five AI video tools-Animoto, Invideo, Lumen5, Pictory, and Synthesia-revealed differences in user evaluations. The findings indicate that Lumen5 excels in social media content creation, while Pictory has a weaker user experience with more negative feedback. The study concludes that developers should focus on increasing tool usage frequency and enhancing data security to improve user satisfaction. Moreover, targeted strategies based on different user segments can aid in more precise product optimization and market promotion. This research provides practical guidance for the further development of AI-generated video tools. Future studies could expand the sample size and data dimensions to further validate and deepen these conclusions.

Uncovering the structure and kinematics of the ionized core of M\,2-9 with ALMA

We present interferometric observations at 1 and 3\,mm with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) of the free-free continuum and millimeter(mm)-wavelength recombination line (mRRL) emission of the ionized core (within lsim 130\,au) of the young planetary nebula (PN) candidate M\,2-9. These inner regions are concealed in the vast majority of similar objects. A spectral index for the mm-to-centimeter(cm) continuum of sim 0.9 indicates predominantly free-free emission from an ionized wind, with a minor contribution from warm dust. The mm continuum emission in M\,2-9 reveals an elongated structure along the main symmetry axis of the large-scale bipolar nebula with a C-shaped curvature surrounded by a broad-waisted component. This structure is consistent with an ionized, bent jet and a perpendicular compact dusty disk. The presence of a compact equatorial disk (of radius sim 50\,au) is also supported by redshifted CO and absorption profiles observed from the base of the receding northern lobe against the compact background continuum. The redshift observed in the CO absorption profiles likely signifies gas infall movements from the disk toward a central source. The mRRLs exhibit velocity gradients along the axis, implying systematic expansion in the C-shaped bipolar outflow. The highest expansion velocities (sim 80\ are found in two diagonally opposed compact regions along the axis, referred to as the high-velocity spots or shells (HVSs), indicating either rapid wind acceleration or shocks at radial distances of sim 0 (sim 15-25\,au) from the center. A subtle velocity gradient perpendicular to the lobes is also found, suggesting rotation. Our ALMA observations detect increased brightness and broadness in the mRRLs compared to previously observed profiles, implying variations in wind kinematics and physical conditions on timescales of less than two years, which is in agreement with the extremely short kinematic ages (lsim 0.5-1\,yr) derived from observed velocity gradients in the compact ionized wind. Radiative transfer modeling indicates an average electron temperature of sim 15000\,K and reveals a nonuniform density structure within the ionized wind with electron densities ranging from to 10$^8$\ These results potentially reflect a complex bipolar structure resulting from the interaction of a tenuous companion-launched jet and the dense wind of the primary star.

Access Relations to Copyright Objects Expressed in the Digital Environment

This article is devoted to the analysis of changes in relations arising in the sphere of use of copyright objects expressed in digital assets. The legal systems of various countries were unable to choose the most suitable models for the legal regulation of the circulation of works objectified in the form of program code. The problem was that copyright objects, objectified in digital form and called “digital content,” could not be unambiguously qualified, and were recognized as goods, services, or the provision of data. The European legislator spoke in favor of applying a sui generis legal regime to digital content. Thus, classical objects of copyright, acquiring a digital form of fixation and expression, begin to participate in civil circulation using fundamentally different legal mechanisms than the mechanisms of licensing agreements, namely, through the possibility of providing access to digital objects.

Blockchain in digital notary services

The purpose of the study is to determine the future application of blockchain technology. Protection of rights, as well as legal interests of citizens and legal entities is the main postulate of notary activity. Only through the prism of this provision should one consider the possible application of blockchain technology in the notary. This includes studying the possibilities of the blockchain for verifying the authenticity of documents, automating registration actions. The relevance of the study is related to the need for modern notaries to meet the requirements of the digital world. The research is based on the application of an interdisciplinary approach, civil law and information technology, which combines the analysis of legal aspects with modern technological research. To study legislative aspects, methods of comparative analysis and synthesis were used, which includes an analysis of the legislation of Ukraine and other countries. The empirical method consists in researching existing examples of implementation of blockchain projects in EU and US notary offices. Analysis and modeling were carried out taking into account the architecture of blockchain networks, their capabilities in terms of information protection, authentication and legal validity of digital records. The study found that blockchain technology has significant potential for the notary industry due to its decentralized nature and high level of data protection. It has been established that the implementation of the blockchain allows for the creation of a reliable database for recording notarial actions, ensuring the impossibility of forgery or loss of information. The results of the study confirmed the possibility of using blockchain for digital recording of documents and automation of notarial procedures, which allows to reduce time costs and the risk of human errors. The experience of countries that have already implemented blockchain in the notary office indicates an increase in the level of trust in notary services and a reduction in bureaucratic procedures. The application of blockchain in the notarial sphere can fundamentally change the mechanisms of notarial actions, increasing security, convenience and speed of service. The use of decentralized networks ensures the reliability of data, which makes it impossible to forge them and makes procedures transparent. However, for the full implementation of such decisions, it is necessary to create an appropriate regulatory framework, adapt Ukrainian legislation and ensure the training of specialists for work in the conditions of digital notary.

Correlation-based polarity-check algorithm for instrument transformers

A polarity identification is very important for operation of transformers, measurement and protection equipment, where it is useful in analyzing of transformer connections and operation as well as testing of protective systems. Moreover, it’s essential in assessment of power systems performance during both normal and abnormal operation. Ensuring the correct polarity of the primary and secondary windings in voltage and current transformers is of paramount importance for various measurement and protection schemes in power networks. This paper proposes a digital polarity detector and tester using correlation coefficients and nine polarity indices calculated for instrument transformer signals. In order to test the performance of the proposed polarity tester algorithm, MATLAB code is imported to the LABVIEW model, and the numerical data obtained from the synchronous generator terminals via instrument transformers are interfaced with the computer through the Data Acquisition Card (DAC). The experimental system consists of a motor-generator set supplying a three-phase inductive load with instrument transformers connected to measure each phase voltage and current. The obtained results for various operating conditions and different types of abnormal conditions prove that the suggested algorithm is accurate, reliable and applicable to smart grids and substation automation systems. It can be considered as an integrated system incorporated with digital fault recorders, relays and meters.

Impact of Digital Marketing Content on Brand Awareness among Jordanian Consumers

The study aimed to identify the impact of digital marketing content on consumer awareness of the brand. To achieve its objectives, the researcher adopted a descriptive-analytical approach. A data collection tool was developed in the form of a questionnaire consisting of 27 items, which was distributed electronically to a simple random sample of 650 consumers from the study population. A total of 365 valid questionnaires were collected and approved for analysis. Statistical methods appropriate to the study were applied using SPSS 22 for data analysis.The study yielded several key findings, most notably that digital marketing content—specifically information recombination, accessibility, and speed—has a statistically significant effect on Jordanian consumers' brand awareness at a significance level of (α < 0.05). Notably, accessibility accounted for 35.6% of the variance in consumer brand awareness.Based on these findings, the study recommends that businesses focus on ensuring the accessibility of their digital marketing content to enhance brand awareness among customers. Since the results suggest a deficiency in this dimension, the study also advises companies that provide digital marketing content with information recombination to focus on delivering valuable information to boost positive brand perception among consumers. Additionally, it is essential for businesses to explore effective methods for managing the speed aspect of digital marketing content to positively impact brand recognition, particularly in terms of how relevant advertising content is presented.

Smart Caption: Intelligent Image Description Using Transformer Decoder

The need for automated image description systems has grown significantly with the rise of multimedia content across diverse domains such as social media, digital libraries, and accessibility technologies. Smart Caption presents a novel approach for generating intelligent and context-aware image descriptions by utilizing a combination of Vision Transformers (ViTs) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) Transformer decoders. Unlike traditional convolution-based methods, Vision Transformers treat images as sequences of patches, enabling them to capture global image features more effectively. These extracted visual features are then processed by a Transformer-based decoder to produce coherent and contextually appropriate captions, bridging the gap between image recognition and natural language generation. Our approach focuses on leveraging the attention mechanisms inherent in both Vision and NLP Transformers to enhance the quality of image descriptions. The ViT architecture is designed to focus on relevant regions within an image, while the NLP Transformer decoder is adept at generating fluent and detailed descriptions by attending to the most significant visual features. This two-stage process improves the precision of object detection, relationship understanding, and scene context in generated captions. Experimental results demonstrate that Smart Caption out performs traditional methods in terms of accuracy, contextual relevance, and fluency, marking a significant step forward in the field of automated image captioning. Through this research, we aim to provide a scalable, efficient, and intelligent solution for image description, with potential applications in areas such as accessibility tools for visually impaired users, digital content indexing, and automated content generation. Our findings highlight the strengths of transformer-based models in bridging vision and language tasks, offering promising directions for future research in multimodal AI..

Copyright Law Regulatory Framework for NFT collections Transactions: Origins, Controversies and Approach Exploration

NFT collections are the result of the convergence of blockchain and smart contract technology with a specific digital content, comprising a technology layer and a content layer. The fundamental aspect of NFT collections is the usufructuary right to the digital content. The aforementioned digital content is copyrightable, which may in turn result in the trading of NFT collections being subject to copyright laws. The sale and transfer of collections can be considered to exist along three distinct appraoches of regulation: the right of distribution, the right of communication through information network, and non-infringement. It can be argued that collections are not objects of ownership. Thus, the nature of their usufruct does not unduly interfere with the proprietary style of copyright. Consequently, it could be proposed that the sale and transfer of collections cannot be subject to distribution rights regulation, either directly or by analogy. The approach of non-infringement presents significant systemic challenges in the context of legal application and fails to address the need for formalization of industry development. The sale and transfer are consistent with the constituent elements of the act communication through information network and can effectively overcome the inherent disadvantages of the aforementioned path. Therefore, it should be adopted. With regard to the additional burden of authorization created by the approach, the industry can achieve relief through the introduction of industry self-regulatory conventions or guidelines, and so on.

Mixed reality applications in upper extremity surgery: the future is now.

Mixed reality refers to the integration of virtual reality into the real-world environment. This digital content can be interacted with in real time. The emergence of mixed reality technology has been made possible by the introduction of head-mounted displays, which are being utilized across multiple surgical specialties. In upper extremity surgery, mixed reality has widespread applications in trauma, corrective surgery, arthroplasty, arthroscopy, and oncology. Preoperatively, mixed reality allows for complex 3D planning. Intraoperatively, surgeons can access this 3D data in a sterile environment. While in its infant stages, mixed reality is likely to become a powerful tool for intraoperative guidance and navigation. Mixed reality can change the paradigm of communication, as it allows the sharing of visual data from the surgeon's perspective, enabling remote assistance and participation.

Lessons learned from the experiences of patients with long-term conditions: recommendations for enhancing the undergraduate medical curriculum

ABSTRACT The importance of involving patients in medical education is widely accepted, but their contribution to medical curriculum design is not well documented. Patients have the potential to bring a unique perspective and more refined experience to curriculum development. This applies particularly to those with long-term conditions (LTCs) who have multiple exposures to doctors throughout their healthcare journey. The aim of this study is to explore what views patients with LTCs have on the attributes medical students require to have, in order to provide them with high-quality care. Ten patients with LTCs, encompassing both primary and secondary care over a broad set of demographics, were interviewed by telephone using a semi-structured questionnaire. The interviews were recorded using a digital voice recorder and manually transcribed verbatim onto a Microsoft Word document for thematic analysis using NVIVO software and following Braun and Clarke’s six-phase framework. Five themes have emerged highlighting where the care of LTC patients could be improved: ‘advocacy’; ‘compassion’; ‘the desire to be acknowledged as an individual’”; acknowledgement of their expertise”; and ‘benefits of continuity of care’. The findings make a major contribution to undergraduate and postgraduate clinical training development. They reinforce themes in healthcare which need more emphasis in the medical curriculum, whilst simultaneously highlighting that even well-recognised concepts such as patient-centred holistic care, are not well implemented in the context of actual practice.

Cryptography and DRM: A study of digital copyright protection in the gaming industry

Abstract. This paper explores the role of cryptography and encryption technology in the evolution of digital rights management (DRM) in the gaming industry. A collection of guidelines, procedures, and instruments that control the appropriate use of digital content is collectively referred to as digital rights management (DRM). Cryptography plays a vital role in DRM by ensuring data privacy, authenticity, and integrity. The early stages of DRM in gaming involved physical disc-based methods, such as unique disc features and online activation. However, these methods faced challenges such as compatibility issues and unauthorized copying. Modern DRM techniques incorporate advanced cryptographic techniques and account-based DRM tied to user accounts. Cryptography in DRM secures the distribution and consumption of digital content by converting game data into an unreadable format, which can only be decrypted with a valid key. The paper also discusses the use of third-party DRM technologies like Denuvo, which employ robust encryption and obfuscation methods. However, third-party DRM can have performance impacts, inconvenience users, and lead to compatibility issues. The paper emphasizes the need for continuous refinement of DRM technologies to balance copyright protection and consumer rights in the evolving gaming industry.

Digital Rights Management (DRM) technologies and legal research: Applications and regulations of encryption, digital watermarking, and copyright protection systems

Abstract. This paper explores the intersection of technology and law in Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems. By examining the application and regulation of encryption technologies, digital watermarking, and comprehensive copyright protection systems, this study provides a detailed understanding of how these technologies prevent unauthorized copying, distribution, and use of digital content. The paper introduces mathematical models to quantify the effectiveness of encryption and watermarking, offering insights into their practical applications and implications for intellectual property law. The comprehensive DRM effectiveness model combines these individual models, accounting for user inconvenience, to provide a holistic view of DRM system performance. Key case studies illustrate the implementation of DRM technologies in various industries, highlighting best practices and regulatory compliance. The study concludes with recommendations for future research and policy development to enhance the effectiveness and legal robustness of DRM technologies. This work contributes to the academic and practical understanding of DRM, offering a framework for optimizing DRM strategies in a dynamic digital landscape.

Consonant Elision in English Word Pronunciation of Obolo Speakers of English in Nigeria

This research investigates consonant elision in the spoken words of Obolo speakers of English (OSE). There is an assumption that the Obolo speakers of English exhibit features of inaccurate pronunciation especially, the elision of the voiceless alveolar and velar consonant sounds /t/ and /k/ in their English speech as it impedes mutual intelligibility during conversation. This assumption forms the background of this study. Sixty (60) university graduates from different fields of study were randomly drawn from six communities of Obolo: Ekede, Ayama Ekede, Ebukuma, Ngo, Agana and Egwede. The Optimality theory was used as a theoretical thrust for this study, and prepared single and connected words were arranged on a questionnaire for the subjects to read, while their productions were recorded using an MP3 digital recording device. For the analysis, the study employed perceptual and quantitative approaches focusing on the phonotactic order and the structure of English sounds as realized by the Obolo speakers of English. The findings revealed that the majority of Obolo speakers of English delete the consonant sounds /t/ and /k/ in their English pronunciations at the medial and coda positions of consonant clusters. Phonotactically, it was discovered that the output violates the faithful constraints. The statistics also show that subjects exhibit consonant elision in their pronunciation. For instance, 65%, 70% and 64% were unable to realized /k/ and /t/ correctly. This problem is not peculiar to only Obolo Speakers of English. The researcher suggests more research of this kind in other languages using a different approach.

"We're not all construction workers": Algorithmic Compression of Latinidad on TikTok

The Latinx diaspora in the United States is a rapidly growing and complex demographic who face intersectional harms and marginalizations in sociotechnical systems and are currently underserved in CSCW research. While the field understands that algorithms and digital content are experienced differently by marginalized populations, more investigation is needed about how Latinx people experience social media and, in particular, visual media. In this paper, we focus on how Latinx people experience the algorithmic system of the video-sharing platform TikTok. Through a bilingual interview and visual elicitation study of 19 Latinx TikTok users and 59 survey participants, we explore how Latinx individuals experience TikTok and its Latinx content. We find Latinx TikTok users actively use platform affordances to create positive and affirming identity content feeds, but these feeds are interrupted by negative content (i.e. violence, stereotypes, linguistic assumptions) due to platform affordances that have unique consequences for Latinx diaspora users. We discuss these implications on Latinx identity and representation, introduce the concept of algorithmic identity compression, where sociotechncial systems simplify, flatten, and conflate intersection identities, resulting in compression via the loss of critical cultural data deemed unnecessary by these systems and designers of them. This study explores how Latinx individuals are particularly vulnerable to this in sociotechnical systems, such as, but not limited to, TikTok.

Retracing digital assumptions in social movements: the Italian case of No Tav

This paper aims to shed light on the key role of digital repertoire in shaping participation forms, challenging internet as a flexible, dynamic, and pervasive platform that transcends reality in terms of sense and relationship construction processes. The research design traces the narration and performance patterns in the last decade of the No Tav movement case study. The work examines the concept of innovation as both an evolving repertoire and a set of users’ practices. The empirical analysis is conducted through digital content analysis using quantitative textual analysis techniques. The research questions aim to understand how activists produce and share knowledge, what mobilization patterns emerge and are enabled by digital media, and how organizational assumptions change due to the digital turn.

Understanding public opinion and discussion dynamics of digital humans on social media: an analysis of sentiment, themes and user characteristics

PurposeThe emergence of artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) technology has markedly enhanced the capabilities of digital human content generation and natural language processing, thus further advancing the development of digital humans. To enable enterprises and governments to effectively address the challenges and opportunities arising from the rapid development of digital humans, it is imperative to understand the public opinion and discussion dynamics of digital humans.Design/methodology/approachThis study initially analyzed the trends and distribution patterns of public attention to digital humans. By utilizing word cloud technology, we explored the primary focal points of public interest and conducted a topic analysis using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) techniques. Subsequently, content analysis was conducted on the popular application domains of digital humans. Finally, this study examined the influence of user characteristics on emotional scores toward digital humans and the presence of differences in focus across user groups.FindingsThe results indicate a sustained increase in public attention toward digital humans, accompanied by notable geographic disparities in the distribution of discussions. Discussions on Weibo are primarily focused on four domains, whereas areas within the digital human application domain that provoke widespread discussion include live streaming, service, cultural entertainment and digital avatars. Significant impacts of user characteristics on sentiment scores were observed, revealing divergent focal points of interest among different user groups toward digital humans.Originality/valueThrough the deep analysis of Weibo data, this study offers new insights into the digital human industry, enabling governments and businesses to understand industry trends and develop targeted digital human customization strategies based on customer characteristics.

Ensemble automated approaches for producing high‐quality herbarium digital records

AbstractPremiseOne of the slowest steps in digitizing natural history collections is converting labels associated with specimens into a digital data record usable for collections management and research. Here, we address how herbarium specimen labels can be converted into digital data records via extraction into standardized Darwin Core fields.MethodsWe first showcase the development of a rule‐based approach and compare outcomes with a large language model–based approach, in particular ChatGPT4. We next quantified omission and commission error rates across target fields for a set of labels transcribed using optical character recognition (OCR) for both approaches. For example, we find that ChatGPT4 often creates field names that are not Darwin Core compliant while rule‐based approaches often have high commission error rates.ResultsOur results suggest that these approaches each have different strengths and limitations. We therefore developed an ensemble approach that leverages the strengths of each individual method and documented that ensembling strongly reduced overall information extraction errors.DiscussionThis work shows that an ensemble approach has particular value for creating high‐quality digital data records, even for complicated label content. While human validation is still needed to ensure the best possible quality, automated approaches can speed digitization of herbarium specimen labels and are likely to be broadly usable for all natural history collection types.